Oil Research Institute Research Articles

PENGARUH APLIKASI ASAP CAIR CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT PADA TANDAN BUAH SEGAR TERHADAP KUALITAS MUTU CPO (CRUDE PALM OIL)

The results showed that liquid smoke grade 2 of palm oil shells were able to reduce the content of free fatty acids in crude palm oil. The results of the best free fatty acid levels found in the sample of the spray treatment method decreased by 0.38% and the combination decreased by 0.52%, the results obtained were greatly decreased and met the Indonesian National Standard 01-2901-2006. The water content and dirt content produced are still very high, the lowest average water content is obtained by sample B2 with a result of 0.94% and the highest average result is obtained by sample A, which is 0.99% and the result of dirt content with an average result The lowest average was obtained by sample B with a result of 1.38% and the highest average result was obtained by sample B2 with an average result of 4.2%. The results of high water content and dirt content were caused by obtaining crude palm oil by pressing using a manual tool with a cloth so the results obtained did not meet the Indonesian National Standard 01-2901-2006, namely 0.5%. Then the results of DOBI levels (Deterioritation Of Bleachability Index) were obtained with the lowest result of 2.56 from the results of sample B1 and the highest result of 2.25 ppm from the results of B3, if it is associated with the quality of the oil obtained is still not sufficient, it is still not meeting the standards set. determined by PORIM (Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia) which is 2.36 – 3.24. For the level of carotene produced, it is still not enough, namely, the lowest average result is 4.26 ppm from sample B3 and the highest average result is obtained by sample A, which is 488 ppm, so it still does not meet the quality standards of carotene parameters according to Palm Oil Refiners. Association of Malaysia (PORAM) which is 500 - 700 ppm.

Assessment of power generation potential from the cofiring of Elaeis Guineensis Residues with coal pellets in a popular Nigerian palm oil research institute

ABSTRACT The effect of cofiring elaeis guineensis residues with coal pellets for power generation was investigated. Samples of elaeis guineensis residues (palm kernel shell (PKS), palm fiber (PF) and empty fruit bunch (EFB)), and coal were collected and pulverized. The pellets were thereafter produced mechanically, using an optimized mixing ratio of 80:20. Coal palm kernel shell (CPKS), coal palm fiber (CPF), coal empty fruit bunch (CEFB), and coal (C) pellets were thereafter produced and characterized in accordance with the ASTM standard. Results obtained show that the caloric values of CPKS, CPF, CEFB, and C pellet were 28033 kJ/kg, 27695 kJ/kg, 27687 kJ/kg and 22021 kJ/kg, respectively. While the % ash was 11.15%, 12.97%, 12.75%, 14.89%; % sulfur was 0.7%, 0.71%, 0.73% and 0.76% for CPKS, CPF, CEFB, and C, respectively. Four case scenarios; A (raw biomass without power generation), B (raw biomass with power generation), C (raw biomass converted to pellets) and D (raw biomass blended with coal pellets) were compared. Case D was found to have the highest power generation potential and energy utilization efficiency of 3.378 MW and 84.43%, respectively. Cofiring of elaeis guineensis residues with the coal pellets, reduced percentage ash and sulfur contents of combusted pure coal.

Isolasi dan Uji Bakteri Lipolitik dalam Mendegradasi Minyak Pada Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit di Kebun Marihat, Pematang Siantar

Research on isolation and testing of lipolityc bacteria in oli degradation of palm oil mill efluent (POME) at Marihat, Pematang Siantar. This research was conduteted at the Bioproses Laboratory, Palm Oil Research Institute, Medan. The purpose of this study was to obtain lipolytic bacterial isolates and determine the ability of these lipolytic bacteria to degrade oil. Isolation of bacteria using a selective medium lipolytic. Data of the analysis that were 8 isolates of lipolytic bacteria in pallm oil mill effluent and the potential to degrade oil with index activity of lipolytic isolates. The higgest lipolityc isolate index with code BL-1 is 2,78, and the lowest lipolytic index BL-8 is 1,40.

PENGAMATAN FENOLOGI PADA DELAPAN VARIETAS KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MENGGUNAKAN KONSEP THERMAL UNIT

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman bergantung pada pengaruh kondisi lingkungan (termasuk di dalamnya suhu udara). Pengaruh kondisi lingkungan terhadap periode fase-fase perkembangan tanaman dikenal dengan istilah fenologi. Konsep umum yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu terhadap kondisi fenologi secara kuantitatif adalah thermal units. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati karakter fenologi perkembangan tandan buah segar pada delapan varietas yang dirilis Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) berdasarkan konsep thermal units. Penelitian ini juga membahas implikasi dari karakteristik masing-masing varietas terhadap pemilihan varietas kelapa sawit spesifik lokasi agroklimat. Penelitian dilakukan di Demonstrasi Plot (Demplot) Varietas Kebun Benih Adolina PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara dengan ketinggian 10 mdpl pada 11 September 2014 – 30 Juni 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemunculan daun pertama hingga tandan siap dipanen pada varietas DxP Avros, DyP Dumpy, DxP LaMe, DxP Langkat, DxP PPKS 540, DxP PPKS 718, DxP Simalungun serta DxP Yangambi memerlukan jumlah thermal units (oC hari) dan durasi (hari) berturut-turut adalah 5.785 dan 457; 5.756 dan 454; 6.050 dan 476; 5.903 dan 467; 5.775 dan 452; 6.164 dan 484; 6.105 dan 478; serta 6.084 dan 479. Varietas DxP PPKS 540 cenderung lebih sesuai untuk digunakan pada wilayah dengan kondisi suhu rata-rata harian yang rendah (18-23oC). Pada wilayah dengan suhu rata-rata 24-32oC, semua varietas kelapa sawit yang dirilis PPKS akan dapat tumbuh dengan optimal. Sementara itu, khusus untuk wilayah dengan suhu rata-rata 30-32oC, sebaiknya dipilih varietas yang memiliki potensi jumlah tandan yang lebih banyak seperti DxP Avros, DxP LaMe, DxP Langkat, DxP PPKS 540, DxP Simalungun dan DxP Yangambi.

2012 Cushman Award to Khadyzhat M. Saidova

Professor Khadyzhat Magome-dovna Saidova received the Joseph A. Cushman Award for Excellence in Foraminiferal Research on November 6, 2012, during the Cushman Foundation reception at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Charlotte, North Carolina. This award recognizes her major contributions to understanding the taxonomy and distribution of modern foraminifera during a long and continuing career that started in the 1950s. Professor Saidova received her first degree in 1949 from the Moscow Oil Institute and was then employed for three years as a structural geologist by the Russian Gas and Oil Research Institute. During the long field seasons (from May to October), she led geological mapping parties in the Dagestan and Chechen regions of the Caucasus Mountains. In order to discriminate Cretaceous strata, she collected rock samples from various facies, mainly sandstones, and identified foraminifera, thereby initiating her interest in these protists. She was puzzled by facial changes in synchronous fossil assemblages and this led her to shift her attention to modern foraminifera. In 1952, she started work on her Ph.D. at the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. The topic of her thesis, completed in 1956, …

COLOR VISION SYSTEM FOR RIPENESS INSPECTION OF OIL PALM ELAEIS GUINEENSIS

In checking harvesting discipline and quality control for oil palm fruits, color has presumably been an important guide to whether the oil content has reached a maximum where the fruit bunch is ready for cutting. However, establishing a single and harmonious standard base on color is a very contentious issue in the oil palm industry because of the subjective nature of the human vision of color. This was further complicated due to the lack of information on fruit color upon which to base a definite ripeness criterion. We demonstrated in this paper that this problem can be solved using machine vision technology. Methods used were to treat color in HSI (Hue, Saturation and Intensity) color space and applied multivariate discriminant analysis. These have proven to be highly effective for color evaluation and image processing. The vision system was trained to classify oil palms into four quality grades according to PORIM (Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia) inspection standards. These are the unripe, the underripe, the optimally ripe and the overripe classes. Depending upon the quality feature evaluated, misclassification by the vision system varied from 5 to 12% but averaged at about 8%. Machine vision disagreement ranged from 2 to 19%. L'industrie du palmier a huile utilise l'inspection visuelle de fruits pour definir le stade de maturite approprie pour la production d'huile. Cette etude a pour but de developper un systeme d'inspection assiste par ordinateur pour classifier les fruits du palmier a huile en quatre categories selon leur couleur: non mur, pas assez mur, bien mur et trop mur. Les erreurs de classification du systeme evalue varient de 5 a 12%.

Stepwise Discriminant Analysis for Colour Grading of Oil Palm Using Machine Vision System

The quality feature of an ordinary Elgaeis guineensis oil palm was quantified using a computer vision model in order to inspect and grade the oil palm fresh fruit bunches by an automated production system. The feature considered was colour, and the inspection criteria were based on the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia. The relationship between oil contents and colour was explored in HSI (Hue, Saturation and Intensity) domain for ripeness determination. Image analysis using Wilk's A and discrimination analyses were developed to inspect oil palm by four major classes: the unripe, the underripe, the ripe and the overripe. Over 400 samples were inspected from which the vision system was able to correctly classify oil palm at a greater than 90% success rate. Colour analysis was adversely affected by oil palms whose discriminant scores were located near the discrimination boundaries, and this contributed to the misclassification error. However, the misclassfication rates of vision system were consistently lower compared to human inspectors, implying that the inspection system developed has a great potential to assist humans for automated oil palm grading.

The influence of fish, meat and polyunsaturated fat intakes on platelet phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids in male Melbourne Chinese and Caucasian.

The aims of this study were to investigate (1) platelet phospholipid (PL) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition in subjects who were the Melbourne Chinese migrants, compared with those who were the Melbourne Caucasians and (2) the relationship between platelet PL PUFA and intake of fish, meat and PUFA. Cross-sectional comparison of the Melbourne Chinese and Caucasians. Free-living male subjects. Ninety-seven Melbourne Chinese migrants and 78 Melbourne Caucasians who were recruited in Melbourne. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The platelet PUFA was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. The Melbourne Chinese had significantly higher proportions of platelet PL 20:5n-3 (P=0.006), 22:6n-3 (P<0.0001), total n-3 (P=0.027) and 22:5n-6 (P=0.0002), and a significantly higher intake of fish (P=0.012) and white meat (P=0.0045) compared with the Melbourne Caucasians. In addition, the Melbourne Chinese had significantly lower proportions of 20:3n-6 (P=0.023), 20:4n-6 (P<0.002), 22:4n-6 (P<0.0001), total n-6 (P=0.037), 22:5n-3 (P<0.0001) and ratio of n-6/n-3 (P=0.011), and a significantly lower intake of red and total meat (P<0.0001) than the Melbourne Caucasians. Fish consumption was significantly positively correlated with platelet PL 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, and significantly negatively correlated with 22:5n-3 (P<0.05). Meat consumption was significantly positively correlated with 22:5n-3 and significantly negatively correlated with 22:5n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (P<0.05). Dietary PUFA intake was significantly positively correlated with 20:3n-6, 22:4n-6 and 22:5n-3, and significantly negatively correlated with 22:5n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (P<0.05). Compared with Caucasians, the Melbourne Chinese had a significantly higher level of platelet PL n-3 PUFA, which might contribute to the low CVD mortality in this population. Platelet PL 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were significantly positively correlated with fish intake, and negatively significantly correlated with dietary intake of meat and PUFA, while 22:5n-3 was significantly positively correlated with dietary meat and PUFA intake, and significantly negatively correlated with fish intake. Dietary intake of PUFA and fish are potential confounding factors for assessing the effects of meat consumption on platelet PL individual PUFA. Dietary intake of PUFA and meat did not influence the incorporation of fish long chain n-3 PUFA to platelet PL in this study population. Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Meat Research Corporation Australia.

New polyester acrylate resins from palm oil for wood coating application

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of palm oil and to prepare new UV (ultraviolet) radiation-curable acrylated polyester prepolymers, which could be used in the wood coating industry. Thus, palm oil-based acrylated polyester resins PEPP-1 (from refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil) and PEPP-2 (from crude palm oil) were synthesized at the Advanced Oleochemical Technology Centre (AOTC) laboratory of Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM). The performances of these resins with respect to their curing rate and physical-mechanical properties of cured products under UV radiation were studied. It can be concluded that newly synthesized UV radiation-curable polyester acrylated prepolymers (palm oil based), namely PEPP-1 and PEPP-2, can be used as radiation curable coating materials for wood coating applications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2156–2163, 2001

Screening for lipase activity in the oil palm

The oil palm mesocarp contains an endogenous lipase which is strongly activated at low temperature. Lipase activity is thus very conveniently assayed by prior exposure of the fruits to low temperature. More than 100 oil palm samples from the germplasm collection of the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (now known as the Malaysian Palm Oil Board) were screened for non-esterified fatty acid activity using both the low-temperature activation assay and a radioactivity assay. The results showed good correlation between assay procedures. The different samples had a very wide range of lipase activity. Elaeis oleifera samples had significantly lower lipase activity compared with E. guineensis (var. tenera) samples. Even within E. guineensis (var. tenera), there was a wide range of activity. The results confirmed that lipase activity is genotype-dependent. Selection for lipase genotypes is thus possible and this will have obvious commercial value.

Comparison of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated oils in continuous frying

Some work carried out by the Turbitak Marmara Research Centre and the Yildiz Technical University in Istanbul, in collaboration with the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, involved large scale laboratory frying trials of two monounsaturated oils (olive oil and palm olein) and two polyunsaturated oils (sunflower and soyabean) on potato chips (French fries). The oils were tested in parallel in separate 6-litre fryers on five consecutive days of eight hours and 14 batches of 150g potatoes each. At the end of each day the fryers were cleared of any sediment and topped up with fresh oil (about 250g). The performance of the oils was assessed by 11 physical and chemical tests viz. colour, smoke-point, foam height, free fatty acid content, fatty acid composition, iodine value, peroxide value, anisidine value, totox, polymer content and polar compounds. The monounsaturated oils scored higher in most tests and were clearly superior but in some tests such as colour and FFA the polyunsaturated oils scored higher. Single, simple tests as practised in many commercial establishments can be misleading and multiple tests need careful interpretation. The shelf-life of the chips was not assessed as this food is normally eaten within a short time of preparation. But the tests indicate that fried products intended for longer storage and wide distribution, will have a better shelf-life if fried in monounsaturated oils.

Dietary Fat in Developing Countries

The authors are members of IUNS Committee I/4. Joyce BeareRogers is a nutri t ion consultant in Nepean, Canada. Ghafoorunissa is affiliated with the National Institute of Nutrition in Hypeiabad, India. Onno Korver is with Unilever Research in Vlaardingen, Netherlands. Gerard Rocquelin is affiliated with the Tropical Nutrition Unit of ORSTOM in Montpellier, France. Kalayan Sundram is with the Palm Oil Research Institute of h4alaysIa in Kuala Lumpur. Ricardo Uauy is the director of the Institute of Nutrition and Food Chemistry in the University of Chile in Santiago. Mention of the names of firms and cominercial products does not iiiiply endorsement by the United Nations University. Introduction

マレイシア国の紙パルプ産業とオイルパーム副産物の利用

The production of palm oil in Malaysia is rapidly increasing and attained to 430 million tons in 1985. Our institute are co-operating with Palm Oil Research Institute, Malaysia (PORIM) to utilize oil-palm residue, especially fronds, for the material of pulp and paper. The authers visited PORIM to conduct the research on pulping of oil-palm residue in August, 1988. This review is concerning information of pulp and paper industries in Malaysia, and of pulping method which have been obtained through our joint research for three years.

Present and Future of Malaysian Palm Oil Industry

AbstractThe wisdom of the Malaysian Government in diversifying into the cultivation of oil palm has provide the impetus for the growth of the palm oil industry. The total hectarage rose from a mere 55000 tonnes in 1960 to 1.46 million in 1985, an increase of 20‐fold in two decades. Further downstream activities such as refining of palm oil in mid 70′s and oleochemicals production in the early 80′s have expanded the product mix of the industry. Today the country produces more than 4.0 million tonnes of crude palm oil and has a share of 68 % of the world total palm oil exports. The establishment of Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM) in 1979 to cater for research and development and the market development aspects of the industry has put Malaysia as the world leader in this area. The use of palm oil methyl ester (or palm diesel) as a renewable fuel and the future of the palm oil industry are dealt with briefly.

マレーシア国におけるオイルパーム廃残物の紙パルプ工業への利用研究とその背景

Malaysia enjoys an international reputation of rapid expansion with its oil palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq.) industry, reaching 1.36 million hectare of oil palm planted area in 1984 and is now attaching great importance to R & D on economical utilization of oil palm wastes.It is because palm oil occupies only about 17 wt% of overall biomass produced by the plant. The wastes consist of palm trunks, fronds, empty fruit bunches, press fruit fibers, shells and palni oil mill, effluent. Among them the first three by-products are considered to be the most promising starting materials for pulp and paper industry because of their easy collection, nonseasonal availability and sources for comparatively good fibers. The successful history and oil palm industry in Malaysia and the botany of the palm as well as the, research activity of Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia were also reviewed.

Problems in the bulk handling and transport of edible oils

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' SocietyVolume 60, Issue 2Part2 p. 469-470 Volunteer Papers Problems in the bulk handling and transport of edible oils K. G. Berger, K. G. Berger Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Tingkat 18, Angkasa Raya, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Maclellan, M. Maclellan Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Tingkat 18, Angkasa Raya, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorW. L. Leong, W. L. Leong Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Tingkat 18, Angkasa Raya, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this author K. G. Berger, K. G. Berger Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Tingkat 18, Angkasa Raya, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Maclellan, M. Maclellan Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Tingkat 18, Angkasa Raya, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorW. L. Leong, W. L. Leong Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Tingkat 18, Angkasa Raya, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 1983 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02543547Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume60, Issue2Part2February 1983Pages 469-470 RelatedInformation