Oil Shortage Research Articles

WELL STRING LEAK DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS

Currently, the issue of correct and timely assessment of the technical condition of wells is quite acute due to the development of fields at a late stage, high water cut of the well product, as well as the aging well stock. Traditionally, geophysical surveys are used to determine the technical condition of the production string, which make it possible to determine the presence of a disturbance, as well as its interval. However, due to the heavy workload of field technicians, it is not always possible to send a geophysical batch in a timely manner to check the technical condition of the well string. This fact entails oil shortages, an increase in the percentage of water cut, a negative impact on the environment, an increase in unproductive injection, as well as a decrease in target economic indicators. It is also worth noting the high risk of "idle" travel, when it is not possible to detect the presence of violations in the production casing.As a solution to these problems, the authors proposed a new technique for assessing the technical condition of the column based on a machine learning model. Chemical analysis of the water, the age of the well, the number of repairs carried out on the well, the dynamics of well operation, as well as its structure are the main features for which well leakage is predicted. The obtained signs are processed, loaded into a machine learning model, and then a specialist is given a real-time conclusion about the presence of a well leak. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the CatBoost model on the sample, taking into account the class balance, showed the best quality according to the F1-measure metric. The authors interpreted the obtained results of model prediction based on the effect of individual features on the probability of leakage of the production casing of the well both in the whole well stock and for each case separately. The following features have the greatest impact on the condition of the string: well age, sulfate content, specific gravity of water, as well as primary salts.This approach can significantly reduce decision-making time, increase the efficiency of detecting leaks in wells, and increase economic targets.The result of this work is a methodology for detecting leakage of the production casing, as well as an indirect method for diagnosing and predicting the degree of fatigue of the production casing and a certain share of the risk of leakage.

Safe haven between European ESG and energy sector under Russian-Ukraine war: Role of sustainable investments for portfolio diversification

The shortage of oil and gas supply to Europe during the Russia-Ukraine conflict has triggered a price hike in the European energy sector. To mitigate the impact of higher energy prices on consumers, the EU introduced a price ceiling mechanism to curb gas prices from exceeding market norms. This interplay between supply shortages and price controls further heightened volatility in energy market prices. Consequently, our study aims to explore the efficacy of ESG indices as a safe haven against the highly volatile European oil and gas sectors to reduce portfolio losses during conflict. Using advanced analytical techniques such as cross-quantilogram to predict directional predictability, we find that bullish ESG markets are a safe haven against the bearish oil and gas markets in short, medium, and long-term investment horizons. Further, to identify the net receiver/transmitter of spillover between ESG indices and oil and gas sectors, our quantile time-frequency connectedness analysis shows ESG is a net receiver of spillover before the conflict and during wartime. Additionally, we explored the indicator of uncertainty that influences quantile spillover between ESG indices and European oil and gas sectors. We find that uncertainty's role in quantile spillover is significant and asymmetric, and it becomes more volatile during wartime. This feature tends to be amplified during short and long-term spillovers. Finally, the portfolio rebalance strategy suggests that a safe haven portfolio based on a one-month investment horizon yields positive returns during wartime. Hence, this study suggests investors include ESG indices as safe haven assets at times of crisis and for policymakers to understand the role of uncertainties in reducing price volatility and risk contagion among ESG and energy markets.

Unveiling the pros and cons: Consequences of biodiesel in shaping the future of engine fuels

The worldwide search for eco-friendly energy sources has raised interest in biodiesel as a possible replacement for traditional fossil fuels. The goal of this study is to thoroughly examine the benefits and drawbacks of biodiesel while considering possible future developments for engine fuels. Researchers have focused a lot of interest on biodiesel since its introduction as a renewable alternative fuel. The fundamental components of biodiesel are created through the transesterification of plant, animal, or even waste cooking oil. Biodiesel is used to fully use natural resources and lessen the severity of oil shortages and environmental harm. Without requiring any modifications, biodiesel can be used straight to car engines to enhance engine combustion and lower negative emissions. This study's main goal is to give a general overview of how biodiesel applications affect diesel engines, considering how they affect emissions, vibration, noise levels, compatibility, engine performance and combustion characteristics. This study covers unregulated emissions, concentrating on two topics that have not been thoroughly studied: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). This will be crucial that regulators, researchers and industry stakeholders understand the full spectrum of consequences associated with biodiesel as they collaborate to develop engine fuels in a sustainable and ethical manner.

The study of core and particle model of Fushun oil shale based on microwave field

As an unconventional oil and gas resource, oil shale can alleviate the shortage of oil and gas resources. As a new heating process for oil shale retorting and in-situ mining, microwave can effectively exploit and utilize oil shale. In this paper, the Fushun oil shale and particle model under microwave field are studied by means of experiment and numerical simulation. Based on the measurement of the basic physical properties of oil shale, the effects of microwave power and absorbent (semi-coke and graphite) on the pyrolysis of oil shale were investigated. The experimental results show that the heating rate is the fastest when the maximum microwave power is 700 W without adding absorbent or adding the same absorbent. At the same power, the effect of graphite is slightly better than that of semi-coke. In the aspect of numerical simulation, COMSOL simulation software is used to simulate the oil shale core and particles based on the three-dimensional electromagnetic thermal model. The experimental conclusion is verified. At the same time, it is found in the simulation results that microwave heating has better temperature distribution gradient and electric field distribution. Furthermore, the microwave port is extended to the underground for the simulation of microwave in-situ mining. It is found that the reservoir temperature reaches 450 °C after 1000 days of reservoir heating.

Adaptation Mechanisms of Olive Tree under Drought Stress: The Potential of Modern Omics Approaches

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a crop of enormous economic and cultural importance. Over the years, the worldwide production of olive oil has been decreasing due to various biotic and abiotic factors. The current drop in olive oil production resulting from climate change raises concerns regarding the fulfillment of our daily demand for olive oil and has led to a significant increase in market prices. In the future, there will be a higher chance that we will face a severe shortage of olive oil, which could harm both the economic sector and the food supply. As olive groves cover more than 5 million hectares in the European Union alone, the need to preserve the crop in the context of extreme climatic events is imperative. As drought is considered one of the most limiting factors in agriculture, drought-resistant varieties and sustainable irrigation strategies are being developed to mitigate the impact of drought on crop productivity and secure the future supply of olive oil. This review focuses on recently gained insights into drought stress in olive trees through omics and phenomics approaches to unravelling mechanisms that may lead to developing new varieties that are tolerant against drought elicited by changes in growing systems.

The Impact of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine on Germany’s Energy Choice Attitudes among Residents in German States with Nuclear Power Plants in Commission or Decommissioned

This paper examines the impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on the Germany public’s energy choices. Along with much of Europe, Germany was hit by Russia reducing and then cutting its gas supplies. Although alternative sources have been found, this exposes the vulnerability of Germany’s energy market to outside control. An online survey of 600 German consumers was conducted in August 2022. The results suggest that 70% of participants were concerned about the shortage of oil and natural gas supply after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and 60% were concerned about the shortage of electricity supply. The invasion led many participants to support maximizing the use of existing power plants, including nuclear and coal-fired power plants, as an alternative to dependency on Russian supplies. There was an increase in people supporting the expanded use of renewable energy as a solution to the crisis. States with nuclear power plants were seen as needing to reduce and decarbonize their natural gas and coal-fired power generation while advancing their energy mix. The results suggest that the Energiewende approach and objectives have broad public support.

Analysis of Cooking Oil Shortage Due to Hoarding in the Perspective of Consumer Protection Law

This research highlights consumer protection against cooking oil shortages due to hoarding. Price regulation, distribution supervision, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection are the main foundations, with the government playing a key role in ensuring availability and reasonable prices. The practice of hoarding has been criticized for harming consumers and creating market imbalances. Consumer education about the economical use of cooking oil is also considered important. This research uses a normative juridical approach and literature study, exploring factors that trigger hoarding such as detrimental business practices and government policies regarding palm oil production. Although law enforcement is often hampered, the important role of government in maintaining market stability and protecting consumers remains the main focus of this research. The novelty in this research makes a significant contribution to understanding market dynamics and the role of government in overcoming the challenge of cooking oil scarcity.

First Principles Study of Structral, Electronic, and Optical Proeprties of Lead Free Double Perovskites Rb2LiTlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for Optoelectronics Applications

The presently, the renewable energy becomes the important source in the world because of shortage of oil and fossil sources and their hazardous. The solar cell is the main frontiers of cheap and clean renewable energy. We have chosen to lead free double perovskites Rb2LiTlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for structural, electronic, and optical applications because of their stable structure and direct band gaps. For the calculations, the modified Becke and Johnson potential has been applied (mBJ). The lattice constants are increase from Cl to I while bulk modulus decreases. The phase stability ensures the cubic phase with space group 221_Fm3m. The band structures and density of states show the band gabs (2.62, 1.39, & 0.14) eV. The ideal band gap of Rb2LiTlBr6 ensure the absorption of light in the visible region which has significant importance for solar cells applications.

Stock Valuation and Dividend Policy Decision of PT ELSA INDONESIA, TBK

Oil shortages began in 2015 due to underinvestment caused by ESG policy. Oil firms need the funds to finance their new refinery, rig, and exploration since most western countries are switching from oil to alternative energy. Geopolitical and economic instability, fear of a downturn, and rising inflation have harmed the worldwide Oil and Gas services market Since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, oil prices rose to USD122/barrel for WTI and USD128/barrel for Brent. WTI fell to USD80/barrel and Brent to USD86/barrel by 2022, despite mid-year volatility. PT Elnusa Tbk is an integrated oil services company through its subsidiaries, offers services that include geophysical data, drilling, and oilfield services. The objective of this research is proposes to evaluate the financial performance, valuation and making a recommendation for ELSA regarding its cash. Two methods of valuation are utilized to estimate ELSA’s intrinsic value: absolute valuation and relative valuation. Discounted Cash Flow to the Firm (DCF) model is used for absolute valuation, meanwhile Price to Book Value (PBV) and Price to Earning Ratio (P/E Ratio) methods are used for relative valuation. Dividend policy and buyback share projection is conducted to find the best decision for ELSA. By referring to absolute valuation, ELSA’s intrinsic value is estimated at IDR639/share. By referring to relative valuation using PBV and P/E methods, ELSA’s intrinsic value is calculated at IDR 564/share . These numbers are significantly higher than ELSA’s current price at IDR 378/share, thus providing relatively high margin of safety.in the following stage ELSA will keep on paying dividends to the shareholders. With ELSA DPR 33,25% in 10 years ELSA will have 4,756,289 million in 10 years and the cash could be for management risk if a big crisis or force majeure.

Combined Analyses on Electronic Structure and Molecular Orbitals of d10 Bimetal Oxide In2Ge2O7 and Photocatalytic Performances for Overall Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction.

Semiconducting photocatalytic overall water splitting and CO2 reduction are possible solutions to the emerging worldwide challenges of oil shortage and continual temperature increase, and the key is to develop an efficient photocatalyst. Most photocatalysts contain the d0, d10 or d10ns2 metals, and a guiding principle is desired to help to distinguish outstanding semiconductors. Here, the d10 bimetal oxide In2Ge2O7 was selected as the target. First, density functional theory (DFT) calculations point out that the nonbonding O 2p orbitals dominate the valence band maximum (VBM), and In 5s-O 2s and Ge 4s-O 2s antibonding orbitals are the major components of conduction band minimum (CBM). Moreover, the molecular orbitals were analyzed to consolidate the DFT calculations and make it more understandable for chemists. Due to the very small specific surface area (0.51 m2/g) and wide band gap (4.14 eV), as-prepared In2Ge2O7 did not exhibit any overall water splitting activity; nevertheless, when loading with 1 wt% cocatalyst (i.e., Pt, Pd), the surficial charge recombination can be greatly eliminated and the overall water splitting activity is significantly improved to 33.0(4) and 17.2(7) μmol/h for H2 and O2 generation, respectively. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) at 254 nm is 8.28%. This observation is proof that the inherent electronic structure of In2Ge2O7 is beneficial for the charge migration in bulk. Moreover, this catalyst also exhibits an observable CO2 reduction activity in pure water, which is a competition reaction with water splitting, anyway, the CH4 selectivity can be enhanced by loading Pd. This is a successful attempt to unravel the structure-property relationship by combining the analyses on electronic structure and molecular orbitals and is enlightening to further discover good candidates to photocatalysts.

Studi Komparasi Kebijkan Pemerintah Indonesia dengan Umar Bin Khattab dalam Penetapan Harga

The soaring price of cooking oil made the government issue a policy of fixing one price for cooking oil. However, the impact of this policy was a shortage of oil in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to find out the similarities and differences between government policies and Umar bin Khattab's policies in price fixing and to find out the factors of government failure in implementing cooking oil HTE policies. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research library. The results of this study indicate that there are many similarities in government policies with Umar bin Khattab in setting prices. However, there are differences in terms of the target object that will benefit, the government is more inclined towards the benefit of consumers without providing feedback to producers. The cause of the government's failure to implement the HET for cooking oil is the difference between the buying and selling system of traditional markets and modern markets, the existence of panic buying from the public, and the hoarding of cooking oil by several parties.

Tesla and BYD Comparison Analysis

After centuries of development, the world automotive industry is embracing a new wave of low-carbon transformation. The world is now facing a shortage of oil and energy and air pollution. In this context, clean energy has become the main development concept of the industry to replace fuel energy. This paper takes Tesla and BYD, the giants of the new energy vehicle industry, as an example, provides a comparative analysis of their products, profits, and R&D perspectives, and uses ratio analysis to analyze the two companies for investment purposes. The study found that Tesla has stronger profitability and higher international recognition. BYD is the second-largest new energy vehicle manufacturer in the world due to its rapid growth in battery innovation. Tesla and BYD have good prospects for future growth. Tesla and BYD are facing new opportunities and challenges in the new energy vehicle industry, which is currently gaining momentum.

Fish Oil Shortage & Price Volatility: Implications for Aquaculture & Nutraceutical Industries

Fish Oil Shortage & Price Volatility: Implications for Aquaculture & Nutraceutical Industries

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Safety and Security System for Vehicles Based on GSM Communication and IoT Network for Real-Time Tracking

In recent years, the surge in car theft cases, often linked to illicit activities, has become a growing concern. Simultaneously, countries grappling with oil shortages have shifted towards converting vehicles to run on liquid propane gas, presenting new safety challenges for car owners. This paper introduces a novel integrated intelligent system designed to address the challenges of car theft and safety concerns associated with gas-based vehicles. By seamlessly integrating these concerns into a single system, it aims to achieve significantly improved performance compared to traditional alarm systems. The proposed system consists of three primary parts: the car security subsystem, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based real-time car tracking subsystem, and the car safety subsystem. Utilizing key technologies such as the Arduino Microcontroller, Bluetooth module, vibration sensor, keypad, solenoid lock, GSM module, NodeMCU microcontroller, GPS module, MQ-4 gas sensor, flame sensor, temperature sensor, and Bluetooth module, the system aims to provide a comprehensive solution for the mentioned issues. Furthermore, the vibration sensor plays a crucial role in identifying unauthorized vehicle operations. Its significance lies in detecting the vibrations emanating from the running engine. Concurrently, other modules and sensors are utilized for real-time tracking and enhancing vehicle safety. These measures include safeguarding against incidents like fire outbreaks or gas leaks within the gas container. Finally, after assembling the system, a practical test was conducted, yielding favourable performance results. This paper describes a meaningful step towards improving the protection and safety for the cars, simultaneously addressing the stealing prevention and gas-related accident alleviation.

Production of sustainable biodiesel from alkaline pretreated dairy effluent using Yarrowia lipolytica

AbstractBiodiesel (BD) has grown in popularity over the last few years due to the global energy crisis, in addition to the depletion of reserves and the shortage of oil. The current study investigates the utilization of dairy effluent as a substratum for Yarrowia lipolytica, an oily yeast employed in biofuel generation. The dairy effluent has high biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved solids and, low pH. In this study, based on carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N), the alkaline pretreatment method (KOH 5%) was adopted to grow Y. lipolytica in dairy effluent. After 5 days of growth at 29°C, pH 6.9 (initial pH of dairy effluent), and stirring speed 120 rpm, the growth of Y. lipolytica produced 42.3 g/L biomass. Utilizing an ex‐situ transesterification method, the biomass was metamorphosed into BD. Using a modified version of Folch, Bligh, and Dyer's approach, lipid removal was done as the initial step. Moreover, the lipid was transesterified in a KOH catalyst, yielding 61% BD. Utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, the produced fatty acid methyl ester was examined.

Exploring the Commercialization of Smart Rural Energy in Times of Energy Supply Chain Disruptions

The lingering COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine have wreaked havoc on the global oil supply chain. The current disruption of the oil supply chain and the rapidly growing energy demand created unprecedented oil shortages and raised the oil price beyond the affordable level. As worldwide oil price hikes continue, there is an urgent need for developing alternative energy sources, such as smart rural energy. Despite its enormous potential as a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuel-based energy sources, smart rural energy has never been fully utilized in society. The limited use of smart rural energy may be related to its lack of commercialization, which could have created more eco-friendly and cost-efficient alternative energy sources. This paper assesses the eco-friendliness and cost-efficiency of smart rural energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower for the first time. This paper is also one of the first studies that intends to develop viable strategic plans for commercializing smart rural energy using strategy maps, which subsequently helps increase public awareness of renewable energy by creating visual communication tools that convey the benefits of smart rural energy commercialization to multiple stakeholders, including government entities, business communities, and energy consumers.

Penggunaan bahan bakar terbarukan (biodiesel-hydrogen) pada mesin Diesel Dual Fuel untuk mendukung Energy Transition di Indonesia

Increasing demand for oil as a fuel and declining production in refineries led to a nationwide fuel oil shortage. Hence compelling academics to develop answers, renewable energy is one of the proposed options. Compression ignition machines utilize renewable fuels such as biodiesel, crude palm oil (CPO), and hydrogen gas. Using biodiesel without modifying the engine can result in decreased thermal efficiency and increased smoke emissions. The addition of modest volumes of hydrogen gas can enhance the performance of diesel engines. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate the performance and emissions of diesel dual-fuel engines. In this investigation, a one-cylinder diesel engine with direct injection was operated at a constant 2000rpm with a 50 percent load. Flow variations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 liters per minute of hydrogen. Compared to biodiesel fuel, the results of this study indicate that a 10LPM hydrogen flow can boost thermal efficiency by 29.85% and a 7.5LPM hydrogen flow can increase power by 0.78 %. Moreover, the use of hydrogen gas reduces exhaust pollutants. Reduced HC, CO, and CO2 emissions by 26ppm, 0.01%, and 2.60%, respectively, for a 10LPM hydrogen flow.

Antifoaming Agent for Lubricating Oil: Preparation, Mechanism and Application

In the process of using lubricating oil, it is inevitable that bubbles will be produced, which can not only accelerate the oil's oxidation and shorten the oil change cycle but also reduce its fluidity and lubricity, aggravate the wear of mechanical parts and produce an air lock that interrupts the oil pump supply and causes an oil shortage accident. This paper mainly and comprehensively discusses the foaming process and its harm, the defoaming mechanism and defoaming method of lubricating oil, more specifically, the synthesis, application, advantages, disadvantages and current situation of three kinds of chemical defoaming agents, namely silicone defoaming agent, non-silicone defoaming agent and compound defoaming agent. Finally, the paper looks forward to the future development of special defoaming agents for lubricating oil.

Industrial Regenerator Model for SMTO Technology.

In order to alleviate the current domestic oil shortage, China has studied the technology of using coal as the source to produce low carbon olefins, among which methanol to olefin (MTO) is an important process. Since the coke deposition of MTO catalyst is inevitable, the deactivated MTO catalysts need to be regenerated by continuous coke combustion to recover the activity. This paper used the actual industrial data to study the gas-solid two-phase fluidized bed of a SMTO regenerator and the coke combustion kinetics of the deactivated SAPO-34 catalyst, and established the mathematical model of the SMTO industrial regenerator. The kinetic parameters in the model were obtained and validated with different data, which showed that the model is reliable and can accurately predict the industrial reaction results and provide guidance for the SMTO production operation.

Concerns for Food Security in the Mediterranean and Türkiye

When Russia’s invasion of Ukraine resumed after a hiatus of many months, it prompted the European Union and 17 other countries to cut off relations with Russia and Belarus. Most of the goods and food that people in the West use now come from foreign plantations and factories. The length of the war will significantly affect the extent to which it disrupts global food supplies and the intensity of the resulting food crisis. A symptom of this movement, and a warning against over- reliance on Russian energy supplies, is the European Political Community. While the article’s focus is on the potential impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on food supplies throughout the world, it also serves to remind readers that there is more to a crisis than a shortage of Russian oil and gas.