Lavender Oil Research Articles

Drosophila melanogaster as a model for studies related to the toxicity of lavender, ginger and copaiba essential oils.

This study addresses the current trend of essential oils in alternative medicine using the non-chordate model Drosophila melanogaster. Following the three R's principles, it proposes non-chordate models to fill knowledge gaps on essential oil toxicity. Copaiba, lavender, and ginger essential oils are evaluated for effects on D. melanogaster lifespan, climbing ability, and brain structure, while their anti-inflammatory properties are also analyzed. Results show dose-related differences: higher concentrations (0.25% v/v) cause brain deterioration and impaired climbing, while lower concentrations (0.0625% v/v for copaiba and ginger; 0.125% for lavender) have no effect on climbing or brain structure. Lavender oil significantly extends lifespan and maintains anti-inflammatory activity when ingested, underscoring its therapeutic potential. These findings highlight the importance of D. melanogaster as a model for studying essential oil properties, potentially replacing chordate models. In addition, this research advances alternative remedies for currently incurable diseases, with lavender oil emerging as a promising candidate for drug discovery.

Efficacy of Some Essential Oil for the Management of Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) on Stored Wheat

The experiment was conducted in Completely Block Design (CRD) at the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Naini Agriculture Institute Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh with three replications seven treatments and untreated control against Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) i.e.T1 (Neem Oil), T2 (Clove Oil), T3 (Lavender Oil), T4 (Karanj Oil), T5 (Eucalyptus oil), T6 (Lemongrass Oil), and T7 (Tea tree Oil) and T0 (control). The experiment was conduct on the efficacy of different essential oil for the management of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae and adult mortality at 24, 48 and 72 hrs of exposure. The treatments included Neem Oil (0.5ml/lit), Clove Oil (0.5ml/lit), Lavender Oil (0.4ml/lit), Karanja Oil (0.4ml/lit), Eucalyptus Oil (0.5ml/lit), Lemon grass Oil (0.5ml/lit) and Tea tree Oil (0.5ml/lit). Among the treatments the largest number of mortality was observed in neem oil (83.33%), followed by karanj oil (77.77%), and least mortality was observed in the lavender oil (31.11%), rest of the treatments were found intermediate as followed by clove oil (67.77%), followed by eucalyptus oil (57.77%), followed by lemon grass oil (54.44%) and tea tree oil (51.10%). Percent weight loss of treated wheat grains at intervals of 30, 60 and 90 days after treatment. The results revealed that neem oil (7.32%), followed by karanj oil (11.99%). Least weight loss was recorded in lavender oil (41.06%). Whereas rest of treatments were found intermediate. And the highest germination was found in neem oil treated wheat seeds. The present study clearly revealed that these naturally occurring indigenous plant products could be used to manage the storage insect pests in wheat.

Application of Lavender and Rosemary Essential Oils (EOs), Their Mixture and Eucalyptol (EOs Main Compound) on Cucumber Fruit Quality Attributes and Microbial Load

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), one of the most widely consumed vegetables, presents high perishability during storage and marketing if it is not handled and stored properly. Currently, there is an increased interest of the food industry to reduce waste (due to quality losses) and to utilize natural products for the preservation of fresh commodities. This study’s goal was to evaluate the effects of lavender (Lav) and rosemary (Ros) essential oils (EOs), their mixture (Lav + Ros, 1:1 v/v) and their main compound (eucalyptol) via vapor phase on cucumber’s postharvest quality. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that 200 μL/L of Lav and Ros EOs increased the respiration rate of cucumbers after 10 days of storage at 11 °C, while 100 μL/L of the EOs mixture and Eucalyptol (100 and 200 μL/L) had no effect on respiration, on the same day. The application of Eucalyptol (100 and 200 μL/L) resulted in less acceptable fruits (less pleasant aroma and unpleasant taste). A decrease in fruit firmness was found in cucumbers exposed to Lav 200 μL/L and Ros 100 μL/L. Interestingly, Eucalyptol was found to accelerate the fruit ripening index after five days of storage, and to decrease organoleptic properties of the fruit (i.e., aroma, taste) on the fifth day of storage. The fruit revealed increased oxidative stress (i.e., increased lipid peroxidation), especially at a high concentration (200 μL/L) of Eucalyptol after 10 days. This has resulted in the activation of other non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms such as the increase in fruit ascorbic acid content. Notably, no effects on fruit weight loss, total soluble solids and color were observed with the examined treatments. Overall, this study suggests that the investigated products (EOs and their main compound) have a putative role in postharvest storage for the preservation of cucumbers. However, further investigation is needed for the determination of the optimum application conditions (i.e., concentration, time and method of application) on cucumbers and other fresh produce.

Determining the structure and stability of essential oil‐sunflower wax and beeswax oleogels

AbstractIn this study, essential oil oleogels were produced using eucalyptus, lavender, lemon peel and tea tree oils with sunflower and beeswax. The physicochemical, thermal, textural, and structural features of the oleogels were determined. For the essential oils used, an addition level of less than 15% of beeswax (BW) was insufficient to form stable oleogels, whereas an addition level of 10% of sunflower wax (SW) was sufficient to form stable oleogels. The acid and peroxide values of the gels were higher than those of the oils. All of the oleogels exhibited peaks around 3.70 and 4.10, indicating the presence of β' polymorphic forms. The hardness and stickiness values of the oleogels were influenced by the type and level of wax addition, as well as the viscosity of the oil used. Based on the thermal analysis results, the oleogels based on beeswax exhibited lower melting properties compared to those based on sunflower wax. The thermogravimetric data indicated that the polymeric matrices formed by the waxes, which depended on the type and level of wax addition, affected the vaporization of the volatiles. In conclusion, oleogels represent a green and sustainable approach for reducing the loss of volatile or bioactive compounds from various essential oils, which are widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

Antioxidation and anti-inflammatory activities of blended essential oil

The mixtures of essential oils are increasing popularly in holistic medicine. The different ratios of oil components in the preparation can result in different health benefits. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a mixture of essential oil formulation having promising bioactivities for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The five popular essential oils including vetiver oil, lavender oil, eucalyptus oil, lemongrass oil, and phlai oil were selected for blended formulation. The selected oils were mixed in a suitable ratio and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging, respectively. The prepared blended essential oil formulation had clear yellow-pale color and good smell. The blended oil showed good antioxidative activity by acting as a hydrogen donator. However, the blended oil presents mild anti-inflammatory activity via NO quenching action. The results of this study exposed that the developed blended essential oil formulation has promising properties to be used as a natural antioxidant as well as an anti-inflammatory agent in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.

Penerapan Aromaterapi Lavender Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea Di RSUD Kardinah Tegal

Sectio is a surgical operation to help pregnant women give birth by making an incision in the abdominal wall (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterectomy). Compared with regular births, which only cause about 9% more suffering, births by cesarean section cause about 27.3% more pain. Pharmacology and non-pharmacology can be used together to treat pain. Within 24 hours after a caesarean section, patients can experience a five times greater reduction in pain thanks to lavender aromatherapy. There are no risks associated with using the main active components of lavender oil, linalyl acetate, and linalool, which may provide a calming effect. When lavender aromatherapy is inhaled, the compounds it contains trigger the hypothalamus to produce endorphins which can calm and soothe. Lavender aromatherapy also has properties that make it antibacterial, analgesic, antidepressant and antispasmodic. By offering and using lavender aromatherapy, this research approach is descriptive and takes the form of a case report. The aim of this research is to determine whether the use of lavender aromatherapy can help patients after giving birth by caesarean section reduce their discomfort. After receiving lavender aromatherapy, the research findings changed from a scale of 7 to 3. Research findings show that the use of lavender aromatherapy can help postpartum patients undergoing cesarean section reduce their discomfort.

A new type of laboratory microdevice for distillation of lavender and herb raw materials

Abstract. Bulgaria is known for its essential oils and medicinal plants, which occupy increasing parts in the agricultural areas. In recent years, the boom in lavender production has made our country the largest producer of lavender oil in the world. This intensified the scientific work with it and led to the creation of new lavender varieties and lines that are used in production. All research and tests on an industrial scale go through the laboratory distillation of small amounts of plant material to determine the quantity and quality of essential oil. In laboratory practice, micro-apparatus for water distillation is widely used, which does not reflect the real results for the yield and quality of the product. This necessitated the creation of a new laboratory device for determining the content of essential oil in raw materials with labile (rich in esters) oil by the application of steam distillation. The design of this apparatus mirrors industrial installations, thus the results it produces accurately simulate those of industrial production. Tests with herbal raw materials, like Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Salva sclarea L. and Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don showed that the model is effective and applicable. The oils obtained by the new apparatus retained an ester content of 40.2%, 75.0% and 4.8%, respectively; these figures represent a significant improvement over previous methods.

Biological Activity of Natural Formulation with Propolis, Lavender and Thyme Oil on Candida Species

Objective: Candida strains have been frequently associated with nosocomial infections in recent years. On the other hand, public prefer natural resources rather than synthetic materials. Therefore, it is important to research combine effects of natural products. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal and antibiofilm effectiveness of essential oils and propolis containing samples on Candida species and the toxicity of samples.
 Material-Method: Three different samples were prepared with propolis, lavender oil and thyme oil. Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) GC/MS was used for the determination of organic compounds in samples. The antifungal effects of a natural product mix were tested against C. albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis by disk diffusion method. MIC and MFC tests of the mixture were performed against a standard such as Nystatin. Antibiofilm tests were performed with the microplate system, taking into account the detected concentrations. Finally, in the cytotoxicity test investigated in the L929 cell line with the WST-1 kit.
 Results: C. albicans was determined as the most sensitive species (MIC50: 90 ppm, MIC90: 750 ppm MFC: 3120 ppm). In the antibiofilm tests, it was determined that the sample was more effective on C. albicans and it inhibited biofilm formation. Also it was determined the IC50 value was 5052 ppm.
 Conclusion: The natural product mixture, which has scientifically proven antifungal effect, has a feature that has high added value and contributes to the economy. But of course, it has to investigate by further studies. The findings of this study may lead to new therapeutic approaches with standardized natural products in the future.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of lavender oil in experimentally induced thrombosis

BackgroundLavender oil (LO) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, sedative, cardio-protective, and antinociceptive properties. Thrombosis and inflammation are interplayed processes that interact and influence one another. Our research compared three routes of administration to assess the efficacy of pretreatment with LO on carrageenan-induced thrombosis in rat tail.Materials and methodsWistar-Bratislava white rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each and pretreated 3 consecutive days prior the inducement of thrombosis to with one dose of LO (150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)): per os by gavage (TLOPO group), intraperitoneal (TIPLO group) and subcutaneous (TSCLO group). We also have a control (C, received saline solution 0.9% and DMSO (vehicle) 1 ml intraperitoneal (i.p.)) group and a group with thrombosis (T group, received saline solution 0.9% plus vehicle 1 ml i.p.). Histopathological examinations were conducted together with measurements of the circulating levels of three oxidative stress markers, antioxidant effect (TAC and THIOL), and three proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, RANTES, and MCP-1).ResultsWhen administered intraperitoneally, lavender oil has the best efficacy on circulating levels of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, NOx, TOS), one oxidative stress marker (THIOL), and all studied proinflammatory cytokines (p-values < 0.02). Moreover, TIPLO displayed the closest values for bleeding and clotting time to the C group, as well as the lowest length of the thrombus than the T, TPOLO, and TSCLO groups (p-values < 0.001). The TIPLO group has histological appearance comparable to the C group, with the exception of the presence of oedema.ConclusionsLavender oil pretreatment with intraperitoneal administration as three days, one-dose per day, showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy in experimentally induced thrombosis.

Efektivitas Aromaterapi terhadap Kualitas Tidur dan Kecemasan

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy on sleep quality and anxiety in elderly adult population patients. The method used is a systematic review related to the management of sleep disorders and anxiety with aromatherapy. The results showed that aromatherapy given by inhalation and massage methods with lavender, rosa damascene, chamomile and neroli essential oils for at least three nights and a maximum of thirty days was considered to have an effect on sleep quality and anxiety. Conclusion, aromatherapy is effective in improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety. &#x0D; Keywords: Anxiety, Aromatherapy, Sleep Quality

Preparation of Emulsions of some Vegetable Oils and Evaluation of Their Effectiveness in Inhibiting Pathogenic Fungus Didymella bryoniae

Five pathogenic fungi were isolated from the infected melon/Cucumis melo, Cucumber/Cucumis sativus, Watermelon/Citrullus lanatus and Squash/Cucurbita pepo with gum stem blight disease. The fungi identified to the species level by the nucleotide sequence analysis method for the ITS region within the 5.8SrRNA gene as Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-16, S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-17, S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-18, S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-19 and S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-19 and S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-20 then registered in the World Genetic Bank at the NCBI website under the accession numbers OP247683.1, OP247685.1, OP247686.1, OP247709.1 and OP247707.1, respectively. The physical and antagonistic properties of five types of emulsions produced from lavender, thyme, cinnamon and cloves oils with surfactants Inex A and Spam 80 were studied. The results showed a decrease in the surface tension of all emulsions produced from these oils with both surfactants. Increasing the temperature to 40°C led to a more decrease in the surface tension compared to 20°C. The lowest surface tension values for emulsions produced from clove, thyme and cinnamon oils with the Index A (1:6;oil:Inex A) at 40°C, the surface tension reached to 11.98, 13.22 and 14.17 Dyne/cm, respectively. The stability of all emulsions resulting from the studied oils increased with an increase in the ratios of the Inex A and Span 80, the highest stability was reached by decreasing the separation layer when emulsions of thyme and lavender oils with Inex A at a ratio of 1:6 at 20°C, which reached 0.61 and 0.66 cm, respectively. All emulsions consisting of oils and surfactants inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungus D. bryoniae, the highest inhibition zones were 1.9, 1.8, 1.7 and 1.6 cm for emulsions resulting from clove, cinnamon, thyme and lavender oils with Inex A at a ratio of 1:4 at a 20°C, respectively.

Assessment of the effect of aromatherapy with lavender and chamomile essential oils on postadenotonsillectomy pain in paediatric patients: double blind, randomised clinical trial

IntroductionPain is the major postoperative complication in paediatric patients underwent an adenotonsillectomy surgery that might increase morbidity in these patients. The objective of the present study was the assessment of the effect of aromatherapy with lavender and chamomile essential oils as a noninvasive method on postadenotonsillectomy pain in paediatric patients. MethodsIn this randomised, double-blinded clinical trial 144 patients were included and equally allocated to four groups (36 patients in each group). After adenotonsillectomy surgery, all patients received acetaminophen (10–15 mg/kg/dose, orally) every 6 hours to relieve pain. The patients of groups A, B, C, and D also inhaled lavender essential oil 1%, chamomile essential oil 1%, a combination of lavender and chamomile essential oil 1%, and distilled water along with acetaminophen. The pain intensity was assessed by a visual analogue scale. Also, the frequency of daily use of acetaminophen was recorded for each patient for 3 days after surgery. Finally, the mean values of variables were compared statistically using SPSS 16.0 software. ResultsOur results showed that aromatherapy with lavender and chamomile essential oils reduced the pain intensity, but the difference between study groups was not statistically significant. Furthermore, aromatherapy could significantly reduce the frequency of daily use of acetaminophen. Discussion/ConclusionsAromatherapy is considered a useful, noninvasive, alternative method to reduce the number of required analgesics and pain intensity after adenotonsillectomy surgery.

Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in Early Palliative Care for Oncology Patients: Blind Controlled Study.

Palliative care is the active holistic treatment of people of all ages who have serious health-related suffering as a result of severe illness, and especially of those who are close to the end of life. Palliative care is provided to cancer patients who experience serious suffering that cannot be relieved without professional intervention and that compromises physical, social, spiritual, and emotional functioning. A straightforward, low-risk, and affordable palliative care approach may be provided through aromatherapy, a type of complementary and alternative medicine. The study objective is to assess the comparative effectiveness of massage, aromatherapy massage, and massage combined with aromatherapy inhalation on cancer patients receiving palliative care. A total of 100 participants who were divided into four groups at random. The first group, designated as the control group, received standard hospital nursing care, the second group received massage only (using the odorless almond carrier oil), the third group received massage with lavender oil, and the fourth group received combined (inhalation and massage) aromatherapy. The Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL), given two weeks after aromatherapy, was used to examine participants' perspectives of care. On the RSCL, combined aromatherapy performed best. In terms of reported physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, and activities, there were statistically significant differences between the scores of the control group and each of the experimental groups. Nonetheless, the total quality of life score showed no significant difference between the control group and the massage only group (t = 0.529, p = 0.60). When paired with aromatherapy inhalation, massage has a positive effect on physical, psychological symptoms, activities, and overall quality of life for cancer patients receiving early palliative care. Nurses and other healthcare providers are recommended to support programs that provide message therapy to reduce reported bodily symptoms, psychological problems, and limited activities among cancer patients.

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Gentamicin in Combination with Essential Oils Isolated from Different Cultivars and Morphological Parts of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) against Selected Bacterial Strains.

The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of essential oils isolated from different cultivars and morphological parts of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) in combination with the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin. This in vitro study analyzed the effectiveness of the combinations of gentamicin and lavender essential oils against the following strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The effect of the combination of lavender oils with gentamicin was tested using the checkerboard method. A synergistic effect against S. aureus strain ATCC 25923 was found when gentamicin was combined with lavender essential oils isolated from flowers and leafy stalks (flowers: 'Blue River' FICI-0.192; 'Ellagance Purple' FICI-0.288; leafy stalks: 'Blue River' FICI-0.192; 'Ellagance Purple' FICI-0.320). A synergistic effect was also observed for the combination of gentamicin with lavender essential oils from flowers against the resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA) ('Blue River' FICI-0,191; 'Ellagance Purple' FICI-0.263), as well as for the essential oils from leafy stalks ('Blue River' FICI-0.076; 'Ellagance Purple' FICI-0.089). No interaction was observed for the combination of studied essential oils with gentamicin against P. aeruginosa strain ATCC 9027 (FICI = 1.083-1.300).

Botanical characterization and authentication of lavender essential oil using its volatile organic compounds and compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope ratio analysis

The determination of authenticity and provenance is one of the main issues in high-value natural products such as lavender (L. angustifolia) essential oil. Due to their high value, natural products are often totally or partially substituted with cheaper alternatives. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately characterize the composition of lavender essential oil and its related species, particularly lavandin (L. intermedia) essential oil, which is frequently used as an adulterant. In this study, we analyzed the most distinctive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their relative compound-specific stable carbon and hydrogen (δ13C and δ2H) isotope ratios in lavender, lavandin, and commercial lavender essential oil samples using fast GC-MS/MS and GC-IRMS methods and sparse Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) to classify and verify their botanical origin. For the first time, concentration ranges for 79 VOCs and the δ13C and δ2H values in 32 VOCs were used to characterize lavender essential oils. sPLS-DA models with either VOCs, δ13C and δ2H, or in combination successfully classify lavender and lavandin with 100% accuracy. VOCs such as camphor, borneol, eucalyptol, α-bisabolol, and α-pinene were found to be the most important variables for differentiating lavender oil from lavandin. Similarly, δ13C in camphor, eucalyptol, trans-β-ocimene and 3-octanone, and δ2H in α-terpineol and trans-β-ocimene and 3-octanone also differentiated lavender and lavandin oil. In addition, we demonstrated that compound-specific δ13C and δ2H detected the adulteration of natural lavender or lavandin oil if more than 15% of linalool, linalyl acetate, eucalyptol, and α-terpineol were of synthetic origin. These preliminary results with sPLS-DA models suggest that VOCs and compound-specific δ13C and δ2H can be a promising tool for the botanical classification of lavender essential oil and the detection of possible adulteration with synthetic compounds.

Temperature-regulated microcapsules containing lavender essential oil are effective natural insecticide against Sitophilus granaries

In this study, temperature-regulated lavender oil (LavO)-@-nanocellulose (NC) microcapsules (LavO@NCms) were successfully prepared. Their structure, stability, thermolysis, effect of temperature on release performance, toxicity, and repellent activity against Sitophilus granaries were systematically studied. The surface of LavO@NCms had net-like cross-linking patterns with excellent encapsulation efficiency (35.6 – 40.1%). LavO@NCms also demonstrated high thermal stability. The in vitro release performance indicated that LavO@NCms continually released LavO, and the LavO release pattern followed the Weibull model, Fick’s diffusion law, and the case’s (II) transportation principle. LavO@NCms could exert prolonged toxicity against Sitophilus granaries through temperature-regulated release. Thus, LavO@NCms represent a potentially safe natural insecticide.

A colorimetric assay for the detection of monoterpenes in hemp (Cannabis sativa) essential oil

Monoterpenes are the most abundant constituents in hemp essential oil that contribute to its sensory properties and bioactivities. However, monoterpenes are prone to oxidation when exposed to the air under ambient conditions. For quality assurance purpose, there is a need in the industry for rapid testing methods to determine monoterpene contents in hemp products. In this study, a colorimetric indicator assay was developed for rapid determination of monoterpenes in hemp (Cannabis sativa) essential oil. For comparisons, monoterpenes contents in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) essential oils were also determined. The developed assay was based on an indicator solution containing palladium chloride that complexed with pararosaniline hydrochloride dye. Upon the palladium-facilitated oxidation of monoterpenes via the Wacker process, the complex was destabilized, and free pararosaniline molecules were released into the solution, exhibiting an intense magenta color. From ultraviolet–visible and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, the color response rate of the indicator solution was dependent on terpene structure, type of essential oil, terpene loading and the reaction temperature. Fourier transform–infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results showed that the main components in hemp essential oil are myrcene and ocimene, which elicited greater extents of color changes as compared to other monoterpenes (limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene and terpinolene). The colorimetric indicator is potentially useful for rapid assessment of monoterpene oxidation in hemp essential oil and other cannabis-based products.

Antiparasitic activity of medicinal plants against protozoan fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

The parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infests all freshwater fish species and can cause severe economic losses in aquaculture. The present study aims to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of onion (Allium cepa), sage (Salvia officinalis), menthe (Menthe spicata), garlic (Allium sativum), lavender (Lavandula officinalis) and oregano (Origanum onites) essential oils against I. multifiliis trophonts. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses determined these essential oils’ chemical components. The major components were dipropyl disulfide (46.15%) in onion, alpha-thujone (46.80%) in sage, carvone (48.00%) in menthe, diallyl disulfide (32.70%) in garlic, 1,8-cineole (32.65%) in lavender; carvacrol (73.00%) in oregano. I. multifilis trophonts were isolated from infected European catfish’s skin and gill arches (Silurus glanis). Then in vitro, antiparasitic assays obtained those essential oils of sage (0.50 mL L-1), lavender (0.25-, and 0.50-mL L-1), and oregano (0.1, 0.25- and 0.50-mL L-1) have been found as 100% effective against trophonts at the different concentration of after 60 min of exposure, respectively (p&lt;0.05). In addition, onion, menthe, and garlic essential oil had effectiveness with 94%, 94%, and 92% mortalities after 60 min of exposure, respectively. These results suggested that sage, lavender, and oregano essential oils can be eco-friendly in controlling I. multifiliis trophonts.

A Systematic Review: Formulation of Facial Wash Containing Essential Oil

Facial wash is a major need of the community because it is very helpful in removing dirt, dust, dead skin cells, oil, residual cosmetics and provides moisture to the skin. In general, the face wash used by the community is classified as a synthetic product that can damage the skin, one alternative to avoid this by using natural ingredients such as essential oils. Essential oils have many benefits, including as anti-acne, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted regarding the formulation of essential oils as a face wash that can be a reference in future research. The systematic review method was carried out by collecting data from various literature sources obtained from several research journals that have been published both nationally and internationally accredited reviewing face wash cosmetics containing essential oils. Based on the systematic review, it was found that there are several face wash formulations containing essential oils of patchouli oil, tea tree oil, jasmine oil, cinnamon oil, black cumin seed oil, basil oil, ylang-ylang oil, peppermint oil, turmeric oil, lemongrass oil, lavender oil, and tangerine oil.

Anti-cancer activity of lavender oil and Newcastle disease virus on human glioblastoma: an in vitro study

Glioblastoma is one of the most prevalent brain tumors and was the leading cause of cancer death. Since this cancer is an aggressive, incredibly invasive, and neurologically debilitating tumor that does not respond well to chemotherapy, a group of researchers looked at alternative, more efficient therapies. The current study focused on using biological agents and their products (Lavender essential oil and Newcastle disease virus(NDV)) to test their toxicity against the human cerebral glioblastoma (AMGM-5) as a cancer cell model by 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2-) 2.5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay. In brief, the cells were exposed to several concentrations of lavender oil and serial multiplicity of infection (MOI) of NDV for 72 hours. The result shows significantly decreased cell viability treated with lavender oil and NDV in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory concentration that kills 50% of the cells (IC50) of lavender oil was 4.471µg/ml, and the IC50 value of NDV was 0.00473MOI. Also, the morphological study was conducted by the traditional method by using hematoxylin &amp; eosin (H&amp;E) and apoptotic assay by using Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide (AO/EB), the changes are apoptosis and degeneration, as well as cell the emergence of necrotic cells. The compounds of lavender oil were probably responsible for the cytotoxicity of lavender oil. Our results revealed the antagonistic effect of combined essential oil and NDV. Essential oil and NDV have the same toxicity potential for glioblastoma.