Off-line Programs Research Articles

Verification of Learning Competency Effectiveness Between Online Learning Programs and On- and Off-Line Learning Programs: Focus on the Students in S University

Verification of Learning Competency Effectiveness Between Online Learning Programs and On- and Off-Line Learning Programs: Focus on the Students in S University

The ecosystem of a ‘wealth-tech’ culture: the birth of networked financial subjects in South Korea

Starting with an online financial community in South Korea, this article explores the simultaneous production of a new form of subjectivity and a networked ecosystem of financial cultures. Using a multi-sited ethnography to track the movements of users as they moved across different spaces, this article finds that users gifted financial information to each other, blended laity and expertise, and reappropriated financial communities into a third place defined as an informal, public place hosting sociable conversations. Through the grafting of prosocial activities (e.g. sharing, gifting, and social networking) onto financial self-management, users were shaped as networked financial subjects and exhibited a distinctive mode of selfhood informed by both financial subjectivity and neoliberal networked subjectivity. At the same time, their practices spawned countless social, convivial groups as well as entrepreneurial financial gurus. By demonstrating the complex webs of on- and off-line groups, programs, relationships, and social networks, this article illustrates how the networked ecosystem of financial cultures brought the markets and commons into coalescence.

The Development of Computer Music Programming Systems

This article traces the history and evolution of Music Programming, from the early off-line synthesis programs of the MUSIC N family to modern realtime interactive systems. It explores the main design characteristics of these systems and their impact on Computer Music. In chronological fashion, the article will examine, with code examples, the development of the early systems into the most common modern languages currently in use. In particular, we will focus on Csound, highlighting its main internal aspects and its applications. The text will also explore the various paradigms that have oriented the design and use of music programming systems. This discussion is completed by a consideration of computer music eco-systems and their pervasiveness in today’s practice.

Experimental study of the secondary neutron angular spectra emitted from polyethylene slabs with D-T neutron source

An experimental method of measuring the secondary neutron angular spectrum from polyethylene slab assembly with D-T neutron source based on the proton-recoil method is developed. In order to ensure the energy linearity of the detector and obtain a good neutron-gamma discrimination capability in the case of a low effective neutron threshold (0.5MeV), neutron energy spectrum is measured in two parts: one is in a high energy region and the other in a lower energy region. The pulse shape discrimination (PSD) and the pulse height distribution (PH) two-dimensional information of the secondary neutron and the associated gamma rays are recorded event-by-event simultaneously. The selection and the deduction of the gamma ray events and the joining of the two-segment energy spectra are carried out by using the off-line data analysis programs written in the ROOT data analysis framework. Furthermore, an artificial neural network technique is used to accomplish the unfolding of the neutron spectra successfully. The experimental results of the second neutron angular spectra from 9cm and 18cm thick polythene slab assemblies with D-T neutron source in an energy region of 0.5 MeV to 15 MeV are obtained. The Monte Carlo calculations of the experimental models are accomplished by using the MCNP5 code with ENDF-VI data library. The experimental results are in agree ment with the calculation results within the experimental uncertainties.

Multi-messenger programs in ANTARES: Status and prospects

With an instrumented volume of about 0.015 km 3, ANTARES is currently the largest neutrino telescope operating in the Northern Hemisphere. One of its main goals is the detection of high-energy neutrinos from (extra-)galactic astrophysical sources. Such observations would provide important clues about the processes at work in those sources, and possibly help solve the puzzle of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In this context, ANTARES is developing several on- and off-line programs to improve its capabilities of revealing possible correlations (in space and time) of neutrinos with other cosmic messengers: photons (in different ranges of wavelengths), cosmic rays and gravitational waves.

Collective Bargaining Context and Worker Attitudes: Comparing Team and Traditional Work Systems

Although research on teams often focuses on firm performance, how these initiatives affect workers and their work-related attitudes has received limited attention. This field study examines seniority, off-line problem-solving, and union participation as institutional arrangements within a collective bargaining context that moderate the relationship between work systems and work-related attitudes. Results indicate a negative relationship between team membership and work-related attitudes for those with greater seniority. A positive relationship between team membership and work-related attitudes exists for those who are more active in their union. Higher organizational commitment occurs in team settings when workers had experience in off-line problem-solving programs.

Barreras a la educación universitaria on-Line: Hacia una mejor comprensión desde una optica de marketing

This study applies a maketing approach to the study of a new learning method based on the Internet use and the development of on-line courses. The study is focused on the student's motivations, perceived advantages and disadvantages of internet-based learning by analysing those factors inducing the choice of attend on-line programs, and those other factors that discourage students from following this kind of programs. Moreover, this paper investigates the perceptions about the comparative efficacy of on-line versus off-line master programs, examining differences by population sectors. Given the research objetives, the data were collected from a random selected sample using a representative panel of Spanish internet users.

Post-processing methodologies for off-line robot programming within computer integrated manufacture

A robot simulation system has been used not only as a design and simulation tool, but it also serves as an off-line programming system for industrial robots and other machines with a computer integrated manufacture (CIM) system. A robot simulation system is one of the essential elements for virtual manufacturing and agile manufacturing. A post-processor is an important element of an off-line robot programming system, as it allows the commercially available robot simulation systems to be used as off-line robot programming tools. The post-processor translates output statements from a robot simulator to a target robot language. Typically, the sequence of motion and data required to drive the robot can be transmitted through the use of a serial or parallel data link, between an off-line computer and a robot controller. The design of a general post-processor capable of translating the output of multiple robot simulators to multiple robot programming languages is an extremely complex problem. There are two basic ways of describing robot movements in robot control systems; one describes the manipulator movements in terms of the manipulator end-effector location (in compound transformation or absolute); whilst the other describes the movements in terms of manipulator joint angles. The former approach is suitable for future and present generation robots with a language processor installed in their controllers, whilst the latter is only specifically linked to earlier generation robot languages. Discrepancies between a specific robot simulation system and a real robot system which should be resolved as part of the post-processing, are analysed. The feasibility of generalising the post-processor was studied. In this paper different approaches of post-processing for off-line programs and methods of downloading off-line programs to robot controller are discussed also.

A framework for constructing features and models for intrusion detection systems

Intrusion detection (ID) is an important component of infrastructure protection mechanisms. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) need to be accurate, adaptive, and extensible. Given these requirements and the complexities of today's network environments, we need a more systematic and automated IDS development process rather that the pure knowledge encoding and engineering approaches. This article describes a novel framework, MADAM ID, for Mining Audit Data for Automated Models for Instrusion Detection. This framework uses data mining algorithms to compute activity patterns from system audit data and extracts predictive features from the patterns. It then applies machine learning algorithms to the audit records taht are processed according to the feature definitions to generate intrusion detection rules. Results from the 1998 DARPA Intrusion Detection Evaluation showed that our ID model was one of the best performing of all the participating systems. We also briefly discuss our experience in converting the detection models produced by off-line data mining programs to real-time modules of existing IDSs.

The effect of signal saturation on wind velocity estimates using MF radar signals

We used Yamagawa MF radar signals to investigate to what extent saturated distortion of received signals affect wind velocity estimates. We investigated it through off-line computer programs by clipping these actual archived signals at various levels artificially. The results of the analysis are as follows: As a whole, wind velocity estimates calculated under very severe saturated conditions such as −30 dB from the signal peak levels are not so different from ones with no saturation. But in some cases we found that wind velocity estimates even under slightly saturated conditions such as −2 dB or −2.5 dB from the signal peak levels become more than several hundred or thousand meters per second. The reason is discussed in this paper.

Supply of genetic information--amount, format, and frequency.

The volume and complexity of genetic information is increasing because of new traits and better models. New traits may include reproduction, health, and carcass. More comprehensive models include the test day model in dairy cattle or a growth model in beef cattle. More complex models, which may include nonadditive effects such as inbreeding and dominance, also provide additional information. The amount of information per animal may increase drastically if DNA marker typing becomes routine and quantitative trait loci information is utilized. In many industries, evaluations are run more frequently. They result in faster genetic progress and improved management and marketing opportunities but also in extra costs and information overload. Adopting new technology and making some organizational changes can help realize all the added benefits of the improvements to the genetic evaluation systems at an acceptable cost. Continuous genetic evaluation, in which new records are accepted and breeding values are updated continuously, will relieve time pressures. An online mating system with access to both genetic and marketing information can result in mating recommendations customized for each user. Such a system could utilize inbreeding and dominance information that cannot efficiently be accommodated in the current sire summaries or off-line mating programs. The new systems will require a new organizational approach in which the task of scientists and technicians will not be simply running the evaluations but also providing the research, design, supervision, and maintenance required in the entire system of evaluation, decision making, and distribution.

Hard photon bremsstrahlung effects in hyperon semileptonic decays

An efficient Monte Carlo method for photon bremsstrahlung calculations in semileptonic decays is described. This method is useful for order-α radiative correction calculations, and for event generations in off-line Monte Carlo simulation programs. The order-α bremsstrahlung amplitude in hyperon semileptonic decays is given by using the Low-theorem, and the bremsstrahlung amplitude squared is calculated for unpolarized decays. Numerical calculation results are presented for n → pe v, μ → e v, v μ, Σ − → ne v and Λ → pe v decays. The general features of the Monte Carlo method might be useful for photon bremsstrahlung calculations in other decay and collision processes.

Video encoder architecture for MPEG2 real time encoding

A video encoder architecture for encoding digital video signals based on the MPEG2 video standard up to the slice level is described. A function specific architecture is implemented to increase the coding efficiency and reduce the silicon area for real time encoding. A hierarchical control concept is adopted and a three-stage pipeline encoding method is used in the macroblock coding to increase the flexibility of the encoding flow and reduce the design effort. Most of the computing power for the MPEG2 encoding algorithm is utilized in motion estimation, so a separate motion estimation module is used as a coprocessor. The motion estimation algorithm adopted is a full search with the search window in the range between +47 and -48 pels in the horizontal direction and between +15 and -16 pels in the vertical direction. Simulations on several video sequences with different target bit rates are evaluated. The results show that our implementation can achieve a video quality comparable to other off-line software simulation programs using exhaustive searches.

Articulated Robot Application in End Milling of Sculptured Surface

End milling of a sculptured surface is attempted employing an articulated robot with six degrees of freedom. In this application, the machining error due to the positioning accuracy and elastic deformation of robots should be considered. In order to improve positioning accuracy, a new robot calibration method has been developed and applied. After the calibration, the robot is operated by off-line teaching programs effectively, and experimental end milling is finished with improved machining accuracy. Furthermore, a postprocess error compensation has been realized to minimize the machining error caused by all of factors such as the positioning error, elastic deformation and joint backlash of the robot. Experimental end milling shows that the machining accuracy is improved to near the positioning repeatability of the robot after repeating compensation twice. Additionally, a sensor feedback teaching method which is another way to achieve end milling of a sculptured surface has been developed.

Integration of simulation and emulation with graphical design for the development of cell control programs

SUMMARY A major problem in conventional and virtual manufacturing has been the lack of integrated tools for the off-line development and testing of cell control programs. Control device programs are typically created and evaluated using stand-alone computer simulations or actual production hardware. In contrast, graphic simulation/emulation workstations have provided a powerful virtual environment for robotic cell layout, device selection, path planning, programming, and testing. The resulting off-line task programs may then be translated to native robot languages and downloaded to production hardware. In this research, methods and functions have been introduced to permit modelling of cell control programs on the same graphical design platform, integrating logical and physical design. The control models are structurally and logically equivalent to device programs, allowing designers to use common information for control development and testing. Furthermore, the interactions of cell control with other desi...

Tool integration for collaborative design of manufacturing cells

Recent research has been directed towards an integrated model of the business and production management functions of an enterprise. Such a goal requires that lower-level activities share tools, models, and information when possible, reducing data inconsistencies and collection requirements. This paper addresses a specific deficiency in this area, the integration of tools for the development and testing of cell design and control. Controller programs are generally created and evaluated using either a stand-alone computer simulation or actual production hardware. This can lead to lost production time due to problems with device interactions. In contrast, robotic simulator-emulator systems provide a powerful virtual environment for cell design and layout, device selection, path planning, controller programming, and testing. The resulting off-line task programs may be verified by simulation playback, translated to native robot languages, and downloaded directly to production hardware. In this research, new functions have been developed to allow cell design and control modeling on the same platform, providing distributed designers with a common model and environment for developing, testing, and integrating their work. Furthermore, the interactions of cell control with other design issues may be observed and evaluated. These functions have been implemented and analyzed using a generic task description language on a simulator-emulator design workstation. This tool integration allows collaborating users with distributed responsibilities to plan, verify, and adjust operational sequences, cell layout, material flow, motion interference, and communication functions in an effective off-line, virtual setting.

XPC: an on-line expert system for statistical process control

The majority of available microcomputer packages for statistical process control (SPC) are off-line programs which present information regarding quality in the form of control charts. The user has to interpret the charts to infer process and product quality. This paper describes XPC, an on-line expert system for SPC. The system produces mean and range charts and interprets them automatically. XPC consists of five main modules. The first module ascertains process parameters and constructs the charts. The second module performs capability analysis to ensure that these control charts are compatible with the process specifications. The third module interprets on-line data, detects possible out-of-control situations and suggests corrective actions. The fourth module updates the charts to improve process capability. The last module produces periodical reports. XPC is based on Leonardo, an expert system shell with a hybrid knowledge representation facility enabling the use of rules, rulesets, frames, procedures ...

On-line data analysis and monitoring for H1 drift chambers

The on-line monitoring, slow control and calibration of the H1 central jet chamber uses a VME multiprocessor system to perform the analysis and a connected Macintosh computer as graphical interface to the operator on shift. Task of this system are: • - analysis of event data including on-line track search, • - on-line calibration from normal events and testpulse events, • - control of the high voltage and monitoring of settings and currents, • - monitoring of temperature, pressure and mixture of the chambergas. A program package is described which controls the dataflow between data aquisition, differnt VME CPUs and Macintosh. It allows to run off-line style programs for the different tasks.

The SERENDIP piggyback SETI project

The SERENDIP project is an ongoing program of monitoring and processing broadband radio signals acquired by existing radio astronomy observatories. SERENDIP operates in a piggyback mode: it makes use of whatever observing plan (sequence of frequencies, sky coordinates, and polarizations) is under way at its host observatory. Moreover, the SERENDIP data acquisition system, once installed, operates autonomously. This approach makes it possible to obtain large amounts of high quality observing time in a manner that is economical and that does not adversely affect ongoing radio astronomy survey work. The SERENDIP II system has been installed at the NRAO 300-foot telescope at Green Bank, West Virginia, and has operated there for several thousand hours. In this report, we summarize our findings from these observations and describe the present status of the project. Two key elements of SERENDIP are the automated data acquisition system that uses adaptive thresholds and logs only statistically significant peaks in the real-time power spectra, and the subsequent off-line analysis programs that identify and reject a variety of interference signals. Several specific correlations have been identified that offer promise. At present, the development and testing of these interference rejection algorithms is the main thrust of our work.

Software for electrophysiological experiments with a personal computer

These programs were written for the IBM personal computer equipped with a Tecmar Labmaster analog interface board. The software operates under the MS-DOS operating system; it is written in compiled BASIC and employs short machine-language subroutines for crucial functions. Details are presented on the analog interface routines which make special use of the 9513 counter/timer chip on the Labmaster. Time resolution is about 32 μs per sample on the PC and 15 μs on the PC/AT. One series of programs performs traditional voltage- and current-clamp experiments on macroscopic currents in whole cells. A second series interfaces with a hardware window discriminator to capture single-channel events in a recirculating buffer, a stimulus can be triggered to fire during an open channel. Off-line programs perform standard analyses, and further processing can be performed with standard spreadsheet programs.