Obese Body Weight Research Articles

Adropin and risk factors of arterial hypertension in patients with excess body weight and obesity

Introduction. Adropin is a hormone that is involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension (AH) and diseases of the cardiovascular system and energy homeostasis, in particular, it reduces insulin resistance by controlling glucose synthesis in the liver. Aim. To investigate the level of adropin and its interaction with risk factors for AH in overweight and obese patients. Materials and methods. 70 patients with AH and overweight or obesity aged 62.4 ± 10.4 years were examined. 10 practically healthy people were selected for the control group. The level of adropin was determined by enzyme immunoassay (Finetest Elisa Kit) in blood serum. The inclusion criteria for participation in the study were: age of patients 40–75 years; arterial hypertension; BMI > 25 kg/m2. Results. It was established that the average level of adropin in patients with AH and comorbid obesity or excess body weight (n = 70) was 775.5 ± 311.7 pg/ml, which is significantly lower than the content of this peptide in practically healthy individuals (n = 10), which was 1084.6 ± 110.2 pg/ml (p < 0.01). A tendency towards a decrease in the level of the hormone in men was noted. It is probably associated with a much higher prevalence of smoking among this category of people, since when assessing the factors contributing to the development of AH and worsening its prognosis, a significant decrease in adropin was found in persons with a history of smoking (p < 0.01). In obese patients (BMI > 30 kg/m2), the level of adropin was significantly lower (p < 0.05), as well as in individuals with blood pressure > 150/90 mm Hg (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The level of serum adropin is significantly reduced in persons with AH and overweight and obesity compared to practically healthy persons. Factors contributing to a decrease in peptide concentration include smoking, obesity, and elevated blood glucose levels. Blood pressure indicators are not critical for changes in blood hormone concentration, which is probably due to medications used to treat AH.

Interleukin 6 receptor is not directly involved in regulation of body weight in diet-induced obesity with and without physical exercise.

High level of interleukin 6 (IL-6), released by adipocytes in an obesity-induced, low grade inflammation state, is a regulator of insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. IL-6 has also regenerative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetogenic functions, when secreted as myokine by skeletal muscles during physical exercise. IL-6 mainly activates cells via two different receptor constellations: classic and trans-signalling, in which IL-6 initially binds to membrane-bound receptor (IL-6R) or soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) before activating signal transducing gp130 receptor. Previously, we generated transgenic soluble IL-6 receptor +/+ (sIL-6R+/+) mice with a strategy that mimics ADAM10/17 hyperactivation, reflecting a situation in which only IL-6 trans-signalling is active, whereas classic signalling is completely abrogated. In this study, we metabolically phenotyped IL-6R deficient mice (IL-6R-KO), sIL-6R+/+ mice and wild-type littermates fed either a standard chow (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) in combination with a 6-weeks treadmill exercise protocol. All mice were subjected to analyses of body weight and body composition, determination of blood glucose and insulin level under fasting conditions, as well as determination of substrate preference by indirect calorimetry. Neither classic IL-6 nor trans-signalling do influence the outcome of diet-induced obesity, insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. Furthermore, IL-6R deficiency is not impairing the beneficial effect of physical exercise. We conclude that the IL-6R does not play a requisite role in regulation of body weight and glucose metabolism in diet-induced obese mice.

Need to Introduce the Finding of Obesity or Normal Body Weight in the Current Diagnostic Criteria and in the Classification of PCOS.

The diagnosis of PCOS is based on the Rotterdam guidelines: chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism (biologic or clinical) and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Two of these three criteria are sufficient for making diagnosis of PCOS. However, one characteristic that is often associated to PCOS (obesity with severe insulin resistance and metabolic alteration regarding glucose metabolism and lipid pattern) has remained out of the current classification of PCOS. Because of this, patients with different metabolic and cardiovascular risk may be included in the same phenotype, and it makes more difficult to establish clear strategies of follow-up and treatment of the patients with increased risks, and also may hide genetic or environmental differences between PCOS patients. Our recent study has shown that metabolic alterations are linked to the weight and not to the Rotterdam phenotypes. Because of this, we suggest a new classification of PCOS phenotypes that divides each Rotterdam phenotype in obese (ob) or lean (l) sub-phenotype. An improved classification of PCOS may be essential for permitting new progress in our understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of PCOS (or of the different disorders that are part of PCOS).

A Review of the Effect of Preparations from Vegetables of the Asteraceae Family and Cucurbitaceae Family on the Cardiovascular System and Its Diseases.

Cardiovascular (CV) system dysfunction can result in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a key cause of death around the world. For many people, the most common treatment choices are still based on various plants used in traditional and folk medicine. Interestingly, many of these plants demonstrate various biological activities and pro-health properties; as such, there has been growing scientific interest in their use as medicines, including treatments for CVDs. Due to their varied biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential, the members of the Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae have long been used in traditional medicine. These properties are believed to derive from the chemical composition of the plants, which includes various flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. Although many of their pro-health properties have been well described, their effect on the cardiovascular system and CVDs remains unclear. The present work reviews the current literature about the effects of preparations of vegetables of the Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae families on the cardiovascular system and CVDs. Various species from the two families demonstrate antioxidant and antiplatelet activities in vitro and in vivo, which play key roles in the prophylaxis and treatment of CVDs. Additionally, some species have been evaluated for their anticoagulant activity. This review also describes the biological properties of these vegetables and discusses their anti-hyperlipidemic action, and their potential for obesity prevention and body weight control.

Correlations of Gene Variants LEP <i>rs2167270</i>, LEPR <i>rs1137100</i>, GHRL <i>rs696217</i>, <i>rs27647</i>, and NPY <i>rs16147</i> with Obesity and Adolescent Eating Behavior: Case-Control Study

Background. Childhood obesity is topical global healthcare issue. The correlations between variable regions of genes encoding leptin and its receptor, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y, and the risk of obesity development in children have not been confirmed completely. Mechanisms for implementing such correlation via the influence of genes on children’s behavior remain unexplored.Objective. The aim of the study is to examine the correlation between leptin, leptin receptor, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y gene variants and obesity in adolescents and their eating behavior.Methods. The study included children aged from 10 to 18 years with exogenous constitutive obesity and normal body weight. Variants in genes for leptin LEP rs2167270, leptin receptor LEPR rs1137100, ghrelin GHRL rs696217 and rs27647, neuropeptide Y NPY rs16147 were determined. Adolescents’ eating behavior was evaluated via psychometric questionnaires DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) and TFEQ (the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire).Results. Gene variant distribution analysis in 150 obese and 150 normal weight children has revealed correlation with obesity for the variant rs1137100 of the LEPR gene (p = 0.001). Variants rs2167270 of the LEP gene (p = 0.015), rs696217 of the GHRL gene (p = 0.040), and rs16147 of the NPY gene (p = 0.020) were associated with adolescent eating behavior predisposing to obesity.Conclusion. The leptin receptor gene variant rs1137100 is associated with obesity in adolescents, and the variants rs2167270 of the leptin gene, rs696217 of the ghrelin gene, and rs16147 of the neuropeptide Y gene are associated with changes in eating behavior.

Influence of the FTO polymorphism rs17817449 on the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in Upper Silesian population — a preliminary, cross-sectional study

Introduction: Obesity is considered to be one of the most prevalent health problems which lead to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases thus increasing mortality rate and decreasing life expectancy, particularly in western countries. The variants within the FTO gene were identified to be associated with adiposity and diabetes in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Aim of the study: To investigate the association between FTO rs17817449 polymorphism and risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, lipid disorders, and cardiovascular diseases: arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD). Material and methods: Study group consisted of 295 patients (159 women and 136 men). Collected venous blood samples were stored at minus 70 C until the study group was completed. In the laboratory of the Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze the DNA material was isolated, proper concentration of the DNA (15 ng/μL) were prepared and quality and quantity were checked by spectrophotometry. Allelic discrimination was performed in Roche Lightcycler96 thermocycler with the use of fluorescent-labeled TaqMan Pre-designed SNP Genotyping Assay probes. Results: BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference did not differ by rs17817449 genotype. There were no significant differences in genotypes distribution between patients with obesity and normal body weight. We found a significant association of GT, but not GG genotype with lower risk of arterial hypertension (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.325–0.940; p = 0.003) and coronary artery disease (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.145–0.620); p = 0.001). The frequencies of the FTO genotypes did not differ significantly between individuals with and without diabetes. Parameters of lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TAG) and carbohydrate metabolism (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI) did not differ by s17817449 genotype. Conclusion: The association between the FTO polymorphism in rs17817449 and increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Upper Silesian population was not confirmed in this study. The rs17817449 variant of FTO gene may be related to decreased risk of arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease. Further studies in a larger cohort are required to confirm the association between FTO polymorphism in rs17817449 or/and in other FTO gene polymorphisms and diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

ENDOTHELIAL COMPLICATIONS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH OBESITY OR NORMAL BODY WEIGHT AFTER COVID-19

Objective: To study the contribution of a COVID-19 to endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients with obesity or normal body weight. Design and method: 59 hypertensive patients, male and female, aged 20–50 years (40.2 ± 6.7 years), with blood pressure (BP) under control, without diabetes, non-smokers were included in the study. All of them were divided into three groups: I (n = 13) - patients with obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2) and 1 month after COVID-19; II (n = 11) - patients with normal body weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 1 month after COVID-19; III (n = 25) - patients with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) without COVID-19. Patients of Ith and IIIth groups were comparable in BMI and BP levels. LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides levels, office systolic BP and diastolic BP, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) study to assessed endothelial function, were performed in all groups. Calculation was done with software STATISTICA 6.0. Results: Post-COVID-19 patients with obesity had significantly higher levels LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, systolic BP and diastolic BP then in post-COVID-19 patients with normal body weight: 3.5 ± 0.7 mmol/l vs 3.02 ± 0.62 mmol/l (p < 0.05), 3.5 ± 2.9 mmol/l vs 1.10 ± 0.3 mmol/l (p < 0.05), 141 ± 9.6 mmHg vs 123 ± 10.3 mmHg (p < 0.05), 89.5 ± 10.01 mmHg vs 76 ± 8.8 mmHg (p < 0.05) respectively. FMD were significantly lower in patients with obesity and COVID-19 (3.6 ± 2.9%, p < 0.05) then in patients with normal body weight and COVID-19 (8.7 ± 3.4%, p < 0,05) and in patients with obesity without COVID-19 (4.2 ± 3.6%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study highlights that chronic impairment of systemic vascular endothelial function in patients with obesity, when intensified by the detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 over the endothelium, may explain their worse outcomes in COVID-19. However, obesity itself is one of important factors contributing to deterioration of endothelial function.

Phytochemical Combination (p-Synephrine, p-Octopamine Hydrochloride, and Hispidulin) for Improving Obesity in Obese Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet.

Obesity treatment efficiency can be increased by targeting both central and peripheral pathways. In a previous study, we identified two natural compounds (hispidulin and p-synephrine) that affect adipocyte differentiation. We tested whether obesity treatment efficiency may be improved by adding an appetite-controlling agent to the treatment in the present study. Alkaloids, such as p-octopamine, are adrenergic agonists and are thus used as dietary supplements to achieve weight loss. Here, we assessed anti-obesity effects of a mixture of p-synephrine, p-octopamine HCl, and hispidulin (SOH) on murine preadipocyte cells and on mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). SOH showed stronger inhibition of the formation of red-stained lipid droplets than co-treatment with hispidulin and p-synephrine. Moreover, SOH reduced the expression of adipogenic marker proteins, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. In the HFD-induced obesity model, body weight and dietary intake were lower in mice treated with SOH than in the controls. Additionally, liver weight and the levels of alanine aminotransferase and total cholesterol were lower in SOH-treated mice than in the controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that consumption of SOH may be a potential alternative strategy to counteract obesity.

The role of body fat in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and severity: A Mendelian randomisation study

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the potential causal associations of body mass index, height, weight, fat mass, fat percentage and non-fat mass in the whole body, arms, legs and trunk (henceforth, ‘anthropometric measures’) with multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and severity. We also investigated the potential for reverse causation between anthropometric measures and MS risk. Methods: We conducted a two-sample univariable, multivariable and bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis. Results: A range of features linked to obesity (body mass index, weight, fat mass and fat percentage) were risk factors for MS development and worsened the disease’s severity in MS patients. Interestingly, we were able to demonstrate that height and non-fat mass have no association with MS risk or MS severity. We demonstrated that the association between anthropometric measures and MS is not subject to bias from reverse causation. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence from human genetics that a range of features linked to obesity is an important contributor to MS development and MS severity, but height and non-fat mass are not. Importantly, these findings also identify a potentially modifiable factor that may reduce the accumulation of further disability and ameliorate MS severity.

Role of Neurotensin Receptor‐1 Expression in Dopamine Neurons for Feeding, Locomotor and Anxiety Behaviors

The dopamine (DA) system is essential for motivated feeding and locomotion, but disruption of this system is implicated in the development of obesity and low body weight, namely anorexia nervosa. All DA neurons transiently express the neurotensin receptor‐1 (NtsR1) during development, suggesting that this receptor may contribute to the establishment and/or function of the DA system. Thus, we hypothesized that lacking NtsR1 expression in DA neurons impairs the function of the DA system and DA‐dependent feeding, locomotor activity, and anxiety behaviors. To test this, we crossed DATCre/+ and NtsR1flox/floxmice to generate mice with intact NtsR1 (Controls ‐ DAT+/+; NtsR1flox/flox) or mice in which NtsR1 was selectively deleted from DA neurons (DATCre/+; NtsR1flox/floxmice). We then assessed mice of each genotype and sex for feeding and physical activity, DA‐dependent behaviors and body weight. Feeding and body weight were similar in Control mice and those lacking NtsR1 from DA neurons. However, mice lacking NtsR1 in DA neurons exhibited more locomotor activity than Control mice. This altered locomotor activity was not due to altered stress or anxiety like behaviors, nor differences in dopamine‐ dependent behaviors, as these were similar between Control and NtsR1‐deficient mice. Thus, in contrast to our hypothesis, developmental deletion of NtsR1 deletion from dopamine neurons does not disrupt regulation of body weight or behavior, and is likely not a pathogenetic contributor to disordered body weight.

Innate PD-L1 limits T cell-mediated adipose tissue inflammation and ameliorates diet-induced obesity.

Obesity has become a major health problem in the industrialized world. Immune regulation plays an important role in adipose tissue homeostasis; however, the initial events that shift the balance from a noninflammatory homeostatic environment toward inflammation leading to obesity are poorly understood. Here, we report a role for the costimulatory molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the limitation of diet-induced obesity. Functional ablation of PD-L1 on dendritic cells (DCs) using conditional knockout mice increased weight gain and metabolic syndrome during diet-induced obesity, whereas PD-L1 expression on type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), T cells, and macrophages was dispensable for obesity control. Using in vitro cocultures, DCs interacted with T cells and ILC2s via the PD-L1:PD-1 axis to inhibit T helper type 1 proliferation and promote type 2 polarization, respectively. A role for PD-L1 in adipose tissue regulation was also shown in humans, with a positive correlation between PD-L1 expression in visceral fat of people with obesity and elevated body weight. Thus, we define a mechanism of adipose tissue homeostasis controlled by the expression of PD-L1 by DCs, which may be a clinically relevant finding with regard to immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Dendropanax trifidus Sap-Mediated Suppression of Obese Mouse Body Weight and the Metabolic Changes Related with Estrogen Receptor Alpha and AMPK-ACC Pathways in Muscle Cells.

Dendropanax trifidus (DT) is a medicinal herb native to East Asia, which has been used extensively for its therapeutic properties in traditional medicine. In this study, we examined the effects of DT sap on the regulation of body weight and muscle metabolism in mice. Obese model db/db mice were administered daily with DT sap or vehicle control over a 6-week period. The effects of DT sap on muscle metabolism were studied in C2C12 muscle cells, where glycolytic and mitochondrial respiration rates were monitored. As AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of metabolism and plays an important function as an energy sensor in muscle tissue, signaling pathways related with AMPK were also examined. We found that DT sap inhibited body weight increase in db/db, db/+, and +/+ mice over a 6-week period, while DT sap-treated muscle cells showed increased muscle metabolism and also increased phosphorylation of AMPK and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC). Finally, we found that DT sap, which is enriched in estrogen in our previous study, significantly activates estrogen alpha receptor in a concentration-dependent manner, which can drive the activation of AMPK signaling and may be related to the muscle metabolism and weight changes observed here.

Long-acting amylin analogues for the management of obesity.

To summarize recent developments of long-acting amylin analogues for the treatment of obesity and to outline their mode of action. Amylin is a pancreatic hormone acting to control energy homeostasis and body weight. Activity at the calcitonin and amylin receptors in the area postrema seems to - at least partly - be responsible for these effects of amylin. Both preclinical and early-stage clinical studies investigating long-acting amylin receptor analogues demonstrate beneficial effects on body weight in obesity. Cagrilintide, a novel amylin analogue suitable for once-weekly administration, is in phase II clinical development and has shown promising body weight reducing effects alone and in combination with the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist semaglutide. Long-acting amylin analogues have emerged as a possible pharmacotherapy against obesity, but more studies are needed to support the utility and long-term effects of this strategy in relevant populations.

Sinapic acid restores blood parameters, serum antioxidants, and liver and kidney functions in obesity.

Obesity is an additional body fat that causes a harmful effect on human health while sinapic acid (SA) is a phyto-constituent presents in spices, citrus, berry fruits, and vegetables. This study evaluates SA to amend blood parameters, serum glucose, proteins, lipids, and antioxidants, and liver and kidney functions in obese rats. Thirty male albino rats were divided into 2 groups (normal and obese rats). The normal, non-obese rats subdivided into 2 subgroups; Control and SA (40mg/kg) subgroup: daily oral intake of 1ml saline and 40mg/kg SA, respectively once a day. The obese rats subdivided also into 3 subgroups; Obese, Obese + SA (20mg/kg), and Obese + SA (40mg/kg)-treated groups which received no treatment, 20mg/kg SA, and 40mg/kg SA, respectively once a day. All treatments were orally administrated for 1month. The results showed that obesity caused an increase in body and organ weight, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glucose, bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen while decrease serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, hemoglobin, hematocrite, red blood cells, white blood cells, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, and uric acid compared to control group. Obesity caused disappearance of prothrombin and fibrinogen proteins and damages to liver and kidney tissues. The oral administration with SA daily for 1month in obese rats returned all these parameters to the control values where the higher dose of SA was more effective than the lower dose. In conclusion, SA restores body and organ weight, blood parameters, serum glucose, proteins, lipids, antioxidants, and liver and kidney functions in obesity.

Risks for obesity development, features of food behavior and bio-impedansemetric parameters in adolescents

Background. The problem of obesity in adolescents has gained its medical and social relevance since the incidence of the disease is steadily increasing. The purpose of the study is to improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis and prevention of obesity in adolescents. Materials and methods. To study the risk factors for obesity, a comparative assessment of lifestyle among adolescents aged 15–17 years with obesity, overweight and physiological body weight was conducted. In adolescents of the same age with comorbid obesity (basic group), overweight and physiological body weight (two comparison groups), the types of food behavior were determined using the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ). Bioelectrical indicators of bio-impedancemetric analysis were studied on a Tanita apparatus (Japan). The probability of differences in mean values was determined using Student’s t-test. Results. It was found that the frequency of imbalance of the food pyramid, movement disorders, sleep and rest, nervous tension, burdened heredity increased significantly among obese adolescents. Obesity was found to dominate by external type of eating behavior (57.2 %); at the excess weight — restrictive type (60 %); at physiological body weight — emotional type (40 %). Bio-impedancemetry showed that the reliable bioelectrical parameters of obesity were total fat (35.5 ± 4.5 % and 29 ± 2 % vs. 17.5 ± 2.5 %); visceral fat (17 ± 2 % and 12 ± 3 % vs. 8.5 ± 1.5 %); and metabolic age (33 ± 8 and 21.5 ± 1.5 years versus 16 ± 1 years). Conclusions. Risk factors for obesity include the imbalance of the food pyramid, movement disorders, sleep and rest, nervous tension, bad habits, burdened heredity. The predominance of external type of eating behavior in obesity, restrictive — in overweight and emotional type in adolescents with physiological body weight should be taken into account when prescribing personalized lifestyle adjustments. The most informative bioelectrical parameters of bio-impedancemetry were total fat, visceral fat, and metabolic age. Bio-impedancemetry as a non-invasive predictive method of diagnosing obesity can be recommended for widespread implementation in pediatric practice.

Berbamine reduces body weight via suppression of small GTPase Rab8a activity and activation of paraventricular hypothalamic neurons in obese mice

Small GTPase Rab8a is involved in fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27) mediated lipid droplet accumulation in adipocytes. By screening inhibitors of Rab8a GTPase from a natural compound library, berbamine (BBM), a marketing drug for treatment of leukopenia in China, was identified to inhibit the activity of Rab8a GTPase and block the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Animal study showed that BBM could reduce body weight, improved glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) C57BL/6 mice and db/db mice. Additional, BBM increased energy expenditure and inhibited food intake in mice but not in lean mice. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of BBM inhibited feeding behavior and increased c-Fos expression in paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) of mice. Our data suggest that BBM may improve obesity through the inhibition of Rab8a GTPase activity and the activation of anorexigenic energy-sensing neuron in PVH.

PECULIARITIES OF OBESITY EFFECTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATE OF PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA.

The aim: To study the effect of concomitant obesity in patients with bronchial asthma on quality of life and psychoemotional state depending on the phase of the disease. Materials and methods: 176 patients with bronchial asthma in different phases of the disease with normal weight, pre-obesity and obesity were examined. The quality of life and psycho-emotional state of the patients was determined by the «Sent George Respiratory Question» and the Spielberger-Hanin and Beck tests. Results: All studied patients, showed significant violations of the psychoemotional sphere, a decrease in quality of life compared to healthy individuals (p<0.05). The remission phase revealed a deterioration in the quality of life of patients with overweight and obesity compared to patients with normal weight (p<0.05), in the exacerbation phase - with obesity and normal body weight (p < 0.05). Exacerbation negatively affected the psycho-emotional sphere in patients with normal body weight and obesity (p<0.05). Conclusions: The quality of life was reduced in all studied patients, regardless of body mass index(p<0.05), and the exacerbation of the disease worsened it (p < 0.05), increased depressive tendencies in patients with normal body weight and obesity (p<0.05). In patients with obesity, the worst quality of life indicators were found in the remission phase (p<0.05) and more pronounced depressive tendencies in the exacerbation phase than in the pre-obesity group (p<0.05). The most important indicators determining the course of bronchial asthma are quality of life and body mass index.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Aloe Vera, Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, Curcuma Longa, Garcinia Cambogia, and Garcinia Mangostana Extracts in Lowering Body Weight in Obesity: A Literature Review

The habits of today's society, which are influenced by economic growth and globalization have brought new lifestyles, especially those related to diet, resulting in minimal physical activity accompanied by a high calorie intake. This energy imbalance can lead to the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, which is still a burden on the world today. Some plants in Indonesia are believed to help lose weight, such as Aloe vera, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Garcinia cambogia, and Garcinia mangostana. This literature review was conducted to determine the effects of Aloe vera, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Garcinia cambogia, and Garcinia mangostana on weight loss and preventing obesity. The review of twelve relevant articles concluded that Aloe vera, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Garcinia cambogia, and Garcinia mangostana have the potential to prevent and treat obesity but further research is required.

Роль здоров'язберігаючих технологій у збереженні здоров'я школярів

Finding ways to keep pupils healthy is an important and actual problem for health regulation authorities. In this regard, health technologies are being actively developed, their introduction allows to maintain the level of health which children had before entering school. Purpose — to evaluate the impact of health saving technology «Education in movement» on pupils' health conditions. Materials and methods. Deep complex clinical instrumental examinations among 153 children were conducted in public institution «Kyiv Regional Children's Hospital» before they entered the school and during І–ІV classes. Among them 65 middle school pupils of school No. 287 based in Kyiv, where health saving technology «Education in movement» of professor O.D. Dubogai is implemented as 1(main) group. And 88 pupils of school No. 3 based in Boyarka (Kyiv Region), which studied generally accepted methods as 2 group (control). Results. Usage of HST «Education in movement» allowed to increase the share of children of harmonic development from 27.7% to 63.9% (p&lt;0.05) among with the body weight normalisation (from 20.0% to 16.7%), while in comparative group no changes happened (38.6 and 41.7% correspondingly) with increased share of pupils with obesity and excess body weight (from 33.4% to 50.0%) (p&lt;0.05). Usage of HST «Education in movement» сertainly increases adaptive and spare capabilities of early school aged children and influences their cardiovascular system in a positive way: based on Babaev index (97.2% vs 33.3% in control group) (р&lt;0.05); based on Ruffie probe has higher and higher than average levels of funсtional heart reserve after finishing 1st primary school had 77.6% and 8.4% pupils (р&lt;0.001); based on clinic orthostatic probe share of pupils with physiological reactions of hemodynamics while changing position of the body increased from 65.9% до 44.4%. It's proved that implementation of HST «Education in movement» grades the difference in adaptive and spare capabilities among 6 and 7 year old children. HST «Education in movement» also has positive influence on functional condition of respiratory system among pupils by increasing satisfactorily chest excursion rate (from 41.5% to 88.9%) (p&lt;0.05), satisfactorily Stange probe (from 67.0% to 87.0%), high life index rate (from 58.5 to 97.2%), which accompanied with high level of anti-infectious resistance pupils primary school age with a decrease quantity of missed lessons as a result GRI per year on one student (18.7 and 15.9 days in 1 and 4 classes accordingly) their complications (15.1% and 3.5% and 14.9%, and 16.2% on control) in 4th class never get sick 16.3%, but in control group only 5.25% (p&lt;0.05). In main group the share of pupils with functional disorders of CVS has decreased (from 30.8% to 8.3%) (р&lt;0.001), in control group increased (from 46.6% to 58.3%) with trustworthy increase of problems with locomotion apparatus (from 29.5% to 44.4%), digestive diseases (from 21.9% to 36.0%), respiration (from 7.9% to 44.4%) and endocrine system (from 32.5% to 50.0%) (р&lt;0.05). After 4 years of HST implementation in the main group the positive dynamic of decreased number of children with high level of anxiety has been observed. In the control group opposite — number of people with high levels of anxiety has increased, which influenced general health conditions and success in school. Conclusions. Optimal research results confirmed that implementation of health saving technology «Education in movement» contributes to the maintenance of the same level of heath which children had before they entered the school. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: health saving technologies, pupils, health, physical activities, optimal nutrition.

Gambaran Kadar Glukosa pada Penderita Obesitas

Obesity or excess body weight is a predisposing factor for various diseases, one of which is because the accumulation of fatty tissue causes insulin resistance and causes an increase in sugar levels. This study aims to determine the description of glucose levels in obese patients. This research method is carried out through literature review that comes from various related studies, the stages starting from data collection, deepening the problem to be studied, then processing and analyzing the data obtained. From the literature results obtained several descriptions of glucose levels with various criteria for different respondents. Based on the description of various research results, it is found that there are differences in the value of blood sugar levels in obese and non-obese people and there is no relationship between physical activity and fasting blood glucose levels in DM patients