Obese College Students Research Articles

Effectiveness of Physical-Activity-Based Interventions Targeting Overweight and Obesity among University Students-A Systematic Review.

Overweight and obesity, including their prevalence and consequences, reflect a leading public health problem. Studies have already shown that physical activity leads to a reduction in body weight in children and adults. However, the university setting has rarely been investigated. The aim of this review is, therefore, to examine and summarize the effectiveness of physical-activity-based interventions to reduce obesity and overweight in university students. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for relevant studies published in English between January 2010 and February 2022. Quantitative studies conducting a physical-activity-based intervention with overweight or obese university students and reporting changes in BMI were included. Data were described in a narrative synthesis. Out of 16 included studies, 11 reported a significant reduction in BMI. However, all studies except one were able to demonstrate some BMI improvements, whereas all studies reported significant changes in at least one health-related indicator. Aerobic exercises were able to demonstrate the greatest reductions in BMI. This review is the first systematic presentation on the effectiveness of physical-activity-based interventions in overweight and obese university students. Future work should reconsider BMI as the primary outcome if appropriate within the respective study design (i.e., to measure long-term effects). More interventions are needed to improve strategies.

Effects of a controlled exercise programme on anthropometric parameters, dietary habit and sleep quality of obese university students

According to WHO, obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. In spite of growing public awareness of the importance of weight loss, obesity prevalence continues to rise with at least 2.8 million people dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of jogging exercise programme (JEP) on anthropometric parameters, dietary habit and sleep quality of obese Ghanaian university students. This randomised controlled study employed 33 obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) students from a tertiary university in Ghana. The experimental group participated in a six-week, 3-5 times/week JEP for 45 and 40 minutes per session while the control group had intervention free session. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using the Omron body composition analyser and a standard tape measure. Sleep quality and Dietary habit were determined using a pre-validated Sleep Quality Scale and Performance of a Brief Dietary Assessment and Intervention tool for Health Professionals questionnaire respectively. The participants had a mean age of 21.70 ± 3.74 years. There were 14 (42.4%) males and 19 (57.6%) females of which 26 (80.8%) were indigenous and 7 (19.2%) were international students. There was significant decrease in body mass index, waist to hip ratio, and visceral fat; and increase in sleep quality (p < .05) at the end of the intervention period. However, the dietary habit of the experimental group did not change significantly (p > .05). In conclusion, JEP has positive impacts on anthropometric parameters and sleep quality of obese persons.

Effect of emotional eating and social media on nutritional behavior and obesity in university students who were receiving distance education due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of emotional eating and social media on nutritional behavior and obesity in university students receiving distance education during the pandemic.Subject and methodsThis cross-sectional study was performed with 1000 undergraduate students who were receiving distance education due to COVID-19 in Türkiye. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included demographic information, height, body weight, eating habits, the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behavior (SESMEB), and the Emotional Eating Scale (EES). A p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for statistical tests.ResultsDuring the distance education period, more than half of both male and female students (61.7%; 58.2%) changed their meal pattern, 31.7% of them started to consume their main meals more regularly, and 31.2% of them began to skip their main meals. Of the participants, 52.6% spent more than 2 hours a day on social media. The female students who spend more than 2 hours a day on social media have higher SESMEB and EES scores than those who spend 2 hours or less a day (p < 0.01). The score SESMEB is positively weakly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (rho 0.132, p < 0.01) and positively moderately associated with the EES score (rho 0.334, p < 0.01). The interaction between the SESMEB and EES scores increases the risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.002, p = 0.009).ConclusionFor the students who received distance education, social media affects eating behavior, BMI, and emotional eating. Additionally, these effects may increase the risk of overweight/obesity.

The relationship of hedonic hunger with food addiction and obesity in university students

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship of hedonic hunger with food addiction and obesity in university students. The research sample consists of 275 university students between the ages of 19-28years. Body weight (kg), height (cm), waist and hip circumference (cm) were measured by applying a face-to-face questionnaire including descriptive characteristics of individuals, the Power of Food Scale (PFS), the Palatable Eating Motive Scale (PEMS) and the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS) 2.0. Statistical analysis of the data was done with SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 18. In individuals, according to the mean PFS score the presence of food power-induced hedonic hunger was detected. While according to the mean PEMS score no motivational hedonic hunger was detected. According to the BMI classification the average scores of PFS (p = 0.002), PEMS (p = 0.009), and mYFAS 2.0 (p < 0.001) showed a gradual increase from underweight to obese. A weak positive correlation was found between BMI and PFS score (r = 0.238; p < 0.05) and PEMS score (r = 0.196; p < 0.05), respectively. The moderate positive correlation (r = 0.439 p < 0.001) was found between mYFAS 2.0 and the PEMS scores. As a result, the presence of food-based hedonic hunger was determined in young individuals. A relationship was determined between food addiction and hedonic hunger caused by the motivation to consume delicious foods. Accordingly, hedonic hunger is related to food addiction and obesity in university students. V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Disordered Eating Attitudes Scale Is Associated with Socio-Demographics, Stress, and Snack Intake in Overweight and Obese College Students

ObjectivesCollege students are at risk for disordered eating attitudes (DEA) due the high demands of higher education. This could lead to a greater snack intake that could replace meals. DEA could also be influenced by demographics. Our objective was to evaluate the association between DEA, snack patterns, stress level, and demographics. MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the baseline data from the Snackability Trial, a trial to test the effects of using the Snackability app to choose healthier snacks compared to controls. Students were recruited online from June 2020 to March 2021. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline on socio-demographics, snack intake, stress level, and DEA. Descriptive statistics included frequency and mean/standard deviation of all variables. ANOVA and Pearson correlations were used to evaluate the associations between variables. ResultsA total of 287 completed the baseline questionnaires. The average age was 21.2 ± 1.83 years, most were female (83.5%), white (40.0%), with a household income of < $50,000 (54.1%) and 45.1% were Hispanic/Latino. Average DEA score was 89.4 ± 19.2 (medium level), snacks were consumed 2.38 ± 1.08 times per day, and stress score was 6.76 ± 1.88 (medium-high). Age, stress, and snack intake were significantly correlated with the Restrictive and Compensatory subscale (p < 0.05). Stress was also significantly correlated with the total DEA score (p < 0.001), Relationship with food subscale (p < 0.001), and Concern about food and weight gain subscale (p = 0.002). Mean total DEA scores were similar by gender, race, ethnicity, or household income. ConclusionsAge, stress, and snack intake were significantly correlated with total DEA score or with one of the subscales of DEA. These results can be used to develop interventions for college students to promote healthy snacks and manage stress. Funding SourcesInternal funds from FIU.

Visceral Adiposity Index and Lipid Accumulation Product Related to Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese College Students

BACKGROUND: Visceral obesity in adolescent girls increased the risk of cardiometabolic disease. A simple indicator has been developed to assess metabolic risk through visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) in people with visceral obesity. AIM: This study analyzed the relationship between VAI and LAP with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese female adolescents. METHODS: An observational study was conducted on 120 students at Universitas Diponegoro. VAI was obtained from calculation formulations which includes body mass index, waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TGs), and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. LAP was obtained from calculation formulation which include WC and TGs. IR values were obtained based on the calculation of homeostasis for assessment models IR. The metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) was obtained by the calculation of components of WC, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, TG, and HDL cholesterol. Bivariate analysis using the Spearman Rank correlation test. RESULTS: We found that 40% of subjects had a VAI score that was considered at risk. As many as 20.8% of obese adolescent girls experience MetS while the other 79.2% are pre-metabolic syndrome and 83.3% of subjects have experienced IR. VAI showed a significant relationship with IR (p ≤ 0.001; r = 0.667) and cMetS (p = 0.007; p = 0.245). LAP showed a significant relationship with IR (p &lt; 0,001; r = 0,385) and MS (p &lt; 0,001; r = 0.372). CONCLUSION: We found that VAI and LAP could be an indicator for estimating IR and MS in obese female adolescent.

Effects of Physical Exercise on Physical Fitness and Mental Health of Obese Students.

With the rapid development of my country's economy, the rapid improvement of national living standards, the introduction of western fast food culture, and the modern lifestyle, the detection rate of obese patients in my country has increased year by year. Obesity has gradually become an important issue of social concern, especially among students, obesity is very common, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of students, and laying a hidden danger for the development of society. As an effective method, physical exercise has an important impact on the physical and mental health of obese students and has become an important way to solve the obesity problem. On the basis of a large number of literature research, this paper adopts a variety of research methods such as questionnaire survey, expert consultation, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis, and logical analysis. The current situation of extracurricular physical exercise has been investigated in detail, and after data analysis, it is found that obesity has a great negative impact on all aspects of college freshmen. The results of the study showed that the obese college students in Suzhou had a low level of physical health. The average scores of the “National Student Physical Health Standards” for boys and girls were 58.50 and 60.49, respectively, and the failure rates were 48.24% and 43.55%, respectively. Compared with the average level of college students in the whole country, the height, weight, and vital capacity of obese students in Suzhou are higher than the national level, while the vital capacity index is far lower than the national level, and there are significant differences in physical fitness items (obese girls 800 meters), standing long jump, sit-ups are higher than the national level, and there are significant differences; obese boys 1000 meters, sitting forward flexion are lower than the national level, there is a significant difference, while the standing long jump performance is slightly higher than the national level). In terms of mental health, the detection rate of various mild mental health problems among obese college students in Suzhou is as high as 44.56%, and the detection rate of various moderate mental health problems also reaches 9.69%. Compared with the national youth norm, obese college students are prone to psychological problems such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, terror, psychosis, hostility, and paranoia.

Telerehabilitation as a Tool Given on Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Overweight and Obese College Students Amidst Covid 19 Pandemic: Single Group Pre Post Design

Background: Remote rehabilitation via advanced communications through network, online etc given in thisadvanced digital era is collectively known as telerehabilitation. American telemedicine association initiallyexplained the term of telerehabilitation based on the facilities in current advance digital world. Covid -19 pandemicenhanced the services of telerehabilitation as first line rehabilitation treatment method that need rehabilitationsservices in their domicile. Thus based on telerehabilitation has been warranted to administer in providing physicaltherapy services for subjects who have been diagnosed both positive and negative COVID.Aim &amp; objectives of the study: To analyze the uses of exercise training through telerehabilitation applied duringCOVID-19 isolation period on overweight and obese college students on physical fitness and quality of life.Data Analysis and Results: Notable improvement in the variables of weight in kg and Body Mass Index (BMI) inobese and overweight as well as their quality of life which is measured by SF – 36 questionnaire in college studentsafter rehabilitation through telerehabilitation method where the subjects were trained with aerobic exercises,breathing exercises along with core stability exercises on physical fitness and quality of life with significance equalor less than 0.05 and confidence interval at 95%.Conclusion: statistically significant improvement in weight in kg and BMI which reflected in their physical fitnessand quality of life (SF – 36) in overweight and obese college students after the intervention of telerehabilitationconsists of aerobic exercises, breathing exercises and core stability exercises applied to them during this COVID19 Pandemic.

Relationship Between Procrastination and Exercise Behavior Among College Students

Procrastination is prevalent in the study and life of the college student population. There is evidence suggesting that procrastination can have a negative impact on mood and behavior. However, in the field of exercise, the effects and mechanisms of procrastination on exercise have not been widely studied. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between procrastination and exercise volume of college students, and discusses the mediation effect of time efficiency. The sample comprised 910 university students from 5 provinces（female: 509, male: 401）who completed inventories assessing their procrastination, time efficiency and exercise volume, and the relationships between these variables were examined using a model of mediation. In the present study, the appropriate IRB approval has been obtained from East China Normal University. There are significant differences in procrastination (t = 2.43, p &lt; 0.05) and exercise volume (t = 7.42, p &lt; 0.01) among college students of different genders and no difference in the sense of time efficiency. The body mass index is classified as lean (BMI &lt; 18.5), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 23.9), overweight (24.0 ≤ BMI ≤ 27.9) and obese (BMI ≥ 28) by standard, and there are significant differences between body mass index and exercise volume (F = 7.51, p &lt; 0.01). Procrastination was negatively correlated with time efficiency (r = -0.525, p &lt; 0.01) and exercise volume (r = -0.159, p &lt; 0.01), and there was a significant positive correlation between time efficiency and exercise volume (r = 0.164, p &lt; 0.01). Mediating effect test shows that the time efficiency has a certain intermediary effect between procrastination and exercise volume (indirect effect = -0.090, LLCI = -0.163, ULCI = -0.012). Findings provide support that procrastination affects college students' physical exercise through time efficiency. We can start with improving college students' time efficiency to promote the participation of physical activities. Future research needs more attention to overweight and obese college students.

Consumption of ultra-processed food and its association with obesity in Chilean university students: A multi-center study

Objective To explore the associations between the consumption of three categories of ultra-processed food (sugary beverages, sweet, and salty snacks) and body mass index (BMI) among Chilean university students. Methods We conducted a multi-center, descriptive study among 2,039 students from 6 Chilean universities. Food consumption was surveyed using a validate food survey. That height and body weight were objectively measured to calculate BMI for determining weight status, and also, tobacco use and physical activity were measured. Results An intake equal to or higher than 1 serving of sugary beverage a day was associated with greater odds of obesity in university students (OR:1.32 [95% CI: 1.00, 1.74]), 2 servings/day (OR: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.50]), and 3 servings/day (OR: 1.39 [95% CI: 1.05, 1.80]). Neither consumption of sweet nor salty snacks (≥1 servings/day) related to differential odds of obesity: (OR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.42, 1.64]) and (OR: 1.79 [95% CI: 0.93, 3.41]), respectively. Conclusion In a sample of Chilean university students, consumption of sugary beverages, and not consumption of sweet or salty snacks, was associated with obesity.

Characteristics Of Bone Mineral Density In College Students With Low/Normal Weight Obesity

PURPOSE: Investigate the bone mineral density(BMD) of college students, and analyze the characteristics of the BMD of low/normal obese college students. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 519 low/normal-weight students(18-23 years old), including 383 women and 136 men. The dual-energy X-ray test method was used to detect the percentage of body fat and BMD of college students. The BMD of obese people with low/normal weight was compared with those of non-obese people. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between body mass index(BMI), body fat percentage(BF%) and BMD. RESULTS: 1)Among the low-weight male college students, the whole body BMD, T-value and Z-value of the low weight obese students were lower than those of the low weight non-obese students (2.01 ± 0.22 vs 1.82 ± 0.04 g/cm2; -0.02 ± 0.15 vs -1.10 ± 0.24;-0.01 ± 0.43 vs -0.94 ± 0.64,P < 0.01);2)Among low-weight male college students, the BMD of the upper limbs, thighs, ribs, and pelvis of the low weight obese students was lower than that of the low weight non-obese students (0.68 ± 0.03 vs 0.57 ± 0.01; 1.20 ± 0.04 vs 0.96 ± 0.02;0.87 ± 0.04 vs 0.79 ± 0.06;0.78 ± 0.02 vs 0.69 ± 0.04; 0.91 ± 0.06 vs 0.77 ± 0.06 g/cm2,P < 0.01);3)Among low-weight female college students, the body BMD of the low weight obese students was lower than that of the low weight non-obese students (1.31 ± 0.29 vs 1.13 ± 0.48 g/cm2; P < 0.05);4)Among low-weight female college students, the BMD of the head, upper limbs, thighs, and trunk of the low weight obese students was lower than that of the low weight non-obese students (1.48 ± 0.57 vs 1.23 ± 0.72; 0.74 ± 0.13 vs 0.65 ± 0.20;1.07 ± 0.10 vs 1.02 ± 0.11;0.86 ± 0.07 vs 0.82 ± 0.07 g/cm2,P < 0.05); 5)In male college students, BMI was positively correlated with BMD, T-value and Z value (r = 0.694; 0.676; 0.612,P < 0.01), while BF% was negatively correlated with BMD, T-value and Z value (r = -0.523; -0.509; -0.488,P < 0.01); 6)In female college students, BMI was positively correlated with T-value and Z-value(r = 0.455; 0.261,P < 0.01), and BF% was negatively correlated with T-value and Z-value(r = -0.224; -0.225,P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Low/Normal weight obese college students have poorer bone mineral density. Intervention to promote BMD in this population is of great significance for the prevention of osteoporosis.

Feasibility Study of a Newly Developed Technology-Mediated Lifestyle Intervention for Overweight and Obese Young Adults.

Background: Poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle are common among young adults and increase the risk for chronic diseases later in life. Due to the widespread use of information technology among young adults, the Rashakaty (Fitness for Me) study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a technology-based nutrition education intervention. This would support overweight and obese university students to achieve weight loss, enhance nutrition knowledge, and increase physical activity levels. Methods: We enrolled 246 participants in a 16-week non-randomized feasibility study with two arms: Rashakaty-Basic and Rashakaty-Enhanced. The intervention was guided by social cognitive theory and was delivered via a website and mobile apps. Results: Among the 161 participants who completed the endline assessments, there was no significant difference in weight loss between the two arms. However, waist circumference decreased more (p = 0.003) in the Rashakaty -Enhanced group. Additionally, changes in knowledge related to sources of nutrients (p < 0.001) and diet–disease relationships (p = 0.006) were significantly higher among the Rashakaty-Enhanced group. Rashakaty-Enhanced participants reported increased number of days spent on moderate physical activity (p = 0.013) and minutes walked (p < 0.001). Moreover, they also reported higher scores in social support from friends to reduce fat intake (p = 0.006) and from family and friends to increase physical activity (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this feasibility study can assist in the development and implementation of future technology–mediated health promotion programs in the UAE, especially for young adults.

The Effect of Nutritional Education with Leaflet and Diet Application on Nutritional Status Changes in Obese College Students

Obesity is excessive body fat condition due to differences in energy consumption and expenditure. In Indonesia, the prevalence of obese women &gt;18 years old is 32.9%. Interventions are performed with control eating and increased physical activity through an educational approach. A Leaflet is a print media containing some information, while my weight loss diet application is used by people that want to lose weight. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of nutritional education with leaflet and my weight loss diet application on nutritional status changes in obesity. True experimental design was used with pre-post test on female students divided into two groups in Universitas Brawijaya (n= 44) and selected by purposive sampling. Also, Independent-Samples T-Test and Mann Whitney analysis were conducted. The results showed a body mass index decrease in both media and no significant change related to BMI (p = 0.733). However, the decrease was more shown on the leaflet, where the body fat percentage had a significant change (p = 0.000). Hence, intervention using the leaflet is more effective on nutritional status changes related with BMI and body fat percentage in obese students.

A Comparative Study on Cardiopulmonary Endurance and Energy Metabolism in Obese Male College Students

A Comparative Study on Cardiopulmonary Endurance and Energy Metabolism in Obese Male College Students

Fitness Bag을 활용한 홈 트레이닝 처방이 비만남자 대학생들의 대사질환위험요인과 피로스트레스에 미치는 영향

This study was conducted in order to improve health and feel physically satisfied with obese male college students who are unable to exercise normally in the recent corona 19 era. The exercise was easily carried out in the form of home training prescription using the Fitness Bag, for a total of 8 weeks, 3 times a week to watch TV at home and follow along. Metabolic disease-related factors and fatigue stress were measured twice 0 week and after 8 weeks, and the following conclusions were drawn from the measurement results. As a result of home training using a fitness bag, positive results were found in all items except diastolic blood pressure among the risk factors for metabolic disease in the exercise group. As a result of home training using a fitness bag, a positive result was found in the fatigue stress in the exercise group.<BR> Summarizing the above results, the effect of exercise by reducing metabolic disease risk factors and reducing fatigue stress with Fitness Bag exercise, one of the home training events, for obese male college students who could not exercise properly in the era of Corona 19. Appeared positively. Separately, if obese college students participate properly with their own will at home without using outdoor or indoor sports facilities for exercise centers or sports activities, I think that they will relieve and prevent obesity and lead a healthy college life. As for the exercise program, if self-made home training is more concrete, it is thought that exercise programs that can see various effects will be developed.

비만 대학생들의 혈압, 심박수 및 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was measured and analyzed blood pressure, heart rate, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(PWV) and ankle brachial index(ABI) between groups to examine the effects of obesity on blood pressure, heart rate and vascular elasticity in 25 obese university students and 30 normal-weight university students. The study results are as follows. First, the obese group had a systolic blood pressure that was 8.77mmHg higher than the normal group, which means there was a statistically significant difference(p<.05). The obese group had a diastolic blood pressure of 0.26mmHg higher too, but there was no statistical significance. Second, the obese group’s heart rate was 2.58 times higher than the normal group’s, but there was no statistical significance. Third, the obese group’s PWV in the right upper extremity was 0.03 lower than the normal group’s and it was 0.05 higher in the left upper extremity, but no statistical significance was found. Fourth, the obese group’s ABI in the right lower extremity was 0.03 lower than the normal group’s and it was 0.02 lower in the left lower extremity, but no statistical significance was found. These results demonstrate the obese group has higher blood pressure and heart rate than the normal group even during resting and thus influences vascular elasticity.

10주간의 유도훈련이 비만 대학생들의 혈중 지질, 비만관련호르몬 및 C-반응성 단백질에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 유도 운동프로그램이 이상지질혈증을 유발시키는 혈중 지질과 비만에 관련된 렙틴, 아디포넥틴 및 염증 지표인자인 C-반응성 단백질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 규명하고자 하였으며, 유도 동아리 활동을 참여하고 있는 비만 남자대학생 훈련군 8명, 비교군 8명을 대상으로 하였다. 운동 기간은 10주간으로 실시하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었 다. 10주간의 유도훈련 후 혈중 지질의 LDL-C와 중성지방은 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났으며, 비만관련 호르몬인 아디포넥틴은 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 염증인자인 C-반응성 단백질은 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타나 긍정적인 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 실시한 10주간의 유도훈련 운동프로그램은 대사성질환과 심혈관질환 의 원인인 혈중지질을 개선시킬 뿐만 아니라 체지방의 감소로 인한 아디포넥틴 증가는 비만과 인슐린 저항성을 예방해 줄 것으로 생각된다. 또한 C-반응성 단백질의 감소는 심혈관계 염증반응과 혈전 형성을 방지하여 건강한 대학생활을 영위하는데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

Pengaruh Pemberian Alpukat Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Pada Mahasiswa/i Obesitas Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan Tahun 2019

Background: Cholesterol is a fat that does not dissolve easily in the blood. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is attached to specific protein carriers in the plasma in the form of lipoprotein complexes, which are soluble in water. Lipoprotein which carries cholesterol throughout the body. namely LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). An increase in LDL in the body tends to form atherosclerosis. In contrast HDL cholesterol inhibits LDL oxidation so that atherosclerotic plaque formation does not occur. Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis with manifestations of coronary heart disease. Handling of obesity has been done by many researchers and implemented. One ingredient from nature that serves as an alternative ingredient to lower blood cholesterol levels is avocado.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in the obese college students at the Medical Faculty of Nommensen HKBP University in 2019.&#x0D; Methods :This research is a pre-experimental study with a pre-post test design in one group. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method and obtained 20 obese students. Subjects consumed avocado juice every day for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) treatment.&#x0D; Results: The mean total cholesterol level of the subject's blood on the pretest examination was 188.10 mg / dL and the posttest examination was 180.05 mg / dL. There was a decrease in the average total blood cholesterol level of 8.05 mg / dl. Paired T-test showed that there was a non-significant decrease in mean total blood cholesterol level with a value of p = 0.068 (p &lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: In this study there was no effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in obese students.

Is obesity associated with tooth loss due to caries?

Aim: To investigate the association between obesity, overweight, and tooth loss due to caries among university students of (Federal University of Pelotas) in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study with all first-year students who regularly enrolled in the first semester of 2016 who were invited to respond to a self-administered questionnaire contain socioeconomic and demographic; psychosocial; oral health; behavioral questions. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated through the self-reported data of weight and height. The main outcome of the present study was determined by the person’s that answer having had at least one tooth extracted due to caries. A Poisson regression using a backward stepwise procedure was performed. Two models were tested: i) including socioeconomic and behavioral variables; ii) without behavioral variables. Results: From 3,237 eligible students, 2,089 (64.5%) participated in the present study. Almost 23% of students presented overweight and 8.4% obesity, whereas 362 individuals (17.5%) reported having had at least one tooth extracted due to caries. Regarding the final model adjusted by behavioral variables, it was observed that obese university students presented a 32.0% higher prevalence of tooth loss (PR=0.32,CI95%[1.17–1.49]). However, overweight was not associated with tooth loss in the present sample. When the model was not associated with behavioral variables, overweight was associated with tooth loss (PR=1.44; CI95%[1.15–1.81]), just as obesity (PR=2.13; CI95%[1.63 – 2.78]). Conclusions: Obesity and overweight were associated with tooth loss due to caries in the present sample of university students.

Effect of 5:2 Intermittent Fasting Diet for Weight Loss among Overweight and obese College Students

Objective: A study was designed to determine whether 5:2 intermittent fating diet intervention (IF 5:2 diet) benefits the weight loss among overweight and obese college students. Methods: Nine subjects with BMI>24 were maintained for 4-week IF 5:2 diet in which they ate restrictedly twice a week, while women or men consuming respectively less than 500 or 700 calories on the fasting days from September 2020 to January 2021. The first four weeks were the control phase, while the last four weeks were the intervention phase, with IF 5:2 diet. Results: All indexes measured were no significant difference during the control phase (P>0.05). In the intervention phase, reductions in body weight (2.678±2.230kg) waist circumference (3.389±2.868cm), hip circumference (2.733±2.560cm), BMI (0.875±0.667) and waist-to-height ratio (0.019±0.015) were observed (P<0.05); change of waist-to-hip ratio was not significant (P>0.05). Change of the average number of exercise steps, heart rate and sleep scores were not significant (P>0.05). The fullness on the light fasting day increased significantly (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in hunger, satisfaction, mood and persistence confidence (P>0.05). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that a 4-week IF 5:2 diet has a significant weight loss effect for overweight and obese college students, which effectively improves their body shape, without suffering from hunger for a long time. This diet pattern, with high safety and value, suggests a novel approach for weight loss among overweight and obese college students.