Oil Reserves Research Articles

Developments in the RCCI engines powered by several alternative fuel types: An overview

The perspective on internal combustion engines (ICEs) has changed because of the step-by-step decrease in oil reserves, environmental concerns, and many other reasons. However, the use of these engines will continue in the coming years. The development of ICEs has accelerated in recent years. As a result, studies on systems that can improve performance and reduce pollution in engines are carried out by many researchers. The basis of the studies carried out in this context is the change in the combustion mode. In other words, the emergence of different combustion modes is given importance by researchers. Among these, many studies have been made on the implementation of the reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion mode. RCCI engine uses two different fuels. These fuels are low-reactivity (alcohol, gasoline, etc.) and high-reactivity (diesel, biodiesel, etc.) fuels. In addition, the fact that different alternative fuel types can be employed in these engines has made them popular all over the world. This review presents the results of the effects of parameters such as fuel ratio, different injection strategies, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, compression ratio, and piston geometry on the performance, emissions, and combustion behavior of RCCI engines using both conventional and alternative fuels. This study has been compiled to provide an overview of the current status of the RCCI concept and to offer benefits to researchers.

DEVELOPMENT OF UNIFIED UNIT DESIGN FOR SEPARATION OF HIGHLY MINERALIZED WATER-METHANOL MIXTURE

None of the commodity industries generates as much excitement and profit as oil and gas, which are the main energy carriers. The ability to utilize these key products and their reserves, to hold the strings of business in these areas, determines the path to economic prosperity and the choice of political and economic strategy of the state.The Far North is an area larger than several European countries. It is characterized by extreme climatic conditions, a quarter of all foreign currency revenues to the state budget of Russia comes from this region. 20% of the world’s gas and 90 % of Russian gas and oil are produced here annually. Moreover, the Far North is not only a powerful raw material base of the country today, it is also a kind of guarantor of energy security of the state for many years to come: a quarter of all explored world reserves of natural gas and oil are concentrated here.Resource extraction in the Far North is complicated by a number of external factors, such as low temperatures, difficulties in delivery, installation of equipment at the site, as well as in the operation and repair of process equipment, which in turn leads to new requirements for the design of equipment used for oil and gas production. This paper describes the developed concept of a small-size separation unit for highly mineralized water-methanol mixture (hereinafter referred to as WMM), which is achieved by adopting a number of new technological solutions. The paper also describes the developed methodology of designing a small-size Navy separation plant, which allows to reduce the number of economic costs caused by difficulties in transportation, installation and operation.

STUDY OF LUBRICANT ADDITIVES FOR EXPANSION PIPE EXPANSION IN MONODIAMETER WELLS

There is a need to improve well design and completion in order to reduce material intensity while maintaining sufficient casing cross-sections. One of the possible solutions for this is the construction of mono-diameter wells using expandable casing technology. The technology of drilling wells with the same fixed bore diameter from the wellhead to the productive formation could solve many problems and limitations in the construction of wells, opening up opportunities for the development of large oil and gas reserves that are currently classified as difficult to recover or inaccessible. The technology of drilling monodiameter wells also reduces drilling volumes, reduces the adverse impact on the environment and, ultimately, leads to minimization of construction costs.For purposeful choice of flushing fluid components, especially reagents of complex action and lubricating additives necessary for drilling of mono-diameter wells, their preliminary laboratory tests on experimental installations providing physical similarity of interaction processes (wear) of friction pairs in relation to drilling technology are required. The task of this article is to study lubricating additives for reaming of reaming pipe in mono-diameter wells for subsequent selection of the most optimal of them. The experiments were carried out on the wellknown universal machine II 5018, designed for testing friction and wear of metals and alloys, hard engineering plastics and composites. The loading system and the II 5018 work unit were upgraded to simulate the processes being studied. During the experiments, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the sample were measured. To carry out the research, various lubricating and cooling media used in drilling technology were selected.

Change Management In the Energy Sector In Guyana: A Shift From Fossil To Renewable Energy Mix

This paper delves into the multifaceted realm of change management in transitioning from fossil fuels to a sustainable energy mix, spotlighting Guyana's unique position. With a global trend towards renewable energy driven by environmental concerns, countries like Guyana, blessed with significant oil reserves, face opportunities and challenges. Drawing insights from case studies of Denmark, The Kingdom of Norway, and Pakistan, key challenges such as economic barriers, technical complexities, regulatory issues, and social implications were identified. Success stories like Denmark's wind energy dominance and Norway's hydro-centric approach provide valuable lessons. However, challenges faced by countries like Pakistan emphasize the necessity of strategic planning. For Guyana, a nation experiencing explosive GDP growth and on the cusp of an energy revolution, recommendations include establishing clear policy frameworks, engaging stakeholders, promoting technological innovation, and investing in public awareness. Guyana could ensure a balanced, sustainable energy future by integrating these strategies and possibly revisiting its Low Carbon Development Strategy 2030.

An Artificial Neural Network Model for Predicting Initial Water Saturation of Petroleum Reservoirs

Initial Water saturation is the water saturation of a reservoir before production commences. It enables the reservoir engineer to properly estimate the correct volume of Oil or gas reserves and to produce without water. And over the years over estimation or under estimation had caused major changes in the decision making of oil companies. New techniques are developed as technology advances to measure water saturation. These are the most widely used techniques for determining water saturation, nevertheless. Measurements obtained directly from a sealed core, which are more expensive, or calculations made using the Archie equation on sample well logs, which are less expensive. In this Project, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is the sole purpose of the modelling. The datasets are gathered, processed, trained, tested and validated.

Reservoir properties of effusive rocks of the Muradkhanli field (Azerbaijan)

The presence of oil accumulations in igneous rocks has been known for quite a long time. Geologists estimate that oil reserves in eruptive and weathered metamorphic rocks reach 1 % of the world’s proven oil reserves. At the Shaimskoye field (Western Siberia), oil is found in the weathered granites of the basement. Oil has been found in eruptive rocks in Texas (USA) fields, the most famous of which is the Litton Springs field. Oil is found in metamorphosed shales in the western part of the Los Angeles basin, the porosity of which is caused by the development of cracks in the roof of crystalline shales. Petroleum is extracted from serpentinites in Cuba. Basic igneous rocks contain petroleum at the Ferbro field in Mexico.At the Khukhrinsky gas field, which islocated at the north-western end of the Dnieper-Donets depression, the crystalline basement rocks are oil and gas bearing, from which commercial hydrocarbon inflows have been obtained. In the White Tiger field (Bach Ho), located on the southern shelf of Vietnam, commercial oil accumulations are also found in crystalline basement rocks.
 At the Muradkhanli field in Azerbaijan, the industrial accumulation of petroleum belongs to the igneous rocks of the Upper Cretaceous age. The natural oil and gas reservoir of the Muradkhanli field is confined to the erosion zone of the upper part of the section of these rocks.
 This work aims to determine the reservoir properties of the rocks of the Muradkhanli deposit, which belong to igneous rocks, in different ways.
 The method of estimation of final oil recovery of complex structure reservoirs was proposed for useful capacity and oil recovery of homogeneous media; different variants of the volumetric method were used for reservoirs with complex structures of pore space filling a complex and heterogeneous natural reservoir; values of hydrocarbon reserves of increased and secondary capacity were calculated for the study interval; distributions of oil reserves with right-sided asymmetry, where Mo<Me<X, were presented; it was determined that in effusive cores oil saturation and fluid filtration are caused by tectonic fracturing and cavernousness.
 Permeability varies in a wide range: 0.73·10–15—1.31·10–15 m2; the largest specific fraction of crack density is in the range 0—0.1 cm/cm2, the average value is 0.29 cm/cm2, with crack depth they decrease from 0.9 to 0.1 cm/cm2.
 The studies have shown that the natural reservoir of oil and gas in the Muradhanli field is associated with the erosion zone of the upper part of the igneous rock section.

Solar Panel Power Generator with Automatic Charging using PWM System based on Microcontroller

Indonesia will become a net importer if it runs out of oil and gas reserves within the next 11 to 12 years if no alternative energy sources are developed. Therefore, there is a need to utilize alternative energy that is not dependent on oil or gas. One alternative energy is using solar light energy. This research designed a device that can convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy and automatically store electrical energy in a battery with PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) so that it can be used as alternative energy, and help reduce the consumption of electricity from PLN. The battery used 12V 80Ah and a solar panel module 50W for energy storage and system resources. The research results show that systems can automatically charge energy using sunlight and turn the lights to 7W. Using the charging system automatically uses PWM to reduce the risk of damage to the battery because, in the charging process, battery conditions will be monitored. The maximum power generated from solar panel modules used is 35.57 W.

Paleozoic sediments are oil and gas exploration reserve of Uzbekistan

The article deals with the hydrogeological factors of the oil and gas potential of the Paleozoic deposits of Uzbekistan. As a result, the inversion of mineralization and formation pressure in the bottom part of the Jurassic and the top of the Paleozoic deposits, as well as an increase in the value of В/В r ratios, concentrations of NH 4 and He in formation waters, were established. Changes in these parameters are accepted as an indicator of high-thermal fluids along deep faults, which has been confirmed within individual tectonic elements and local structures of the oil and gas regions of Uzbekistan. It is concluded that an increase in the W / W r ratio and the appearance of inversion waters are a sign of oil generation processes that are ongoing at the present time, as well as the presence of hydrocarbon accumulations in deeper horizons of the geological section, i.e. in Paleozoic deposits.

Study of Oil and Gas Prospecting Techniques: A Review

Consumption of petroleum products continues to grow steadily. In 2020, oil consumption numbers surpassed exploration's, indicating a possible market imbalance. That said, the demand for new oil reserves becomes essential. Prospecting techniques for these commodities are used to have greater accuracy before drilling a well. Different Geological, Geophysical, and Geochemical methods are applied with different principles in their search, with Seismic being the most widely used technique. Sniffers have gained ground among geochemical methods, and new technologies are emerging. Despite many methods, none is conclusive and should be used in conjunction with others, whether in the prospecting area or for leak monitoring.

Dramatically Enhancing Oil Recovery via High-Efficient Re-Fracturing Horizontal Wells in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs: A Case Study in HQ Oilfield, Ordos Basin, China

The ultra-low permeability oil reservoir in the HQ oilfield within the Ordos Basin exemplifies a classic “three-low” oil reservoir characterized by low pressure, low permeability, and low abundance. Upon the commencement of oil well production, substantial initial production decline and inadequate pressure maintenance levels are encountered. Consequently, these wells commonly face persistent low production issues resulting from ineffective water injection. Currently, the available technical approaches for repeated stimulation of such wells to enhance production and efficiency are limited, thereby restricting the effective utilization of the remaining oil reserves. In response to this challenge, this article presents an innovative technology tailored for high-efficiency re-fracturing to improve oil recovery in ultra-low permeability reservoirs. Grounded in the theory of multiple flow couplings and volume development, this technology introduces a novel integrated process encompassing seepage field reconstruction, fracturing, and oil displacement. This comprehensive approach culminates in an integrated energy replenishment methodology applicable throughout the entire reservoir’s life cycle. The proposed technology materializes a novel development method for ultra-low permeability reservoirs, centered on the principles of “seepage field reconstruction, integration of fracturing and oil displacement, multi-mode energy replenishment, and all-round displacement”. This integrated strategy ensures the efficient development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs. The successful implementation of this technology in the HQ oilfield is a notable achievement. Notably, the daily oil production of directional wells and horizontal wells significantly increased from 0.5 tons and 1.8 tons to 2.4 tons and more than 10 tons, respectively. Furthermore, the estimated ultimate recovery rate witnessed a substantial improvement from 5.2% to 17.3%. These compelling results underscore the potential of this technology in revitalizing the production of low-yield wells in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.

Oil and gas in Lebanon: shattered expectations

The article is dedicated to the peculiarities of the oil and gas policy of the Lebanese Republic - one of the few countries in the Middle East that does not engage in hydrocarbon extraction. The issue of oil and gas production in Lebanon remains insufficiently studied, although certain aspects of Lebanon's oil and gas policy have been touched upon by Russian scholars in the context of the Lebanon-Israel multiyear maritime border dispute. The author examines Lebanon's attempts to discover oil and gas in the 20th and 21st centuries against the backdrop of the complex political and economic situation in the country, describes the procurement process, in which Russian companies were also involved, and addresses the legislative framework for hydrocarbon production and exploration. The article explores the prospects of significant hydrocarbon reserves in Lebanon, with special attention paid to exploration in the country's exclusive economic zone (EEZ). According to experts, Lebanon possesses substantial oil and gas potential, as evidenced by the discovery of significant gas deposits offshore Israel and Cyprus. However, initial drilling in Lebanon's EEZ did not confirm the presence of commercially viable hydrocarbon reserves. It is concluded that the unstable political situation in the country, as well as the dispute with Israel over maritime borders, significantly hindered exploratory drilling offshore Lebanon. The unsuccessful tender process in recent years indicates Beirut's insufficiently effective oil and gas policy. The author believes that even if confirmed oil and gas reserves are discovered, Lebanon's economic crisis cannot be resolved in the foreseeable future due to weak governance and a lack of developed infrastructure for hydrocarbon export.

The Determination of Maximum Flow Rate in Well X Layer Y Field Z

The field development target which usually in field X are mostly carried out in gas reservoirs over time, in several candidate wells gas reserves have started to run low so that the remaining oil reserves and pressure in the reservoir naturally decrease or natural depletion. This is due to continuous production of gas reserves. One of the wells that has the biggest potential for oil reserves in field X is well A9. In this study, the maximum flow rate was determined in the A9 layer A well in field X with a skin value of 10 using manual calculations. From manual calculations on the condition of well X with skin 10 Qmax Well X from the IPR plot results with manual calculations is 25.87 bbl/day with a PI value obtained 0.009371 stb/d/psi meanwhile in well condition X without skin the Qmax value obtained is 40.12 bbl/day with a skinless J value of 0.01457 stb/d/psi. From the determination of IPR on ECRIN, the Qmax value in well X without skin is 43.08 bbl/day, meanwhile in the condition of well X with skin 10 the Qmax value obtained is 25.84 bbl/day

Communication Media Public Relations Unit Work Special Executor Upstream Oil and Gas Activities in supports the 1 Million Barrel Oil Per Day 2030 Program

Objective: The aim of this research is to define the role of media relations implementation at SKK Migas, Public Relations plays more of a role as a communication technician and facilitator. As a communications technician, Public Relations plays the role of creating and implementing Media Relations activities, where Public Relations is not placed as a source of information in Media Relations activities. Method: The research method used is a case study method, because this research aims to observe real events that occurred in media relations carried out by the Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Activities to realize the program for handling oil reserves with stakeholders in Indonesia. The things examined in this research are related to the data and facts contained in the implementation of the Special Oil and Gas Working Unit program, a single 1 Million BPOD program. This research provides a relatively complete picture of what happened when the research was conducted. Results: The results of research on the program implementation process in operational activities in the upstream oil and gas industry are known to often encounter obstacles. Various problems in the operational activities of the upstream oil and gas industry have resulted in two broad outlines that are relevant to the function of public relations. Negative reporting in the media, relations with local media and local journalism organizations are examples of the main focus of all discussions in the Media and Publications section.

An Application of Polymer Nanocomposites Based On Carboxymethylcellulose along with Aluminium (Al) and Copper (Cu) Nanoparticles for Increasing Oil Production

As an agent for displacing residual and hard-to-recover oil reserves, polymer nanocomposites based on sodium salts of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and aluminium (Al) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles were investigated. It has been shown that polymer nanocomposites are more effective as oil displacement agents than the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose itself. Increasing the viscosity of an oil displacement solution can be achieved by varying the concentrations of CMC and nanoparticles. This study thoroughly examined the dynamic viscosities of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polymer nanocomposites that contain CMC and metal nanoparticles (Al and Cu) across various concentrations. The results obtained are robust and reliable. It has been shown that, among polymer nanocomposites containing Al nanoparticles, there is a higher dynamic viscosity compared to its Cu nanoparticle counterpart at equivalent concentrations. This work proposes a simulation reservoir model to enhance oil recovery from hard-to-recovery reserves. Through this reservoir model simulation, the oil recovery factor was calculated using filler sand and oil extracted from a hydrocarbon field. The experimental data revealed the most effective concentration of CMC and nanoparticles for oil displacement. The results suggest that polymer nano composites composed of different metal nano powders have varying impacts on oil displacement efficiency. In this experiment, a composition consisting of Al nanoparticles with a size range of 50-70 manometers (nm) proved to be more successful as an oil displacement agent than a polymer nanocomposite made of Cu nanoparticles and CMC. At these concentrations and combinations, the highest oil recovery factors were achieved.

Prospects for the use of flow diverter technologies at the Alibekmola oil field

Background: The process of oil production from low-permeability reservoirs has some features and is associated with a number of problems. The main problem is the lack of involvement in the active development of oil reserves in low-permeability zones. Most design documents for the development of low-permeability carbonate reservoirs recommend conventional water injection, which leads to rapid water encroachment of production wells due to water breakthrough from the injection well to the production well through the high-permeability layers or fractures.
 Aim: In the conditions of low-permeability reservoirs of carbonate deposits, there is a need to search for new technologies and development methods that will ensure the economic viability of field development at a late stage.
 Materials and methods: One of the promising technologies that help reduce the level of water cut and involve in the development of an inactive matrix zone low-permeability fractured reservoirs are flow diverter technologies aimed at increasing the sweeping efficiency of productive formations by redistributing filtration flows, reducing or stabilizing water cut, reducing the volume of produced water, obtaining additional oil production.
 Results: This article presents the results of laboratory studies on the selection of optimal flow diverter chemical compositions for the conditions of the Alibekmola oil field.
 Conclusion: Conducted laboratory studies prove the applicability and effectiveness of flow diverter compositions for the conditions of carbonate fractured reservoirs.

An integrated methodological approach to substantiating the properties of high-viscosity oils using the example of the Karazhanbas oil field

Rationale: A characteristic feature of the modern stage of oil field development is the increase in the share of hard-to-recover oils, which mainly include heavy, highly viscous oils. This is due to changes in the structure of oil, an increase in the water cut of produced oil, geological and geophysical characteristics and conditions of oil occurrence that are unfavorable for extraction. The reserves of such oil significantly exceed the reserves of light and low-viscosity oil and, according to experts, they amount to at least 1 trillion tons. In industrialized countries they are considered not so much as a reserve for oil production, but as the main basis for its development in the coming years. The peculiarity of heavy oil is explained by its composition and PVT properties, which have a fairly serious impact on production.
 Target: Application of an integrated approach to substantiating the properties of high-viscosity oil and tools for mathematical modeling of the phase state of fluids in order to increase the reliability of reserve calculations and the efficiency of the oil field development.
 Materials and methods: The scientific work was based on the results of geochemical studies (fingerprinting and biomarker analysis), experimental data from rheological studies and the results of modeling the phase state of fluids.
 Results: It is proposed to use an integrated approach to data interpretation and compositional calculations, which make it possible to narrow the range of uncertainty and explain the huge variation in the values of physicochemical parameters across samples.
 Conclusion: An integrated approach to analyzing the results of PVT experiments, together with geological and field data and the results of geochemical studies, provides high-quality data that allows you to make strategic decisions on the oil field development, conduct accurate resource assessments and predict hydrocarbon production.

Prospects for Increasing Oil Resources and Reserves in the Yenisei–Khatanga Regional Trough

Prospects for Increasing Oil Resources and Reserves in the Yenisei–Khatanga Regional Trough

Refining solutions of development problems of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province fields using geological and statistical model ranking methods

The purpose of the present research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of data on the geological and physical properties of formations and the fluids saturating them in the Volga-Ural oil and gas province using the methods of geological and statistical model ranking. The discriminant analysis conducted on the basis of qualitative criteria (reservoir type and stratigraphic confinement) identified in all cases the zones of uncertainty, which affect the effectiveness of managerial decision-making in the conditions of analog objects. On this score, the results for six models were refined and updated according to the principle of rank uniqueness value calculation by three methods, both for each model individually and for model systems while using them within the obtained distributions of objects in the axes of canonical discriminant functions. Theoretical and practical recommendations were given regarding the use of geological and statistical models in the development of Volga-Ural oil and gas province fields. The results obtained can be used to solve a wide range of practical problems of proactive resource management, which enable effective determination of the best strategy for the successful extraction of residual and hard-to-recover oil reserves. The proposed parameter ranking table allows both to determine the most unstable parameters with a high degree of probability and to level the factor of heterogeneity and disequilibrium of field data. The conducted study established that identification of object association with a particular group in the axes of canonical discriminant functions leads to the formation of the zone of uncertainty. The latter increases the risks of making ineffective managerial decisions when developing different categories of subsoil users’ assets. Using the methods of ranking geological and statistical models, an algorithm for constructing a hierarchical system is proposed, which allows to expand the application field of the results of geological and statistical modeling in the oil and gas industry as well as to reduce the risk of nonrepresentative results.

Promising Abilities of Fungal Lipases of Aspergilli Strains in the Production of Biodiesel from Plant Oil Wastes

Currently, there exists a significant need for alternate sources of petroleum fuel due to escalating environmental challenges and diminishing global oil reserves. Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly and sustainable fuel, is one of the most adaptable alternatives to petroleum fuel. This study’s goals were to get biodiesel from three oils (olive, palm, and jojoba) and see how well lipases work as biocatalysts for the esterification process. The production of biodiesel was obtained from two fungal strains, Aspergillus niger MH079049.1 and A. niger MH078571.1, and four distinct fatty acids and four organic solvents were used. The study determined the optimal reaction conditions to be a reaction time of 24 h, an enzyme concentration of 3 mL, and an oil-to-methanol ratio of 3:1. This study showed that lipase works well in making biodiesel, with an impressive esterification yield of 99%, and the highest level of productivity was attained when olive oil and jojoba oils were subjected to an incubation time of 18 h and 22 h, respectively, in the presence of palm oil.

Features of calculating the temperature field in an annular porous layer under infinite heating

To date, easily recoverable oil reserves have already been extracted, so deposits with residual oil reserves or places with weak permeability are of great interest. It is known that oil becomes more viscous when the temperature decreases, which creates difficulties in its production. Therefore, to reduce the viscosity, it is necessary to heat the oil to the temperature at which it is possible to realize its production. The study proposes a mathematical model for calculating the temperature field in an annular porous layer under infinite heating in a downhole reactor for continuous heating of the bottom-hole zone of a formation containing high-viscosity oil and natural bitumen (HVO and NB).PURPOSE. To construct a heating solution for an infinitely long annular layer in a downhole reactor. To obtain a temperature profile in the cross section of the annular layer and a picture of the temperature field.METHODS. The equations of the mathematical model are based on the laws of conservation of energy and mass, their study and evaluation are carried out using analytical methods of the theory of differential equations, methods of similarity theory and dimensions, as well as numerical methods for solving boundary value problems. results. In the course of the study, the dependences of the distance at which the set air temperature in the reactor is reached at different values of mass air flow, linear heat flux density and the heat capacity of the mixture were obtained. conclusion. The conducted studies have allowed us to obtain a mathematical model for calculating the temperature field in an annular porous layer under infinite heating in an downhole reactor. The results obtained showed that with an increase in the mass flow rate and the heat capacity of the medium, the distance at which the set air temperature in the reactor is reached increases by 1.6 and 1.5 times, respectively, over the entire temperature range, and with an increase in the linear density of the heat flux, this distance decreases by 0.6 times.