Anti-cancer activity of lavender oil and Newcastle disease virus on human glioblastoma: an in vitro study

Abstract

Glioblastoma is one of the most prevalent brain tumors and was the leading cause of cancer death. Since this cancer is an aggressive, incredibly invasive, and neurologically debilitating tumor that does not respond well to chemotherapy, a group of researchers looked at alternative, more efficient therapies. The current study focused on using biological agents and their products (Lavender essential oil and Newcastle disease virus(NDV)) to test their toxicity against the human cerebral glioblastoma (AMGM-5) as a cancer cell model by 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2-) 2.5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay. In brief, the cells were exposed to several concentrations of lavender oil and serial multiplicity of infection (MOI) of NDV for 72 hours. The result shows significantly decreased cell viability treated with lavender oil and NDV in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory concentration that kills 50% of the cells (IC50) of lavender oil was 4.471µg/ml, and the IC50 value of NDV was 0.00473MOI. Also, the morphological study was conducted by the traditional method by using hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and apoptotic assay by using Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide (AO/EB), the changes are apoptosis and degeneration, as well as cell the emergence of necrotic cells. The compounds of lavender oil were probably responsible for the cytotoxicity of lavender oil. Our results revealed the antagonistic effect of combined essential oil and NDV. Essential oil and NDV have the same toxicity potential for glioblastoma.