Oil Hardening Research Articles

AIRKOOL-S

Abstract AIRKOOL-S is a sulfur-bearing air-hardening tool and die steel intermediate in abrasion resistance between the oil hardening and high-carbon high-chromium types. It is recommended for applications which call for toughness and fairly high abrasion resistance along with good machinability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-231. Producer or source: Crucible Materials Corporation.

AISI C1060

Abstract AISI C1060 is a high-carbon water or oil hardening tool and spring steel recommended for heavy machinery parts, shafts, springs and miscellaneous tools requiring strength and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-32. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

AIR HARD

Abstract AIR HARD is an air or oil hardening, high-carbon tool and die steel for minimum distortion after hardening. It is used for blanking and forming dies, rolls, punches, and other such applications where a deep hardening, non-deforming steel with good resistance to wear is desired. (Also furnished in FM-Free Machining type.) This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-207. Producer or source: Teledyne Vasco.

AISI 9262

Abstract AISI 9262 is an alloy spring steel of the oil hardening type. It is also used for tough and shock resistant tool application. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-223. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

Residual Stress and Shape Distortion in High-Strength Tool Steels

AbstractOne of the major problems that has plagued the tool and die maker for many years and more recently has come to the attention of the manufacturer of missiles and high-performance aircraft is the problem of shape distortion which occurs during heat treatment in the high-strength tool and die steels. Not only is shape distortion a problem in the heat treatment and use of these materials, but the origin of shape distortion has been a controversial issue among metallurgists for many years. The quantitative measurement of shape distortion on heat-treated steels is simply carried out hy machining standard shape samples, in this case, an L-shaped sample, and making a measurement of the variation after heat treatment from the 90° of the original 90° angle of the L. It is usually assumed that relief of residual stresses in heat-treated parts will occur by the shape changes which have been described above; however, it has been demonstrated that elastic residual stresses may still be present in heat-treated parts that have been tempered and theoretically should be stress free. By a very straightforward and simple application of the backreflection X-ray diffraction method for residual-stress determination, a very striking relationship has been demonstrated between the shape (angular) distortion of both A2 tool steel (air hardening) and O1 tool steel (oil hardening) and the residualstress pattern of these steels. Conversely, one could presumably utilize residualstress data at changes in cross section to estimate semiquantitatively the amount of shape distortion which occurs in rather complex parts.

HI-QUA-LED 43L40

Abstract HI-QUA-LED 43L40 is a free-machining nickel, chromium, molybdenum alloy steel having high hardenability. It is oil hardening and exhibits combination of high tensile and endurance strengths along with ductility and toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-191. Producer or source: Alco Products Inc., Forge & Spring Division.

BOFORS RT-1733

Abstract BOFORS RT-1733 is an oil hardening, non-deforming tool and die steel. It has a good combination of toughness, wear and abrasion resistance. It is recommended for punches, forming rolls, master tools, blanking dies and cutters. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-174. Producer or source: Aktiebolaget Bofors.

HALGRAPH

Abstract HALGRAPH is an electric furnace melted, oil hardening, graphitic tool steel with excellent non-deforming properties. It is free-machining and has a high resistance to wear. It is non-deforming type steel suitable for use as tools, dies, gauges and parts requiring maximum hardness and freedom from distortion. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-165. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

AISI 8742

Abstract AISI 8742 is a chromium, nickel, molybdenum alloy steel. It is oil hardening, has good hardenability and has desirable toughness. It is recommended for tough, high strength, heavy duty applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-155. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

BETHLEHEM BTR

Abstract BTR is an oil hardening, non-deforming, general purpose tool steel. It has a good combination of abrasion resistance and toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-127. Producer or source: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

AISI C1080

Abstract AISI C1080 is a high carbon, water or oil hardening tool and spring steel having medium hardness penetration. It is recommended for general purpose tools, springs, and machinery parts requiring high hardness and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-17. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

AISI 4650

Abstract AISI 4650 is an oil hardening, medium-carbon alloy steel having high mechanical properties, endurance limit and shock resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-121. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

BADGER

Abstract BADGER is an oil hardening, non-deforming tool and die steel having good hardenability characteristics. Tungsten and chromium additions increase its wear resistance over the straight manganese oil hardening type die steel. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-107. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company.

AISI 4337

Abstract AISI 4337 is a tough, shock resisting, oil hardening alloy steel. In the heat treated condition it has high fatigue and tensile strength along with good ductility. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-110. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

COLONIAL No. 6

Abstract COLONIAL No. 6 is an oil hardening, non-deforming, general purpose tool and die steel. It has good combination of abrasion resistance, hardness and toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as deformation. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: TS-94. Producer or source: Vanadium-Alloys Steel Company.

OILGRAPH

Abstract OILGRAPH is an oil hardening, non-deforming graphitic steel recommended for tools and dies requiring good resistance to wear and abrasion. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-78. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

AISI 9440

Abstract AISI 9440 is a medium carbon, nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel of the oil hardening type. It has good hardenability and desirable toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-77. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

AISI 3140

Abstract AISI 3140 is a nickel-chromium alloy steel of the oil hardening type. It has good hardenability and good toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-29. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

VULCAN NON-SHRINKABLE

Abstract VULCAN NON-SHRINKABLE is a standard manganese type of oil hardening tool steel for use where non-shrinking and non-deforming properties are important. This is an ASM Class II-A2 and SAE Type 02 Alloy. This datasheet provides information on composition and hardness as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-28. Producer or source: Vulcan Crucible Steel Company.

ATLAS 93

Abstract ATLAS 93 is a chromium molybdenum shock resisting steel, having rather deep oil hardening characteristics with fairly high impact value. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-22. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.