Odorata Extract Research Articles

Structural and defect-related optical characteristics of Viola odorata extract mediated ZnO

We report crystallographic and defect-related optical characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) generated by phytoextract mediated approach using Viola Odorata. The crystallographic analysis using XRD data validated the wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO. To find the crystallite size and deformation in prepared ZnO-NPs, the XRD data was analyzed using Williamson-Hall (W-H) methods considering uniform strain model. In addition, the photoluminescence of the prepared ZnO-NPs has been explored to identify the defect related emission in the visible region. The presence of native defects such as zinc interstitials (emissions at 2.98 eV and 2.79 eV) and oxygen vacancies (emissions at 2.57 eV) is shown by photoluminescence spectrum. Finally, the methylene blue (MB) degradation was examined for the produced ZnO-NPs' photocatalytic reaction to solar light irradiation.

Antibacterial and wound healing efficacy of Chromolaena odorata treated dressings

This paper reports the characteristics of viscose fabric treated with the extracts of Chromolaena odorata, traditionally used for healing the wounds. C. odorata extracts (5%) are nano-sprayed and applied on spun lace viscose fabric using an ultrasonic atomiser and antibacterial competence is optimised for S. aureus and E. coli. The wound healing potential of the C. odorata treated dressing and histopathological analysis of the wound tissues have been studied in vivo on Albino Wistar rats and compared with wound without any dressings, chitosan treated dressing, chitosan and C. odorata treated dressing along with the commercial silver bandage. The FTIR analysis of the phytochemicals finished fabric indicates the presence of phenolic group. Cytotoxicity test reveals 22% cytotoxicity and 78% cell viability with mild toxicity. Shelf life discloses the decrease in antibacterial efficiency after third and fourth week. Curing of C. odorata extracts treated fabric inversely affects the antibacterial efficiency, and sterilisation reports 46.7% E.coli reduction after one hour. The fabricated wound dressings are found to have good wound healing efficiency as compared to commercial silver bandage. The histopathological analysis reveals complete healing of wounds after 21 post wound healing days. The study proves that the phytochemicals can be imparted on spun lace viscose fabric for antibacterial and wound healing application to a certain period of time.

The differentiation of mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells into nerve cells induced by Chromolaena odorata extracts.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into nerve cells with an induction from chemical compounds in medium culture. Chromolaena odorata contains active compounds, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, that can initiate the transformation of MSCs into nerve cells. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of methanol extracted C. odorata leaf to induce the differentiation of bone marrow MSCs into nerve cells. Methods: A serial concentration of C. odorata leaf extract (0.7-1.0 mg/mL) with two replications was used. The parameters measured were the number of differentiated MSCs into nerve cells (statistically analyzed using ANOVA) and cell confirmation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The results showed that the C. odorata extract had a significant effect on the number MSCs differentiating into nerve cells ( p < 0.05) on the doses of 0.8 mg/ml with 22.6%. Molecular assay with RT-PCR confirmed the presence of the nerve cell gene in all of the samples. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study showed the potential application of C. odorata leaf extract in stem cell therapy for patients experiencing neurodegeneration by inducing the differentiation of MSCs into nerve cells.

Amelioration of aluminum-induced hepatic and nephrotoxicity by Premna odorata extract is mediated by lowering MMP9 and TGF-β gene alterations in Wistar rat

This study aims to investigate the effect of Premna odorata (P. odorata) (Lamiaceae) on the hepatic and nephrotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in rat. Wistar male rats were equally classified into four groups: control, P. odorata extract (500 mg/kg B.W.), AlCl3 (70 mg/kg B.W.), and P. odorata extract plus AlCl3 groups. All treatments were given orally for 4 weeks. Serum transaminases and some biochemical parameters, hepatic and renal antioxidant/oxidant biomarker; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mRNA expression; histopathological examination of the liver, and kidneys were investigated. The obtained results revealed that AlCl3 significantly increased the activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as produced a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and creatinine concentrations, while there were no changes observed in the total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations. Also, aluminum administration significantly decreased the reduced glutathione content and increased the catalase activity, malondialdehyde, and TNF-α concentrations in the liver and kidney tissue. Moreover, AlCl3 results in congestion, degeneration, and inflammation of the liver and kidney tissue. Co-treatment of P. odorata extract with AlCl3 alleviated its harmful effects on the previous parameters and reduced the histopathological alterations induced by AlCl3. Therefore, Premna odorata may have a potent protective effect against oxidative stress induced by Al toxicity through downregulation of MMP9 and TGF-β gene expression.

Biocidal Action of Chromolaena odorata Extract on Ganoderma lucidum and Sclerotium rolfsii

Fungi pose a serious threat to wood in service causing significant economic loss every year. In this study, Chromolaena odorata extract was investigated for its fungicide properties against Ganoderma lucidum and Sclerotium rolfsii. An ethanol-solvent system was used to remove the extract from ground leaves of C. odorata. Samples of Pinus caribaea wood from the base, middle, and top along the tree bole were soaked in five different concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of C. odorata for three days, and preservative absorption and retention were determined. The treated woodblocks were exposed to actively growing cultures of wood-attacking fungi under laboratory conditions (27 °C and 65% RH) for 24 weeks. The range of weight loss of the untreated wood samples on exposure to both fungi showed that the wood is moderately resistant to fungal attack. However, the highest weight loss which was obtained in the control wood samples showed that C. odorata extract is effective in imparting some level of fungi resistance to the wood, and the optimal concentration level, based on this research is 30%.

Attenuating NF-κB/VCAM-1 Expression in the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model by Viola Odorata: Protection Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

The death of neurons and cerebral edema are the main consequences of stroke. However, inflammatory processes play key roles in aggravating cerebral damage following a stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Viola odorata extract (VOE) on the infarct volume (IV), neurologic deficits (ND), and the expression of NF-κB and VCAM-1 in the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) model. The animals were randomly separated into 6 groups: (1) control group, (2) vehicle-treated group, (3) MCAO group, (4) VOE25 group, (5) VOE50 group, and (6) VOE75 group (n= 12). VOE (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) and distilled water were administered daily for 30 days. Two hours after the last gavage, the rats were exposed to MCAO for 60 minutes. Twenty-four hours later, IV, ND, and NF-κB/VCAM-1 expressions were evaluated. Viola odorata extract exhibited excellent neuroprotective effects by reducing IV (mainly in the core and subcortex areas), and induced downregulation of NF-κB and VCAM-1 expression. Viola odorata could also activate intracellular pathways, reducing the expression of NF-κB and VCAM-1. It is useful for developing a novel medical herb for treating cerebral ischemia. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced.Viola odorata extract (VOE) reduced the infarct volumes (IV) in rats' brains 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).VOE may decrease IV in the MCAO model by downregulating the NF-κB/VCAM-1 expression. A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. After an interruption of blood flow, energy stores are rapidly depleted, and complex cellular cascades induce excitotoxic cell death. So far, no effective and specific treatment has been suggested for the stroke. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of the viola odorata extract (VOE) were screened. The V. odorata extract exhibited excellent neuroprotective effects by reducing infarct volume and inducing downregulation of NF-κB/VCAM-1 expression. This finding suggests that V. odorata may be useful for developing a novel medical herb for treating cerebral ischemia.

Green Synthesis AgNPs Immobilized to Whatman Paper Using Chromolaena odorata Extract and Its Application as Photocatalyst

Synthesis and immobilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to Whatman paper carried out using Cromolaena odorata extract irradiated by sunlight. The UV-Vis shows silver nanoparticles successfully formed from AgNO3 1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM with the absorption peaks at 455 nm, 452 nm, and 451 nm, respectively. The SEM shows AgNPs are spherical with an average particle size are 60.45 nm, 63.19 nm, and 68.42 nm, respectively. The EDX spectrum shows the composition of silver immobilized to Whatman paper increase with increasing concentration of 10.14Wt%, 64.48Wt%, and 70.48 Wt%, respectively. AgNPs/Whatman paper has a cubic crystal structure, space group Fm-3m, lattice parameter (a) 4.0862 Ǻ and crystal size of 42.94 nm. FTIR reach peaks at 520.78 cm-1 and 1,059 cm-1 explains the vibration of the Ag-O bonds indicated the formation of AgNPs. Furthermore, the photocatalyst ability for dye degradation was evaluated using methylene blue 10 ppm under sunlight for 6 hours. The result shows a changed colour to fade and decreases the absorbance ability of methylene blue. Therefore, it can be concluded that green synthesis and immobilization of AgNPs/Whatman paper have a potential to be applied as photocatalyst materials for dye degradation.

The differentiation of mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells into nerve cells induced by Chromolaena odorata extracts

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into nerve cells with an induction from chemical compounds in medium culture. Chromolaena odorata contains active compounds, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, that can initiate the transformation of MSCs into nerve cells. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of methanol extracted C. odorata leaf to induce the differentiation of bone marrow MSCs into nerve cells. Methods: A serial concentration of C. odorata leaf extract (0.7-1.0 mg/mL) with two replications was used. The parameters measured were the number of differentiated MSCs into nerve cells (statistically analyzed using ANOVA) and cell confirmation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The results showed that the C. odorata extract had a significant effect on the number MSCs differentiating into nerve cells ( p < 0.05) on the doses of 0.8 mg/ml with 22.6%. Molecular assay with RT-PCR confirmed the presence of the nerve cell gene in all of the samples. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study showed the potential application of C. odorata leaf extract in stem cell therapy for patients experiencing neurodegeneration by inducing the differentiation of MSCs into nerve cells.

In vitro Assessment of sun protection factor (SPF) and Antioxidant activity of Viola odorata extracts

The harmful effects of sunlight on the skin have triggered several studies. They concentrated on the synthesis or extraction of natural compounds that can absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this study, we investigated the in vitro photo-protective potential of Viola odorata flowers extracts, in three states (fresh, dried, frozen), using three solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol) by sequential extraction. In vitro SPF values were determined by spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant activity was tested by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The ethanolic extract fraction, at the concentration of 2 mg/ml, from the three flowers states had the best SPF values (27.249, 26.978, 27.907) respectively, followed by ethyl acetate extract fraction of dried flowers (SPF=21.11). The highest DPPH inhibition (about 85%) was also obtained in ethanolic extract fraction from the three states of flowers. The ethanolic extract fraction of fresh flowers showed the highest total phenolic content (18.575 mg GAE/g crud extract), followed by ethanolic extract fraction of dried flowers (15.06 mg GAE/g crud extract). There was a significant positive correlation between SPF values and each of antioxidant activity (R=0.92) and TPC (R=0.748) in the different extract fractions. Our results showed that ethnolic Viola odorata flowers extract, in different states, has a great potential to be used as a sunscreen agent due to its polyphenol content, which is also associated with strong antioxidant activity.

Corrosion protection of mild steel in acidic medium by titanium-based nanocomposite of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract

The quest for efficient, thermally stable, alternative and eco-friendly anticorrosion additives for industrial cleaning and pickling operations necessitated this study. From methanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata leaves, titanium nanocomposite was synthesised, characterised and applied as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in acidic medium. The Titanium-Chromolaena odorata (Ti–CO) nanocomposite was characterised using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and N2 adsorption/desorption measurement. The FTIR result identified O–H, CO, CC and SO functional groups in the nanocomposite while XRD patterns of calcined Ti–CO nanocomposite was found to correspond to the anatase phase of TiO2 with average crystallite size of 10.22 nm. Similarly, Ti–CO is a mesoporous material with BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area of 172.82 m2 g−1. As revealed by HRTEM, the particle size of the Ti–CO ranged from 1.45 to 2.17 nm. The inhibition performance of Ti–CO on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl was evaluated by electrochemical and weight-loss techniques. Weight-loss measurements showed that Ti–CO had higher inhibition efficiency (92.39%) than methanolic C. odorata extract (84.77%) at 1.0 g/L of the inhibitor. The efficiency increased as the inhibitor concentration increased but reduced with an increase in temperature. Data from electrochemical study revealed that Ti–CO was adsorbed on the metal surface and this phenomenon increased the resistivity of Ti–CO towards charge transfer of the solution. Thermodynamic results showed that the dissolution of mild steel in the absence and presence of Ti–CO is endothermic and orderly. Langmuir adsorption model predicted physical adsorption mode of the inhibitor on mild steel surface and surface morphology study using SEM-EDX confirmed the formation of a protective layer on the surface of the mild steel. The Ti–CO nanocomposite produced can be effectively utilised as an alternative corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in acidic media.

The effectivities of anti-diabetic of Chromolaena odorata L. in lowering blood sugar level: A systematic review

Diabetes has become a significant problem that has reached an alarming level. Nowadays, almost one billion people around the world live with diabetes. In 2019, Indonesia occupied the seventh position in the world with 10,7 million people live with diabetes. Although various antihyperglycemic agents are available, diabetes is still a significant problem in the world. Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata L.) is widely used in Indonesia and traditional medicine to treat diabetes. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical content of C. odorata extract and analyze the effectiveness of the anti-diabetic of C. odorata extract in lowering blood sugar levels. The method used in this study is a systematic review with journals derived from the online databases of PubMed and Google Scholar. The journals used are journals that discuss C. odorata, extract, anti-diabetic, and blood sugar. Journal search results show, eight studies explain the potential anti-diabetic activity of C. odorata extract in lowering blood sugar levels. Data synthesis from several studies shows that C. odorata extract has potential anti-diabetic activity because it contains phytochemicals in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and tannins which are potent antioxidants and cytoprotectants that can lower blood sugar levels.

Allelopathic potential of siam weed (Chromolaena odorata L.) extract for enhancing soybean productivity

Many tropical invasive species have strong allelopathic effects. Chromolaena odorata is reported to have the best potential to act as bioherbicide against several weeds on crops. This research was conducted in May-September 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of C. odorata extract on soybean plant. This study employed Randomized Block Design (RBD) Factorial with two factors. The first factor was 4 different doses of C. odorata extracts: 0, 8, 16 and 24 tons ha−1. The second factor was 3 different times of application: 0, 7 and 14 days after planting. Variables observed were number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds and dry seed yield. The findings indicated that the extract did have effect on seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds and yield of dry seeds. The application of extract 16-24 tons ha−1 has improved the seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and yield of dry seeds. There was no interaction between siam weed extract and time of application in all variables observed.

Antifungal activity of crude extracts of Ageratum conyzoides and Chromolaena odorata for management of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae through in vitro evaluation

Lasiodiplodia is an important genus of fungi causing destructive diseases on perennial crops, including cocoa. Two crucial species of Lasiodiplodia that cause diseases in cocoa are Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Lasiodiplodia pseutheobromae. A variety of weeds is the potential to be applied as botanical fungicides to control the pathogens. The main objective of this study was to evaluate Ageratum conyzoides and Chromolaena odorata leaf extract to inhibit the growth of L. theobromae and L. pseudotheobromae on a synthetic medium. Solvent organic was methanol for weed extraction with a ratio of 1:5. The experiment was conducted through the poison food technique method, both in the solid and liquid medium in three different concentrations, 1, 3, and 5%. The result showed that A. conyzoides and C. odorata were significantly inhibited the colony growth of both Lasiodiplodia in all concentrations in a solid medium. A. conyzoides performed better than C. odorata in all concentrations of both Lasiodiplodia in inhibition. A. conyzoides 5% performed well to suppress the colony growth of L. pseudotheobromae (100%), followed by A. conyzoides 3% and A. conyzoides 1%. A. conyzoides 5% able to inhibit the colony growth of L. theobromae until 100%, followed by A. conyzoides 3% and 1%. Meanwhile, A. conyzoides and C. odorata extract tested on PDB medium at 1, 3, and 5% reduced the fungal biomass significantly at all concentrations. C. odorata was found most effective in inhibiting fungal biomass of both pathogens either on wet weight or on dry weight at 1, 3, and 5% %. A. conyzoides and C. odorata can manage the growth of L. theobromae and L. pseudotheobromae through in vitro conditions.

Response of Sweet Potato Storability with Different Pre-storage Treatments at Ambient Temperature

The storage of sweet potato tuberous roots in tropical countries is a major challenge to farmers and retailers due to unfavourable climatic conditions. In this study, the storage performance of sweet potato roots in an ambient condition was investigated over a 12-week duration. The three different pre-storage treatments used were ash, alkaline solution (1.5 mol dm-3) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) extract – to evaluate their effects on weight loss, shrinkage, weevil damage and sprouting. The control comprised tubers with no pre-treatment. It was observed that weight loss increased linearly from the inception of storage while shrinkage became apparent only after two (2) weeks. The percentage shrinkage of the tuber pre-treated with Siam weed increased at decreasing rate from 8 WAP. Treatment of tuber with Siam weed extract provided significantly higher protection against weevil damage (p &gt; 0.05). After this, sprouting was initiated. By the 12th week, the Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) extract treatment yielded better results. The Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) treatment also recorded the lowest weight loss of 28% and lowest shrinkage of 2.8%. It also sustained less weevil damage at 33.5% compared with the other treatments. Sprouting was higher in the tuber without pre-storage treatment. The alkaline solution and ash treatments had varied degree of performance for all the indicators.&#x0D; Keywords: Sweet potato storability, Ambient condition, Pre-storage treatment, Chromolaena odorata

Validation of the antimicrobial activity of Nymphaea odorata extract.

We previously screened a library of nearly 4000 extracts of plants, marine life, and fungi from the National Center for Natural Product Research to identify compounds that exhibited antimicrobial activity. From this screen, Nymphaea odorata (Fragrant Water Lily) extract significantly inhibited the growth of Burkholderia cepacia (an opportunistic pathogen frequently associated with drug resistance). The objective of this project is to validate the antimicrobial activity exhibited N. odorata, extract and to isolate and identify the compound(s) responsible for this activity. For this project we conducted ethanol extractions on three different parts of the plant: the rhizome, roots, and stems. These antimicrobial properties of these extracts will be determined using drug resistant bacteria including B. cepacia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we will utilize the disk diffusion assays, time-to-kill assays, as well as a fluorescent live/dead staining to test for the presence of antimicrobial compounds.

Using carboxymethyl gum from Tamarindus indica and Cassia fistula seeds with Chromolaena odorata leaf extract to develop antibacterial gauze dressing with hemostatic activity.

Background and purpose:Gauze dressing is a barrier against microbial infection in wounds. The seed gums of Tamarindus indica and Cassia fistula are abundant in tropical countries; we used them as a coating material of cotton gauzes to improve the liquid absorption ability. Moreover, Chromolaena odorata leaf extract was loaded on the gums for antibacterial gauze dressing with hemostatic activity.Experimental approach:Crude gums were extracted from T. indica and C. fistula seeds and carboxymethyl gums were then derived and chracterized. C. Odorata ethanolic extract was also prepared by maceration and its antimicrobial and blood clotting activities were determine coated gauze dressing containing different concentrations of carboxymethyl gum was prepared in the presence of various concentrations of C. odorata extract. Then, the physical properties, antibacterial activity, and skin-irritating effects of the coated gauze were analyzed.Findings/Results:The results indicated that the amount of carboxymethyl gum affected the physical properties and absorption capacity of the coated gauze. C. odorata extract exhibited better bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus than against Escherichia coli. The blood clotting effects of C. odorata extract indicated that it had dramatic hemostatic efficacy. The coated gauze exhibited bactericidal activity against S. aureus. In the human skin irritation test, the coated gauze caused no adverse effects on human skin.Conclusion and implication:Coated gauze has the potential to serve as a prototype for primary hemostasis in first aid for opened wounds such as abrasions and lacerations.

Physicochemical properties and In vitro evaluation studies of polyvinylpyrrolidone/cellulose acetate composite nanofibres loaded with Chromolaena odorata (L) King extract

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/cellulose acetate (CA) composite nanofibres loaded with Chromolaena odorata (L) King extract were prepared using the electrospinning method. The physicochemical properties of nanofibre composites, including their morphology, size, crystallinity, chemical interactions and compressive strength, were studied. In vitro tests including antioxidant, antibacterial and release activities were also investigated. The morphology of the nanofibre composites containing C. odorata extract (COE) had a smooth, homogeneous and flexible surface and fibres with a diameter of 1454 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the interaction of PVP, CA and COE molecules through hydrogen bonds. The XRD pattern showed that crystals were transformed into the amorphous state when COE was converted into nanocomposite fibres. The Young's modulus values of the resulting nanofibre composites were in the range of 199–209 MPa. The antioxidant activity of PVP/CA nanocomposite fibres contained higher COE than did pure COE, whereas the antibacterial activity of PVP/CA/COE nanofibre was as strong as that of pure COE. The release rate of COE in nanofibres increases faster than does pure COE.

Nanoencapsulation of Chromolaena odorata Extract Using Pluronic F127 as an Effectively Herbal Delivery System for Wound Healing

Chromolaena odorata is a medicinal herb with prominent pharmacological properties. The therapeutic efficiency of Chromolaena odorata extracts and its ingredients have, however, been limited by various factors, including the lack of targeting capacity and poor bioavailability. To approach this drawback, ethyl acetate fraction extract of Chromolaena odorata- (EA.ChO-) encapsulated pluronic-based nanocarriers was disclosed herein. The most common pluronic triblock copolymer micelles (pluronic F127) was used for the nanosized formulation of Chromolaena odorata extract. The obtained results show that EA.ChO-encapsulated nanoparticles have a spherical morphology with a designed hydrodynamic size was about 183.7 nm and zeta potential -39.5 mV. The EA.ChO nanoparticles are stable in different aqueous solutions (water, PBS 2.8, and PBS 7.4). The lyophilized form of the EA.ChO nanoparticles exhibited excellent stability for long-term storage. Notably, the EA.ChO nanoparticles were 1.3-1.4 fold more effective in the growth of fibroblast than the free EA.ChO, verifying the potential of pluronic F127 nanoparticles to the increased function of EA.ChO in the proliferation of fibroblast cell. In addition, bleeding stopped within 55 ± 6 s which was 20 s faster than that of free EA.ChO and 38-44 s faster than that of negative control treatments. The EA.ChO nanoencapsulation processed a rapid blood clot formation compared to control, free EA.ChO, pluronic F127, and water, suggesting the excellent bioavailability of EA.ChO nanoencapsulation. The obtained results thus provided a promising prospect for raising the activity Chromolaena odorata extract in wound healing application.

Study on antioxidative property of Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata) extract and butylated hydroxy anisole on the shelf-life of rice bran oil

Study on antioxidative property of Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata) extract and butylated hydroxy anisole on the shelf-life of rice bran oil

Test Kirinyuh Leaf Extract (Euphatorium odoratum.L) as Biofungicides against Antracnose Disease (Colletotrichum capsici) on Chili Plants (Capsicum Annum L)

Research to determine the effectiveness and concentration of extracts E. odoratumas a biofungicide applied to red chilli (C. Annum L) which is attacked by anthracnose (C.capsici). The research was carried out for 4 months from January to April 2020 at the Microbiology Laboratory of the University of North Sumatra, at the UMA Plant Protection Laboratory and in the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Medan Area University. The research was conducted using experimental methods, namely direct experiments and carried out in 2 stages: in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro research stage, using a completely randomized non-factorial design (CRD Non Factorial) 9 levels with 1 factor which was repeated 3 replications, namely giving E. odoratum extract consisting of: AF0- = negative control (without treatment), AF0 + = Control positive (0.2% synthetic fungicide), AF1 = PDA media with 10% E. odoratum extract, AF2 = PDA media with 20% E. odoratum extract, A3 = PDA media with 30% E. odoratum extract, AF4 = PDA media with 40% E. odoratum extract, AF5 = PDA media with 50% E. odoratum extract, AF6 = PDA media with 60% E. odoratum extract, AF7 = PDA media with 70% E. odoratum extract. In the In vivo stage, the experiment used a non-factoral randomized block design (non factorial shelf) with the treatment factor of E. odoratum extract obtained from the results of experiments in vitro in the laboratory, namely the concentration of 0%, 50%, 60% and 70%, which is the level of The extract concentration was below the effective concentration and the optimum extract concentration (best from the In vitro results) and the extract concentration was above optimal. Treatment replications and the number of treatment samples to be carried out were based on the results of the concentration to be applied and determined the level in a Non-factorial Randomized Block Design (Non-factorial RBD). ResultIn laboratory experiments showed that the extract was administered E. odoratum with a concentration of 60% and 70% significantly suppressed the growth of C. capsici colonies up to 0 cm2. The ability to suppress (inhibit) the growth of C. capsici is more effective than the use of synthetic fungicides. In field experiments, it can be concluded that the application of 70% E. odoratum extract has a very significant effect on fruit production and anthracnose attack intensity.