Oil Filter Research Articles

S1110404 電場を利用したディーゼルエンジンのオイル中のスス分離方法の検討([S111-04]第20回卒業研究コンテスト(4),機素潤滑設計部門)

Engine oil is essential for a engine and it has various roles like lubrication, cooling, retention of airtight, cleaning action and etc. Diesel engine generates a lot of soot than gasoline engine. So diesel engine oil is so contaminated by soot. These soot in diesel engine oil cause promotion of wear and oxidation of diesel engine oil. However, to remove soot from engine oil by oil filter is very difficult because the diameter of soot is nanometer. In this research, we assume the equipment which makes coagulated soot in the needle tip by an electric field and removes these coagulated soot by a oil filter. To achieve this equipment, we clarified the influence of applied voltage, time of application of voltage and frequency of applied voltage for coagulation of soot to the needle tip. And we also clarified the possibility of removing coagulated soot by a filter.

An investigation on manufacturing of alumina microfiltration membranes

In this research, disk-type alumina microfiltration membranes with an approximate diameter of 21 mm were synthesized via isostatic pressing method. Many samples were made and characterized based on the Taguchi experimental design to optimize the manufacturing procedure. The effect of alumina powder size, binder type and amount, sintering temperature, and pressing pressures was investigated. Porosity and water permeability of samples were measured, and SEM images were taken. The results showed that using different binders amounts can alter porosity from 25 to 49%, while type of binder has few effects on MF characteristics. Furthermore, water permeability of the samples varies from 170 to 3700 (kg/m2.h.bar) depending on pressing pressure, alumina powder size, and sintering temperature. Using finer alumina powders and higher sintering temperatures can provide fewer porous and permeable membranes. SEM images confirmed formation of defect-free membranes. Confirmation of homogenized MF membrane approved by filtration of an industrial mineral oil. The results showed as follows: 100% rejection for particle size greater than 2 micron and more than 95% rejection for particle size bigger than 250 nm.

Filter Clogging Data Collection for Prognostics

Filtration is a critical process in many industrial systems to obtain the desired level of purification for liquids or gas. Air, fuel, and oil filters are the most common examples in industrial systems. Filter clogging is the main failure mode leading to filter replacement or undesired outcomes such as reduced performance and efficiency or cascading failures. For example, contaminants in fuel (e.g. rust particles, paint chips, dirt involved into fuel while tank is filling, tank moisture rust) may lead to performance reduction in the engine and rapid wear in the pump. Prognostics has potential to avoid cost and increase safety when applied to filters. One of the main challenges of prognostics is the lack of failure degradation data obtained from industrial systems. This paper presents the process of design and building of an experimental rig to obtain prognostics data for filter clogging mechanism and data obtained from the rig. Two types of filters have been used during the accelerated filter clogging and 23 run-to-failure data have been collected. Flow rate and pressure sensors are used for condition monitoring purposes. The filter clogging has been recorded through a camera to evaluate the findings with pressure and flow sensors. The data collected is very promising for development of prognostics methodologies.

Structure Design of Closed-Loop Rotary Steerable Drilling Tools

Rotating automatic steerable drilling technology is a new automated drilling technology developed in the early 1990s, which is an important aspect of the development of drilling technology in today's world. The basic structure of closed-loop rotary drilling tools is designed and basic structure of hydraulic thrust control system which greatly saves the time for hydraulic oil flowing back into the tank is innovatively designed based on Auto Trak RCLS (Baker Hughes). The structure of closed-loop rotary steering drilling tools, hydraulic thrust control system principle diagram, basic structure of hydraulic thrust control system and basic structure of flow pressure differential control valve and basic structure of oil filter assembly are rendered by AutoCAD drawing software.

Latest aspects of mechanical filtration

The aim of this study was to describe and unify all knowledge about mechanic filtration. The first part deals with the parameters and properties of filtration. Here some important basic concepts are explained such as pressure gradient, filter life, etc. There’s also a description of convenient filtration technology for coarse and fine materials, such as sand, smoke or soot. The second part primarily focuses on the real use and application of filters for liquid and gaseous media. The differences in construction between different types of filters for filtration of fuels, oils, hydraulic fluids, air and cabin filters are described. The last section is focused mainly on new materials for the production of filters. These materials are ceramic or nanomaterials, which can actually be enriched for example with antibacterial silver or some fungicides.

Plasma Modified Membrane for Daily Recovery of Oil from Repeated Frying Operation with Frequent Oil Replenishment

AbstractSunflower oil was used for deep frying of potatoes at 170 ± 5 °C and for 8 h per day for 5 days in a fryer with an automatic oil filtration system. Three different frying operations were performed: operation (OP)‐1, OP‐2 and OP‐3; that correspond to the oil unfiltered at the end of each frying day, the oil filtered through the fryer's own filter (passive filtration) and the oil firstly subjected to passive filtration and then filtered through a polyethersulfone membrane modified with hexamethyldisiloxane via radio frequency plasma (75 W‐5 min, discharge power–time), respectively. The performance of each operation was investigated in terms of free fatty acids (FFA), conjugated dienoic acids (CD), TOTOX value, total polar content (TPC), Hunter color, viscosity, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content. The results showed that OP‐3 could decrease FFA, CD, TOTOX, TPC, L*a*b* value, viscosity and linoleic acid (18:2)/palmitic acid (16:0) ratio in 29.6, 11.7, 25, 30.8, 6.1*11.3*20.8*, 7.8, 12.2 %, respectively, compared to the unfiltered oil (OP‐1). Regenerated oil from OP‐3 had a frying life approximately 17 h more than oils from both OP‐1 and OP‐2.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WELL LOCATION SCHEMES AT WATERFLOODING

The main aim of this research is the creation of program tool for quantitative and qualitative comparison of different schemes of well location applied at waterflooding: the estimates were supposed to be carried on the basis of solution of the problem of advancement of border of OWC in time. The achieved results may be used for designing of waterflooding of real oilfields. At the heart of program complex lies the model of infinite homogeneous layer of fixed thickness, the surface of which is covered by doubly periodic grating with upstream and blowing wells in their cells. For describing of the process of combined filtration of water and oil modified Weierstrass dzeta-function was used.

Distribution and composition of hydrocarbons in bottom sediments of the Shtokman deposit (Barents Sea)

The increased interest in investigation of hydrocar� bons (HCs) in Arctic seas is mostly explained by the huge oil and gas potential of the shelf and perspective exploitation of marine deposits. By now 11 oil and gas deposits have been discovered directly on the territory of the Barents Sea [1]. Intensification of oil produc� tion and transportation to the sea should result in an increase in the anthropogenic influence on the envi� ronment. In addition, we should note that HC intro� duction from sedimentary series increases in oil and gas regions [2]. The portion of filtered HCs in the World Ocean is estimated as 0.6 × 10 6 t/year, which is 46% of their total income in seawater (1.3 × 10 6 t/year from all sources in the absence of large accidents on average [3]). Oil filtration on the Russian Arctic shelf was originally described in the 16th century on the bank of the Ukhta River (northern Timan–Pechora area), where pitch lumps were found in sand [4]. Pro� cesses of such kind were later registered in the Chukhi, Bering, Barents, and Kara seas. In accounting for the high oil and gas potential of the Arctic shelf of Russia, we may assume that this natural source provides not less than 50% of the total oil introduction in the Arctic seas. Samples were collected on two polygons in the area of the Shtokman gas–condensate deposit (SGCD) in August 2010 (57th voyage of R/V “Academician Mstislav Keldysh) in order to estimate the level and composition of HCs in bottom sediments. Polygon 1 is located in the water area, where funneled deepenings of a seabed were registered (Fig. 1a); their formation may result either from melting of buried ice (potholes) or gas release on the seabed (pockmarks) [5]. Polygon 2 is located directly in the water area of the deposit (Fig. 1b). Bottom sediments were collected by a box corer and frozen at –18°C. Samples were thawed in the lab� oratory, dried at 50°C, and the fraction of 0.25 mm was separated. HCs were extracted by metylenchloride in an ultrasonic Sapfir bath, and their concentration was analyzed by IR spectrophotometry; the composi� tion of alkanes, by capillary gas–liquid chromatogra� phy; and the concentration and composition of poly� cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), by the method of highly effective liquid chromatography. The details of methodological procedures were described in [2, 6].

Oil filtration performance of a hemp/cotton spunlaced nonwoven

Hemp fiber has many superior performances and applications, for instance, the yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and composite materials. However, there is no hemp nonwoven in the market and in application. Therefore, in order to continue to expand the application fields and increase the additional value of hemp fiber, we developed a hemp/cotton spunlaced nonwoven to research its oil filtration property and verify the filtration mechanisms. The results indicate that the filtration efficiency of a hemp/cotton spunlaced nonwoven increases with the increase in particle diameter and the decrease in filtration time. In addition, compared with the change in filtration efficiency with the increase in particle diameter, it can be found that the filtration time has a relatively smaller influence on filtration efficiency. The experimental results suggest that the filtration efficiencies of direct interception and gravitational deposition are substantially higher than inertia collision, while the filtration efficiency of inertia collision is so low that can be neglected. Through a theoretical analysis of filtration we make a verification of the mechanisms and suggest a new equation to reduce the errors in filtration efficiency between the theoretical results and experimental values. Then, the hemp/cotton spunlaced nonwoven was used to develop two different automobile engine oil filters on an experimental scale.

Literature Review on Production Process To Obtain Extra Virgin Olive Oil Enriched in Bioactive Compounds. Potential Use of Byproducts as Alternative Sources of Polyphenols

This review describes the olive oil production process to obtain extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) enriched in polyphenol and byproducts generated as sources of antioxidants. EVOO is obtained exclusively by mechanical and physical processes including collecting, washing, and crushing of olives, malaxation of olive paste, centrifugation, storage, and filtration. The effect of each step is discussed to minimize losses of polyphenols from large quantities of wastes. Phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, alcohols, secoiridoids, lignans, and flavonoids are characterized in olive oil mill wastewater, olive pomace, storage byproducts, and filter cake. Different industrial pilot plant processes are developed to recover phenolic compounds from olive oil byproducts with antioxidant and bioactive properties. The technological information compiled in this review will help olive oil producers to improve EVOO quality and establish new processes to obtain valuable extracts enriched in polyphenols from byproducts with food ingredient applications.

ZnO nanorod array-coated mesh film for the separation of water and oil

Dense and vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with a large area have been fabricated successfully on the stainless steel mesh by a simple chemical vapor deposition method. The coated mesh exhibited both superoleophilic and superhydrophobic properties, even if it was not modified by low surface energy materials. The separation efficiencies were more than 97% in the filtration of water and oil. Besides, the wettability of the coated mesh was still stable after it was soaked in the corrosive solutions for 1 h. A detailed investigation showed that the coated mesh has the best superhydrophobic property when the stainless steel mesh pore size was about 75 μm.

Alternative Porous Media and Designs for Automotive Oil Filters

Alternative Porous Media and Designs for Automotive Oil Filters

Elektropredenje: postopek izdelave nanovlaken

Electrospinning is a method based on the use of electrostatic forces for producing continuous fibres with the diameter from between ten nanometres to some micrometres. Such fine fibres cannot be produced with conventional methods for the production of nonwovens. The nanofibres formed with electrospinning have an exceptionally large active surface area per mass unit (fibre surface at diameter of 100 nm equals 40 $m^2$/g) and the spinning process itself enables a planned formation of the web structure (e.g. planned size of pores in the web by adjusting the nanofibre diameter and fibre thickness). Nanofibres can be electrospun from synthetic or natural polymers and their blends, from polymers with various nanoparticles (metal, ceramic etc), active substances etc. We can fabricate individual fibres, as well as webs with a random or planned fibre arrangement. Fibres with a complex structure, e.g. core shell or hollow fibres, can be produced with a special electrospinning method. Regarding the advantages demonstrated by the nanofibres fabricated with electrospinning, this procedure has become an important part of research in seve ral fields of use of technical textiles, e.g. shielding materials, air and oil filters in the car industry, agrotextiles and most of all medical textiles. The method can also be used in the production of batteries and photovoltaic cells. Apart from the apparatus designed for the research purpose in laboratories, pilot devices and the devices designed for the use in the industry can be found on the market. The paper comprises the introduction of the preparation procedure of nanofibres on an electrospinning apparatus, the morphological characteristics of fibres and the characteristics of electrospun webs in dependence of the conditions when forming fibres.

Deep-Fat Frying: Understanding Leads to Optimization

Proper use of technology can help processors produce healthier fried foods that retain the taste and texture consumers enjoy. Healthier frying requires the right fryer, oil, food, processes, and maintenance procedures. In deep-fat frying operations, good baseline data need to be developed on the chemical, physical, and sensory parameters of oils and foods that are typical of normal frying operations. Once the data have been gathered, changes to a frying system can be evaluated against the baseline. The costs associated with oil testing and evaluation (e.g., tests on free fatty acids, polymeric triglycerides, suspended solids, oil stability index, tocopherols, etc.) need to be weighed by the processor against the potential for a greater understanding of what goes on in the fryer. Oil treatment and filtration systems also need to be evaluated for effectiveness against the baseline study. Without a baseline study, processors do not have the supporting data needed to evaluate a process or system change.

Influence of physical structure and chemistry of diesel soot suspended in hexadecane on lubrication of steel-on-steel contact

Soot generated from the combustion process in diesel engines affect engine tribology. In this paper, two diesel soot samples; from engine exhaust and oil filter are suspended in hexadecane oil and the suspension is used to lubricate a steel ball on steel flat sliding contact at a contact pressure of 1.3GPa. The friction and wear of the steel flat are recorded. The data are compared with those recorded when the soot is generated by burning ethylene gas. The rationale for the comparatively poor tribology of diesel soot is explored by quantifying the size and shape of primary particles and agglomerates, hardness of single primary soot particles, the crystallinity and surface and near surface chemistry of soot and interparticle adhesion.

Optimized Backflushing Process for Fibrous Media in Engine Oil Filtration and Enhancement by Ultrasound

AbstractFilter media that are made of metal fiber fleece have been qualified as a very suitable method to clean engine oils from fine particles in large diesel application. However, regeneration by backflushing of these densely packed depth filtration media is a great challenge. In experimental studies, the principles of successful hydrodynamic backflushing could be identified. Furthermore, the auxiliary effects of medium‐ and high‐power ultrasound on this process were investigated and could be qualified. Ideal process parameters for the general aim of freeing filter media from clogging particle fractions whilst using minimized amounts of flushing medium can be derived. This generates input parameters for an optimized apparatus design in real‐scale application.

Treatment of model oily waste water by microfiltration

Microfiltration membranes made from polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) have been successfully used for the separation of oily waste waters by membrane coalescence, but filtration of the oily waste waters with high emulsifier content have not yet been investigated. Our aim was to examine the effect of emulsifier content on membrane coalescence on this type of membrane, and to investigate the effect of surfactant addition on oil retention and filtration parameters. It was found that the oil content of the emulsion can be separated with MF PTFE membranes. Efficiency of the retention depends on the concentration of emulsion: increasing concentrations resulted in an increased retention. The addition of coagulant also affected filtration parameters: higher coagulant concentrations resulted in a significant increase of the flux, while the retention marginally decreased.

Mathematical model for predicting the state of health of transformers and service methodology for enhancing their life

This paper presents the analysis and modeling of the mathematical characteristics of the dissolved gases in the transformer oil for the purpose of working out a schedule for oil filtration, which in turn regulates the quality of oil. A restriction, on the total volume of dissolve gases in the oil, improves the performance and enhances the life of a transformer. The stochastic characteristic of the gas generation inside the oil, has been monitored and studied over a long duration, through different times of the week and different months of the year. Looking at the characteristics of gas generation and routine process of gas removal (by oil filtration), a Markov model has been developed, to predict the state of health of a transformer and suggest a schedule for regular gas filtration, for the purpose of extending the life of the transformer. However, filtration itself doesn’t remove the source of the fault. Important parameters like, the capacity of oil tank, rate of gas generation and various other key parameters for restricting the volume of total gas, inside the transformer have been derived. The mathematical model can also optimize some of the design parameters of a transformer, depending on the service frequency of various users and their choice of life expectancy of the transformer.

On a numerical subgrid upscaling algorithm for Stokes–Brinkman equations

This paper discusses a numerical subgrid resolution approach for solving the Stokes–Brinkman system of equations, which is describing coupled flow in plain and in highly porous media. Various scientific and industrial problems are described by this system, and often the geometry and/or the permeability vary on several scales. A particular target is the process of oil filtration. In many complicated filters, the filter medium or the filter element geometry are too fine to be resolved by a feasible computational grid. The subgrid approach presented in this paper is aimed at describing how these fine details are accounted for by solving auxiliary problems in appropriately chosen grid cells on a relatively coarse computational grid. This is done via a systematic and careful procedure of modifying and updating the coefficients of the Stokes–Brinkman system in chosen cells. This numerical subgrid approach is motivated from one side from homogenization theory, from which we borrow the formulations for the so-called cell problem, and from the other side from the numerical upscaling approaches, such as Multiscale Finite Volume, Multiscale Finite Element, etc. Results on the algorithm’s efficiency, both in terms of computational time and memory usage, are presented. Comparison of the full fine grid solution (when possible) of the Stokes–Brinkman system with the subgrid solution of the upscaled Stokes–Brinkman system (including effective permeabilities for the quasi-porous cells), are presented in order to evaluate the accuracy and the efficiency. Advantages and limitations of the considered subgrid approach are discussed.

Analytical model of temperature variations during the filtration of gas-cut oil

w, on the cylindrical surface of the drainage, rw, is main� tained at a level below the pressure of the saturating oil by gas, Ps, whereas the pressure Pr on the external boundary, Re, is constant and higher than the satura� tion pressure, Ps. Then, in a region distant from the drainage, [