Object Diagrams Research Articles

A deep learning-based approach to similarity calculation for UML use case models

Unified Modeling Language (UML) models are main artifacts of software applications and valuable assets of software projects. The similarity calculation of UML models is an effective way to model reuse, model validation, model retrieval and pattern detection, which can help developers reduce development cost. Existing studies mainly focus on UML design models such as class diagrams and object diagrams. Yet, there is little research on calculating similarity for use case models despite their importance for software requirements reuse and validation. Thus, this paper proposes a similarity calculation approach for UML use case models. This approach first transforms the use case models into use case graphs and then adopts the deep learning technique — Similarity Graph Neural Network (SimGNN) to calculate the structural similarity between use case graphs. Then it calculates the semantic similarity of use case models with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and Cosine similarity. Finally it syntheses the results of semantic similarity and structural similarity of use case graphs. The effectiveness and efficiency of this approach was evaluated by comparing to two other approaches: (1) Cosine similarity+TF-IDF and (2) Cosine similarity+edit distance. The results showed that the our approach has better performance in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.

Pengembangan E- Inventory Peralatan dan Perlengkapan Sekolah Pada SMK Satmanggi Siompu

SMK Satmanggi Siompu is a private vocational high school located on Jalan Poros Siompu, Biwinapada Village, Siompu District, South Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The aim of this research is to understand the current inventory system, design a new system, conduct testing, and implement the system. It is hoped that the inventory information system for equipment and supplies at SMK Satmanggi Siompu can address issues related to inventory data collection and processing. The goal is to enhance performance in inventory data collection and processing. The information system encompasses hardware, software, database, and the user interface of the resulting system. The final stage of the research involves testing the software using the Black Box Testing method. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), which aims to produce a specific product and test its effectiveness. Data collection methods are descriptive and involve using both primary and secondary data sources. The system-oriented approach uses object-oriented tools called Unified Modeling Language (UML). Analytical tools include use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, class diagrams, object diagrams, and component diagrams. The system development method uses the prototype method. The system is built using the Bootstrap framework, PHP programming language, and MySQL database

Multimedia-Based Scout Semaphore Code Learning Mobile Application

This research aims to analyze how to design a mobile application that can present information about multimedia-based learning that is easy to understand and use for students. The data collection methodology used is a literature study. Making applications based on storyboards, flowcharts, navigation structures, or object diagrams originating from the design stage. All multimedia objects or elements are created and combined into a single application. At this stage, we use software such as Adobe Flash CS4, Adobe Device Central CS4, Adobe Photoshop CS2, and Adobe Audition 1.5. The author provides testing, which was carried out in 2 stages: the first stage was carried out in the emulator environment, and the second stage was applied to the actual device, namely cellphone media. Based on research results, it shows that with a busy level of routine and high mobility, cellphones are a complex and sophisticated technological device, inseparable from everyday life because, apart from being a communication tool, they also have multimedia features that can be used to help implement methods. learning. It becomes easier for users to learn lessons outside of study hours. The use of Flash Lite makes this multimedia-based mobile application more interesting and interactive.

A Theoretical Open Architecture Framework and Technology Stack for Digital Twins in Energy Sector Applications

Digital twin is often viewed as a technology that can assist engineers and researchers make data-driven system and network-level decisions. Across the scientific literature, digital twins have been consistently theorized as a strong solution to facilitate proactive discovery of system failures, system and network efficiency improvement, system and network operation optimization, among others. With their strong affinity to the industrial metaverse concept, digital twins have the potential to offer high-value propositions that are unique to the energy sector stakeholders to realize the true potential of physical and digital convergence and pertinent sustainability goals. Although the technology has been known for a long time in theory, its practical real-world applications have been so far limited, nevertheless with tremendous growth projections. In the energy sector, there have been theoretical and lab-level experimental analysis of digital twins but few of those experiments resulted in real-world deployments. There may be many contributing factors to any friction associated with real-world scalable deployment in the energy sector such as cost, regulatory, and compliance requirements, and measurable and comparable methods to evaluate performance and return on investment. Those factors can be potentially addressed if the digital twin applications are built on the foundations of a scalable and interoperable framework that can drive a digital twin application across the project lifecycle: from ideation to theoretical deep dive to proof of concept to large-scale experiment to real-world deployment at scale. This paper is an attempt to define a digital twin open architecture framework that comprises a digital twin technology stack (D-Arc) coupled with information flow, sequence, and object diagrams. Those artifacts can be used by energy sector engineers and researchers to use any digital twin platform to drive research and engineering. This paper also provides critical details related to cybersecurity aspects, data management processes, and relevant energy sector use cases.

On Proving the Correctness of Refactoring Class Diagrams of MDE Metamodels

Model Driven Engineering ( MDE ) is a general-purpose engineering methodology to elevate system design, maintenance, and analysis to corresponding activities on models. Models (graphical and/or textual) of a target application are automatically transformed into source code, performance models, Promela files (for model checking), and so on for system analysis and construction. Models are instances of metamodels . One form an MDE metamodel can take is a [class diagram, constraints] pair: the class diagram defines all object diagrams that could be metamodel instances; object constraint language ( OCL ) constraints eliminate semantically undesirable instances. A metamodel refactoring is an invertible semantics-preserving co-transformation, i.e., it transforms both a metamodel and its models without losing data. This article addresses a subproblem of metamodel refactoring: how to prove the correctness of refactorings of class diagrams without OCL constraints using the Coq Proof Assistant.

Perancangan Sistem Produksi Lampu dengan Metode Perancangan Berorientasi Objek di PT. Cosmo Technology Indonesia Kabupaten Sukabumi

The development of information technology (IT) so rapidly, including for the field of ERP (Enterprice Resources Planning). To design and build an ERP system, it is necessary to first analyze the system to be built, especially for the design of Rekayas Software (RPL). The results of this study are expected to find the results of good and correct analysis so as to be able to implement the system into a program using JAVA.
 
 This research consists of several parts analysis. The core of this research is to review the problems that exist in the company, in determining user requirements or user needs, then generate design in the form of diagrams used as a system design tool. The point explanation that will be done is Business Overview, Organizational Structure, Department Description, User Requirement. While the design of the system using UML consisting of several diagrams are Activity Diagram, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Class Diagrams, Entity Diagrams, Communication diagrams, State Machine Diagrams, Component Diagrams, Deployment Diagrams, Composite Structure Diagrams, Interaction Overview Diagrams, Object Diagrams , Package Diagram, Timing Diagram,
 
 The author takes the object case that is PT. COSMO TECHNOLOGY which is located at Jl. Raya Segog Km.14 Batununggal Village Kec. Cibadak, Sukabumi-West Java. Is a company engaged in decorative lights and is developing a business in the field of toys.
 
 Keywords: ERP, UML
 
 

Implementasi Agile Method untuk Pengembangan Sistem Pembatasan Pengunjung Wisata Berbasis Mobile

The high number of Covid-19 patients in 2021 has an impact on the tourism sector. It changes the trend towards tourism in Indonesia. Apart from the health protocols that must be carried out, the role of technology is also important in overcoming the growth of Covid-19. The technology provided is in the form of an application to purchase tourist entrance tickets, but it does not yet provide the menu for tourist restriction and zone identification. The purpose of this research is to develop an information system that can limit the number of tourists and find out the red zone (the highest Covid-19 area) before making a tourist visit. The method used for the development of a tourist visitor information system is the Agile model. This model is carried out systematically and starts from collecting information with interview and observation techniques, needs analysis, system design, design, and the implementation using an object-oriented diagram approach. This model has complex capabilities, is reliable, and produces applications in a short time. The testing of the tourist restriction system uses black box testing. The goal is to find out the error when the system is used by end users. Test results on all features in the system according to the needs of the end user. The application built can be used in line with the government rules or policies. With this application, the tourists are expected to be able to have vacation without the risk of spreading Covid-19.

Approach for the development of mobile applications based on migrant objects

Software engineering principles are very required for the development of mobile applications, which are necessary for many life applications. In this paper, we present a development process based on transformation of UML models, which describe mobile applications based on migrant objects to Mobile Maude language that extends the Maude language and implements the Rewriting Logic (RL). The generated rewriting theories will be executed for simulation using located configurations, which are produced from UML object diagrams. State transition models may be built during simulation to describe behaviours of mobile applications based on migrant objects, which will be verified against LTL properties with the technique of model-checking. The verified model of mobile application based on migrant objects can be used to generate Android application to be deployed on mobile devices.

Multiclass Classification of UML Diagrams from Images Using Deep Learning

Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams are a recognized standard modeling language for representing design of software systems. For academic research, large cases containing UML diagrams are needed. One of the challenges in collecting such datasets is automatically determining whether an image is a UML diagram or not and what type of UML diagram an image contains. In this work, we collected UML diagrams from open datasets and manually labeled them into 10 types of UML diagrams (i.e. class diagrams, activity diagrams, use case diagrams, sequence diagrams, communication diagrams, component diagrams, deployment diagrams, object diagrams, package diagrams, and state machine diagrams) and non-UML images. We evaluated the performance of seven popular neural network architectures using transfer learning on the dataset of 4706 images, including 700 class diagrams, 454 activity diagrams, 651 use case diagrams, 706 sequence diagrams, 204 communication diagrams, 208 component diagrams, 287 deployment diagrams, 207 object diagrams, 246 package diagrams, 323 state machine diagrams, and 720 non-UML images, respectively. We also proposed our neural network architecture for multiclass classification of UML diagrams. The experiment results show that Xception achieved the best performance amongst the algorithms we evaluated with a precision of 93.03%, a recall of 92.44%, and an F1-score of 92.73%. Moreover, it is possible to develop small and almost the same efficient neural network architectures, that our proposed architecture has the least parameters (around 2.4 millions) and spends the least time per image (0.0135[Formula: see text]s per image using graphics processing unit) for classifying UML diagrams with a precision of 91.25%, a recall of 90.34%, and an F1-score of 90.79%.

Abstraction of Object Diagram from Input Java Program

The Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a design tool used to design the software applications or software systems. It comprises thirteen different diagrams which represent the static behavior and dynamic behavior of the software systems. This paper presents an automated methodology to abstract the UML object diagram features from the input restructured java program. The methodology proposed here takes the restructured java program as an input and then abstracts the class name, attributes, operations, visibility, relationships and stores in the form a table. Further by using the restructured java program and the class table, the relevant details of the object diagram is abstracted and is stored in the form a table for further processing FULL TEXT PDF

ORM Diagram as an Intermediate Model for OWL Ontology Engineering: Protégé ORM Plugin Implementation

OWL2, a widely-used ontology-representation language, is poorly perceived by humans because OWL2 statements have a low level of abstraction. To solve this issue, various OWL2 ontology editors are used, which allow to group statements and represent them using some visual notation. ORM-diagram is a good candidate for an intermediate model for authoring and understanding of OWL2-ontology as Object-Role Modelling notation supports visually distinguishable constructs, has the high expressive capabilities, and implements the node-link paradigm and the attribute-free approach A Protégé plugin allowing to create an ORM2-diagram using the live error checking approach was implemented. The plugin allows us to form a valid object-oriented diagram model in computer memory using a widely known ontology authoring tool Protégé.

Automated visualization of calculation results in the Algozit programming environment

The functional object diagram of algorithms for constructing a graphical representation of the source and calculated data in the visual programming environment “Algozit” is considered. When defining the functional content of circuit elements (algomats), a built-in interpreted programming language is used, supplemented by graphical operators. Using the built-in language simplifies the modification and support of the developed visual algorithm. Graphic operators use the capabilities of a graphic library built into the visual programming environment. The library allows you to accumulate data on graphic primitives in three-dimensional space and build them in a graphic window in the form of a central projection or stereo image. The graphics window is equipped with display controls.

Cyber-physical modelling in Modelica with model-reduction techniques

Object-oriented modelling of cyber-physical systems with Modelica and similar environments has brought many advantages, especially the efficient re-use of models and thus the possibility of creating powerful multi-domain libraries. Unfortunately, the models have become highly complex, which causes serious problems during processing and execution. Consequently, verification and debugging is becoming an increasingly challenging task. The continuous investigation of simplifications and reductions in all phases of model developments is thus urgent.The present paper deals with reduction methods based on metric ranking and preserve realisation, which means that the structure and the parameters of the model remain physically interpretable. Two model-reduction methods are described and implemented in Open Modelica. The first operates on a set of differential-algebraic equations, and the second is based on modified bond-graphs-reduction techniques. The latter approach is suitable for component-based models in Modelica that are usually represented graphically with object diagrams. The paper briefly describes the research area, the problems of the adoption of the developed model reduction techniques to the Modelica environments, and the final implementation. Both proposed approaches are tested on the model of a car suspension system and briefly discussed.

Use of Structural Mutations in Object-Oriented Mathematical Models of Robot Manipulation Systems

The use of the method of targeted structural mutations of mathematical models is considered. The method allows us to create approximate models of robot manipulation systems by modifying their object-oriented mathematical models. Manipulation systems are considered as continuously deterministic systems described by systems of algebraic and ordinary differential equations. The implementation of this method is based on the possibilities provided by the method of visually designing the object diagrams of mathematical models. Object diagrams are modified by replacing the parts selected in them with alternative objects to these parts. The use of the structural mutation method makes it possible to compensate the influence of random factors that are not taken into account by the original mathematical model obtained by the analytical method.

COEVOLUTION PATTERNS TO DETECT AND MANAGE UML DIAGRAMS CHANGES

UML diagrams are divided into different perspectives in modelling a problem domain. Preserving coevolution among these diagrams is very crucial so that they can be updated continuously to reflect software changes. Formal methods such as Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) are widely used in detecting and handling coevolution between software artifacts. Although ample progress has been made, it still remains much work to be done in further improving the effectiveness and accuracy of the state-of-the-art coevolution techniques in managing changes in UML diagrams. In this research, a set of 84 coevolution patterns for supporting coevolution among UML diagrams are proposed to trace the diagrams’ inconsistencies and to determine the change impact incrementally after updating diagrams elements. Coevolution patterns are applied to UML class, object, activity, statechart, and sequence diagrams to cover the different perspectives of UML diagrams. The researcher uses CPNs as a formal language of modelling case study models for the proposed patterns. CPNs tools simulation and monitoring toolboxes are used to validate and monitor the proposed coevolution patterns models and to collect quantitative data about the patterns.

Modeling Changes in the Behavior of the Object

On the basis of theoretical principles of the theory of degradation, equations of the energy distribution of behavior of object over time are obtained. These equations formed the basis of the simplest models of the behavior of object. The paper considers the analysis of models obtained on a time scale. The issues of transformation of the object diagram with aging and repeated loading are considered. Based on the study of experimental data using the provisions of the theory of degradation, a curve of a decrease in the power of object in time was obtained. The theory of degradation made it possible to reveal the presence of potential difference of the operation of object for each point of the diagram of its work. Considering the interaction of potentials described by tangential and secant modules, a conflict of modules is revealed. An analysis of the conflict of the modules made it possible to evaluate the distribution of energy of object at any stage of its loading. The analysis is performed on the example of an object - concrete. For example, the theoretical values of limiting deformations of standard concrete under prolonged loading are obtained.

Exploring the Effects of Extensional Versus Intensional Representations on Domain Understanding

Cognitive research suggests that understanding the semantics, or the meaning, of representations involves both ascension from concrete concepts denoting specific observations (that is, extension) to abstract concepts denoting a number of observations (that is, intension), and vice versa. Consonantly, extant conceptual schemas can encode the semantics of a domain intensionally (e.g., ER diagram, UML class diagram) or extensionally (e.g., set diagram, UML object diagram). However, prior IS research has exclusively focused on intensional representations and the role they play in aiding domain understanding. In this research, we compare the interpretational fidelity of two types of representational encoding of cardinality constraints, an intensional schema using an ER diagram and its extensional analog using a set diagram. We employ cognitive science research to conceptualize that extensional representations will enable enhanced understanding as compared with intensional representations. Further, given that prior research suggests that the semantics of cardinality constraints remain challenging to understand, we focus on mandatory and optional cardinality constraints associated with relationships in these representations. Based on our laboratory experiments, we find that understanding with an extensional representation was (1) at least as good as that with an intensional representation for mandatory cardinality constraints and (2) significantly better for optional cardinality constraints. We also conducted an applicability check of our results via focus groups and found support for the perceived significance of extensional representations in practice. Overall, this research suggests that the tradition in IS research of exclusively focusing on intensional encoding of domain semantics should be reexamined.

Application of Creatures Variety Study for 2nd Grade

School is a formal educational institution which systematically control educational environment to conduct teaching and learning activities. In the implementation of learning process, teachers have opportunities to be more creative and innovative. For instance, the teaching and learning activities use interesting and interactive media or teaching aids, such as an application of multimedia learning in science subject. With the help of the application, it can help students to be more active and interested in learning science. The purpose of this study is to know the need variations of models and learning media, besides outdoor learning in Elementary School. Students also tend to be passive and would rather ask friends than the teacher. The research method of the study is object-oriented programming approach and the development method is prototype. System planning is described using use case diagram, scenario use case, activity program, and sequence diagram. Meanwhile, database system planning used class diagram, object diagram, deployment diagram, and component diagram. The study is supposed to help in science learning process, so that the students are more interested in learning. Suggestions for further study is this learning application of the living thing diversity can be created in the form of android, in which accessed through gadget.

Design and Development of Online Retail System

This project involves designing and bulding a system in a coffee shop. The method of data collection used in this journal was interview. The approach method used to design and build this system is through object oriented approach, which one of the main principles is the form of abstractions. The SCRUM method is also used to manage a project or as a method of software development. The goal is to show whether this system can support all online business processes such as online ordering, online transcations, and product catalogs that are accessible to everyone. The result of this scientific paper making is that the role of technology can support to maximize our business effort especially on every business process, for example case study which writer use in making of this scientific paper is coffee shop Ninyuh Kopi which where writer try to make design and system development web-based online shop using object-oriented approach method or OOAD (Object Oriented Analysis Design) using UML diagramming tool which includes use case diagram, scenario, activity diagram, sequence diagram, class diagram, object diagram, component diagram, and deployment diagram, while for software development method writer use SCRUM method.

Example-driven modeling: on effects of using examples on structural model comprehension, what makes them useful, and how to create them

We present a controlled experiment for the empirical evaluation of example-driven modeling (EDM), an approach that systematically uses examples for model comprehension and domain knowledge transfer. We conducted the experiment with 26 graduate (Masters and Ph.D. level) and undergraduate (Bachelor level) students from electrical and computer engineering, computer science, and software engineering programs at the University of Waterloo. The experiment involves a domain model, with UML class diagrams representing the domain abstractions and UML object diagrams representing examples of using these abstractions. The goal is to provide empirical evidence of the effects of suitable examples on model comprehension, compared to having model abstractions only, by having the participants perform model comprehension tasks. Our results show that EDM is superior to having model abstractions only, with an improvement of 39% for diagram completeness, 33% for questions completeness, 71% for efficiency, and a reduction in the number of mistakes by 80%. We provide qualitative results showing that participants receiving model abstractions augmented with examples experienced lower perceived difficulty in performing the comprehension tasks, higher perceived confidence in their tasks’ solutions, and asked 90% fewer clarifying domain questions. We also present participants’ feedback regarding the usefulness of the provided examples, their number and types, as well as the use of partial examples. We present a taxonomy of the different types of examples, explain their significance, and propose guidelines for manual and automatic creation of useful examples.