Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis Research Articles

Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis and its Role in the Alleviation of Arthritic Pain: A Review

Background: A plant is a reservoir of potentially useful active chemical entities which act as drugs as well as intermediates for the discovery of newer molecules and provide newer leads for modern drug synthesis. The demand for new compounds in the field of medicine and biotechnology is centuries old and with a rise in chronic diseases and resistance to existing drugs in the field of anti-infective agents, the chemicals obtained from plant sources have been an area of attraction. The whole plant has possessed multiple pharmacological activities. This is scientifically established by in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Methods: Various electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google were searched to collect the data of the present review. All the collected information is categorized into different sections as per the aim of the paper. Results: Fifty-six research and review papers have been studied and were included in this review article. After a detailed study, we provide a significant description of various phytochemicals present in Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn., which is responsible for various pharmacological activities. Twenty of studied articles gives a general introduction and ethnobotanical information about the plant, two papers contained microscopic detail of leaf and fruit. Twenty papers contained information about the phytoconstituents present in different parts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis plant and fourteen articles reported pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antimicrobial and immunobiotic activity. Conclusion: This review explores the published research work comprising the ethnobotanical description of the subjected plant, distribution, phytochemical profile, and arthritis-related pharmacological activities.

Evaluation of Gene Expression and In Vitro Enzyme Study for Antiaging Effect of Crocin and Lutein

Background: Tubular calyx of flowers of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis contains an apocarotenoid crocin, a major constituent present in saffron stigma. The flowers of N. arbortristis are readily available, hence can be an economic substitute for saffron. Lutein from flowers of Tagetes patula, is another carotenoid which is a popular antioxidant. Objective: Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the process of aging. Carotenoids are powerful antioxidants. Hence, the study was carried out to evaluate anticollagenase activity and antielastase activity using gene expression study in Human dermal fibroblasts. Methods: Crocin was isolated from the tubular calyx of Nyctanthes arbortristis using flash chromatographic technique and lutein was isolated using column chromatography. Anticollagenase and antielastase activity of crocin and lutein were carried out using collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum as enzyme and porcine pancreatic elastase. Cytotoxicity of crocin and lutein was determined in Human Dermal Fibroblast cell line (HDF) through MTT assay. In gene expression study, the HDF Cell line was inoculated with Crocin (450 and 250 ppm) and lutein (100 and 50 ppm) separately for 24 hrs and the m-RNA expression levels of COL Type-1 and elastin were determined using RT-PCR. The results were compared with standards. Result: Crocin and lutein both showed inhibition of collagenase and elastase enzyme which are responsible for aging process. The cytotoxic concentration CTC 50 (ppm) for Crocin and lutein was found to be 790.2 ppm and 137.14 ppm. Gene expression study on crocin rich extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis showed upregulation of both collagen and elastin gene whereas lutein rich extract having concentration100 μg/ml showed up regulation by 0.02 fold and concentration 50 μg/ml showed down regulation. Conclusion: In vitro collagenase and elastase enzyme study and Gene expression study showed that these carotenoids are potential antiageing agents which can be substituted to synthetic cosmeceuticals as well as saffron.

Predicting the characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles using Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flower extract via antibacterial study


 
 
 Copper oxide (CuO) is an inorganic compound with monoclinic crystal structure. CuO nano particles attracted considerable attention due to its numerous applications in the field of optical, catalytic, mechanical, organic dye degeneration, biomedicine, pharmaceutics,cosmetics and different medical purposes. In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles have been prepared by biological method using the flower extracts of Nyctanthes arbortristis as a reducing agent. The resulting samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDX), UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV) and Antibacterial activity. From XRD studies, the average crystalline size of the obtained sample was calculated by Debye-Scherrer formula and it was found to be 33.13 nm. The band gap energy of the synthesized nano particle was estimated from UV studies and its value is 1.19 eV. The morphological characteristics were absorbed by SEM studies. The EDX and FTIR studies confirm the presence of Copper Oxide nano particles.The antibacterial activity of CuO-nano particles on selected bacteria was done using agar diffusion method.
 
 

Standardization of Ayurvedic Drug- Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Hippophae salicifolia, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Reinwardtia indica and Combined Herb-Herb

The herbal medicines have reached extensive acceptability as therapeutic agents for various clinical diseases due to global demand. Therefore, standardization is the essential and initial step to drug development. It is for the establishment of consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile and biomarker identification. It improves the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine to provide the best herbal medicine to society and increase popularity rather than non-standardized extracts. In addition, it is essential to practice or maintain a quality assurance program for the production and manufacturing of herbal medicine that includes the basis of organoleptic characters and photomicrographs, physicochemical, proximate analysis phytochemical evaluation and quality control analysis and order to assess the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles. WHO has provided specific guidelines for the assessment of the safety, efficacy and quality of herbal drugs as a prerequisite for global harmonization and of utmost importance. In the present study, the herbal extracts were cleaned, dried in the shade and powdered by passing through the sieve as per the method described in the standard protocol. An overview covering various techniques employed in the extraction and characterization of Nyctanthes arbortristis, Hippophae salicifolia, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Reinwardtia indica, standardization is reported in this study. The obtained data would be very significant for future clinical aspects, as the bioactive molecules present in the extracts may exhibit synergistic effect with other bioactive compound and show a better therapeutic value. Thus, this study provides standardized and therapeutically potential data of active polyherbal formulations for the different ailments.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL CREAM

Objective: Eugenia caryophyllus, Zingiber officinale and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis are medicinal plants; these plants are used traditionally from ancient year in the various herbal medicinal system such as Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Siddha. The clove buds of Eugenia caryophyllus, rhizomes of Zingiber officinale and dried leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis have anti-inflammatory analgesic activity. The present research was focus on the formulation of polyherbal cream and their evaluation by using various evaluation parameters of the present research are to formulate polyherbal cream and to evaluate the polyherbal cream.
 Methods: the slab method was used for the preparation of cream.
 Results: The evaluation parameters are coming under this heading physical parameter like color was slightly white green, the odor was characteristics, consistency was smooth and the state was semisolid. PH of the cream was 6.5; Spreadability was 7.4g. cm/sec time required for this test was 15 sec, Washability was easily washable, the cream was nonirritant, viscosity of the formulated cream was 39010 cps and no phase separation was observed during storage of polyherbal cream.
 Conclusion: This cream formulation was used in rheumatoid arthritis to reduce joint pains. This cream formulation was o/w type of emulsion; hence this formulation was easily washed with plane water after application.

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Herbal Formulation Using Natural Extract

Our study is intended to prepare and evaluate the polyherbal formulation (PHF) using Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Piper nigrum, and lemon juice. Poly Herbal Formulation F1 and F2 were synthesised and subjected to qualitative, quantitative phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity was measured using a standard protocol. Antimicrobial activity of PHFs was observed by the agar well diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities (In-vitro) were studied in F1 by using inhibition of albumin denaturation method. TLC and FTIR are done for the structural elucidation in F1. The F1 and F2 exhibited the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, saponins, Glycosides and proteins. The F1 and F2 show significant activity against the standard in the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The presence of flavonoids and alkaloids may contribute to the anti-microbial activity. The Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity and a metal chelating assay of the F1 possess the highest antioxidant activity of 73.1% and 69% respectively. TLC confirms the presence of flavonoids in F1. FTIR spectrum shows the functional group of amines, alcohols, nitrites, aromatic and aliphatic compounds. These FTIR bands denote stretching and vibrational bands responsible for the compounds like flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols and amino acids. This investigation shows the excellent result in antimicrobial, antioxidant and in-vitro anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. In future, the PHF of F1 can be used as potent therapeutical agents and can be further exploited for their other beneficial effect in the pharmacological studies.

The complete chloroplast genome of Myxopyrum hainanense and phylogenic analysis of Oleaceae

We assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Myxopyrum hainanense to investigate its phylogenetic position. The plastome is 156,064 bp in length, which is comprised of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,851 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,837 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,688 bp. The overall GC content of the plastome was 37.7. The new sequence comprised total 135 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 40 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. hainanense was close to Nyctanthes arbor-tristis.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL TABLETS CONTAINING NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTS LEAVES

Objective: To formulate arthritic pain relieving tablets and evaluation of tablets.
 Methods: The preparation of dry powder of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves, 1% Acacia solution, 1%HPMC-10 solution, 1% Sodium alginate solution. The wet granulation method was used for the formulation of herbal tablets.
 Results: Based on the pre-formulation study, the flow property of granules was good. The physical parameters of compressed tablets color were Greenish white for F1 and F3 batch, Dark greenish-white color for F2batch. The weight variation test, hardness, thickness, friability and disintegration time for F1 batch was found to be [497±5%, 3.3±0.17, 4.00±0.005, 0.81%, 28] respectively, For F2 batch [506±5%, 3.13±0.01, 3.66±0.023, 1.43%, 25] respectively, For F3 batch [502.5±5%, 3.13±0.01, 3.96±0.001, 1.8%, 32] respectively.
 Conclusion: The formulated herbal tablets were used to manage arthritic pain. Based on the results, it is concluded that the formulation and evaluation of herbal tablets were good.

Chemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Harsingar (Nyctanthes arbortristis) essential oil

The present investigation deal with study of chemical composition of Harsingar (Nyctanthes arbortristis) essential oil from leaves antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of essential oil, major compound eugenol and its derivatives. The essential oil was extracted through hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry analysis of essential oil revealed the presence of eugenol (88.20 %) as major compound which was isolated from essential oil by column chromatography. It was chemically transformed into two derivatives i.e. eugenol -5- aldehyde (2) and 5-allyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid (3). The essential oil, eugenol and its derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disc plate method and against Fusarium oxysporum using agar well diffusion method. They were also evaluated for their antioxidant potential by 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and NO free radical scavenging activities. The essential oil showed maximum antibacterial potential with diameter of inhibition zone of 23.8 and 26.3 mm at 1000 μg/ml against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa respectively. 5-allyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid (3) was most effective against F. oxysporum with maximum diameter of inhibition zone of 29.5 mm at 2500 μg/ml. Eugenol (1) showed maximum antioxidant potential with 90.77 and 88.99 % radical scavenging in DPPH and NO radical scavenging assays having IC50 values of 18.07 and 26.50 μg/ml respectively. Harsingar essential oil, eugenol and its derivatives may be used as promising antimicrobial and antioxidising agents and will help in the development of natural antimicrobials and antioxidants as substitute for their synthetic analogues.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis mediated silver sulphide nano particles: Synthesis, characterization and anti-inflammatory activities

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis mediated silver sulphide nano particles: Synthesis, characterization and anti-inflammatory activities

Biosynthesis of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles using flower extract of nyctanthes arbor-tristis and their photocatalytic activity

In the present study, we adopted, a green approach for the synthesis of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles using the aqueous flower extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. This extract served as the reducing agent for the synthesis of ZnFe2O4. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction studies which indicated the formation of single phase ZnFe2O4. The size of the nanoparticles was in the range of 4.5–12 nm with calcination temperature as revealed from X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy. Photocatalysis studies were made on RhodamineB dye, to assess the degradation capability of the nanopowders calcined at different temperature.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis: Comprehensive review on its pharmacological, antioxidant, and anticancer activities

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis: Comprehensive review on its pharmacological, antioxidant, and anticancer activities

Estimation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of Aqueous Extracts from the Leaves of Nyctanthes Arbortristis on Albino Rats

Estimation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of Aqueous Extracts from the Leaves of Nyctanthes Arbortristis on Albino Rats

Pharmacological In vivo test to evaluate the antidepressant activity of polyherbal formulation

The antidepressant effects of the polyherbal formulation (PF) (contain four extracts of medicinal plants namely: Nyctanthes arbortristis, Hippophae salcifolia, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Withania somnifera ) was examined by evaluating the extent of reduction of behavioural alterations and neurotransmitter in the rats stressed by forced swim test (FST). In the present study, compared with the model control group (FST), the altered behavioural parameters were attenuated significantly (P < 0.05) in the group treated with the PF (100, 200 and 400 mg•kg−1), comparable with the standard drug treated group, Sertraline (10mg•kg−1). The PF and Sertraline significantly (P < 0.05) increased the level of the neurotransmitter such as serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenalin whereas decreased the level of monoamine oxidase along with oxidant in the brain of the stressed rats. PF and Sertraline were also involved in the reduced oxidant and generated antioxidant in the stressed rats. The results indicated that polyherbal formulation exhibited significant antidepressant activity, as indicated by its ability to decrease force swim stress, induced immobility time in rats as well as restoring the biogenic amines to normal level that were altered by the swim induced stress in whole rat brain. Therefore, PF can be a potential candidate for treatment of depression as well as a potent antidepressant. However, further studies are required to substantiate the same.

Anti-diabetic Activity of Few India Indigenous Medicinal Plants

The traditional system of medicine is so ingrained in our culture that, about 75% of the Indian population depends on this indigenous system for relief. With such a huge section of an ever increasing population relying on herbal remedies, it is imperative that the plant products which have been in use for such a long time be scientifically supported for their efficacy. Diabetes a metabolic disorders is most frequent occurring disease in India. The present paper reports with the investigation of antidiabetic potential of Eugenia jambolana (Bark), Phyllanthus niruri (Whole plant), Momordica charantia Linn. (Seeds) and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Leaves). Keywords:

A Review of Botanicals Exhibiting Antifungal Activity Against Malassezia spp. Implicated in Common Skin Conditions

Purpose of ReviewThe integration of botanicals in commercial cosmeceuticals, personal care products, and home remedies has fostered a need for a better understanding of the potential efficacies of these interventions. This review identified plants with antifungal activity against Malassezia, a commensal yeast implicated in inflammatory skin conditions. We sought to discover plants with potent activity comparable or superior to current antifungal agents.Recent FindingsMalassezia plays a unique role in the pathology of skin disease, encoding for extracellular lipases that initiate an inflammatory response on the surface of the skin and prevent attack through the creation of biofilms. Antifungal resistance is on the rise, with current agents demonstrating increasing minimum inhibitory concentrations when tested in vitro.SummarySeveral plant species exhibited anti-Malassezia activity, including Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Allium sativum, and Hypericum perforatum, among others. We recommend further research aimed at identification of the plant secondary metabolites responsible for this activity.

Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles by an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

Biofabrication of metal nanoparticles is a cost-effective, one-step and ecofriendly technique. Cell filtrate of an endophytic fungus isolated from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis was challenged with 1 mM solution of AgNO3 for the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis. A reduction of silver ions into AgNPs was observed by surface plasmon resonance at absorption maxima 422 nm. The average size of AgNPs was 35.05 nm. The maximum inhibition zones by AgNPs were 14 mm each against E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to AgNO3 solution used as control (10 mm and 9 mm). The fungus was identified as Phomopsis helianthi by the sequencing of ITS region of rDNA. This experiment demonstrates a single-step and ecofriendly method for biosynthesis of AgNPs and their usage as an antimicrobial agent.

In vitro Callus Cultures for Enhanced Production of Flavonoid (Quercetin) Content, its Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Nyctanthes arbortristis

Flavonoids have stirred extensive intrigue in light of their potential helpful impact on human wellbeing. Quercetin is a standout amongst the most copious regular flavonoids present in therapeutic plants. The present study was planned to study the in vitro production of flavonoids in callus culture of Nyctanthes arbortristis using different plant growth regulators, and screening of antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves. The callus was produced by transferring the sterile leaves on MS medium containing different concentration of cytokinins like 0.5 mg/l BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 1.0 mg/l KN (kinetin) with auxins like 0.5 - 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D (2 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Nyctanthes arbortristis leaves and callus were prepared. The content of quercetin in plant extract and callus extract were performed by HPLC. The antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves were performed by using agar well diffusion and spectroscopy antibacterial activity method. The phytochemical study uncovered the nearness of different secondary metabolites in various extract of plant. The HPLC study confirmed the presence of methoxylated flavonoid quercetin-3,3’-dimethoxy-7-0-rhamnoglucopyranose as a active component in extract. The callus contained higher amount of quercetin compared to fresh leaves. The antibacterial screening results showed that ethanol extract of Nyctanthus arbortristis leaves has been observed an efficient antibacterial effect against different microbes namely S. aureus, E. coli, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa.

Improved method for separation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using the Nyctanthes arbor-tristis shrub

Abstract Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles through green chemistry approach has evolved into a new era of research; however, the heterogeneous size and dispersity of silver nanoparticles have limited its applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, plasmon resonance, and more specifically in the medical field of target drug delivery and therapeutic activity. Here-we investigated the effect of purification and separation modes on the dispersity, size, and morphology of silver nanoparticles, synthesized by plant extract (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis). Transmission electron microscopy revealed silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 13.0 nm when synthesized through ethanol precipitation, which is advantageously smaller. This result suggests that the silver nanoparticles size can be fine-tuned by changing the separation mode during purification from plant extract. Due to uniformity, our obtained nanoparticles can be expected to show higher catalytic activity towards photochemical reactions, drug delivery and antibacterial activity due to the absence of inactive coating layer (capping agent).

Antiproliferative Activity and Characterization of Metabolites of Aspergillus nidulans: An Endophytic Fungus from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Against Three Human Cancer Cell Lines.

Endophytic fungi are receiving attention as sources of structurally novel bioactive secondary metabolites towards drug discovery from natural products. This study reports the isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans, associated with Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn., a plant which has a traditional use to cure many ailments including cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of the metabolites of A. nidulans from N. arbor-tristis on three human cancer cell lines, lung (NCI-H460), breast (MCF-7) and uterine cervix (HeLa), and carry out their characterization. The extracts of the endophytic fungus cultured on potato dextrose agar were subjected to various chromatographic techniques. Structures of pure compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. The non-polar constituents were analyzed by GC-MS. Antiproliferative activity was determined by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The extracts and fractions showed moderate to good growth inhibition of the aforementioned human cancer cell lines. The broth extract was most potent (IC50 = 10 ± 3.1 μg/mL and LC50= 95 ± 3.9) against HeLa whereas petroleum ether insoluble fraction of mycelium was most active against NCI-H460 and MCF-7 (IC50 = 10 ± 2.1 µg/mL and 18 ± 3.1 µg/mL respectively). GC-MS led to identify 12 compounds in mycelium and 19 compounds in broth. Four pure compounds were isolated and characterized one compound 5, 10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid (1) from broth and three 1-hydroxy-3-methylxanthone (2), ergosterol (3) and sterigmatocystin (4) from mycelium. 1 has not been reported earlier as a plant/fungal metabolite while 2-4 are new from this source. Sterigmatocystin exhibited growth inhibitory effect (IC50 = 50 ± 2.5 µM/mL) against only MCF-7 cell line whereas other compounds had IC50 > 100. In this paper, the cytotoxicity of mycelium and broth constituents of endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is reported for the first time. The study shows that fungus Aspergillus nidulans from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is capable of producing biologically active natural compounds and provides a scientific rationale for further chemical investigations of endophyte-producing natural products.