Nutritional Alterations Research Articles

Clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with pressure injuries in the hospital context

Objective: describe the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with pressure injuries admitted to a university hospital. Method: descriptive study with 122 patients with pressure injuries admitted to a university hospital between January 2018 and December 2019. Data were collected from patients’ medical records and from the Serviço Assistencial de Cuidados com a Pele (Skin Care Assistance Service) database. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: pressure injuries predominated among adults and the elderly, browns, who studied up to elementary school and had no partner. There was a similarity between the sexes. The patients had, mainly, infectious disease, one or more comorbidities, nutritional alteration, mixed incontinence and used nutritional therapy, but did not present dermatitis associated with incontinence and smoking history. Most patients were classified as high risk of pressure injury. The study totaled 237 lesions, most of which were acquired before admission, not classifiable, located in the sacrococcygeal region, treated topically with hydrogel with alginate and hydrocolloid, and not healed at the time of hospital discharge. Conclusion: the studydescribed important aspects of the characterization of pressure injuries, as well as the people affected by this serious health problem, which can optimize prevention and treatment actions.

Endospore-Forming Bacteria Present in a Commercial Stabilized Poultry Manure Determines the Fusarium Biocontrol and the Tomato Growth Promotion

Stabilized organic amendments (SOA) from poultry are used in agriculture to improve the conditions of the soil. SOAs favor the growth of the crops and reduces the effect of soil-borne plant-pathogens. However, in northern Chile, there are no studies to support this observation, nor have the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects observed in the field been established. This work aims to establish whether the promotion of growth and control of soil fungi in tomato observed in the field as a result of commercial SOA application can be attributed to different endospore-forming bacteria (EFB). The effect of commercial SOA on nutrient availability was determined. EFB isolated from a commercial product, and the application of bacterial isolates were compared with the commercial formulation of SOA, for plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum fsp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). The local tomato cultivar Poncho Negro was used given its sensitivity to different nutritional alterations and FORL. A series of measurements of growth parameters were carried out in plants submitted to different mixtures of SOA treatments. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Eleven EFB were isolated from SOA, and some tests were performed to determine the PGP and biocontrol of FORL activities of each isolate. Notably, isolates BAC22 (Bacillusmegaterium), BAC21, and BAC23 (B. amyloliquefaciens/velezencis) were associated with PGP, highlighting the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid, a trait that in many cases is key to explaining the effects of Bacillus spp.

La nutrición materna y la programación metabólica: el origen fetal de las enfermedades crónicas degenerativas en los adultos

Diversas investigaciones han demostrado que alteraciones nutricionales en las madres influyen para que los hijos padezcan enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en la edad adulta. Estas enfermedades son patologías de lenta evolución y no contagiosas como las involucradas en el síndrome metabólico que incrementa el riesgo de padecer diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares. En esta revisión se analizan los conceptos de síndrome metabólico, programación metabólica fetal, epigenética, factores nutricionales (desnutrición y sobrealimentación) relacionados con alteraciones en el desarrollo temprano de los individuos que condicionan en la edad adulta la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Por desgracia, las perspectivas sobre el panorama de una reducción en estas enfermedades tanto en México como en el resto del mundo son poco alentadoras.

Nutritional profile and biochemical alterations in non-institutionalized senior citizens with Alzheimer disease: a case-control study

Assess the nutritional and biochemical state of patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD) compared to a control group. This is an observational, case-control and descriptive type study, based on the recruiting of 22 elderly individuals with a clinical diagnosis of AD considered as the case group, and 22 other elderly individuals considered as the control group. Evaluations were made using the results from the following scales Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), anthropometric measurements for obtaining the body mass index (BMI) and biochemical analyses. The analyses were performed on the program SPSS version 20.0, using absolute and relative measures, T test for independent samples for measurement comparisons and the Spearman correlation test. In the cognitive evaluation MMSE, those participants with AD present higher risk of cognitive decline (81.8%), greater risk of malnutrition according to MNA (45.5%) and altered levels of leptin (90.9%). Upon performing the comparison analysis between the group with AD and the control group, there existed noteworthy differences between the means for the variables MNA (4.40; BMI95% 2.75 – 6.06), MMSE (10.54; BMI95% 7.09 – 13.99) and doses of HDL (High Density Lipoproteins) (14.53; BMI95% 6.18 – 22.88). As well as differences in the p-value < 0.09 in the leptin doses (11.54; BMI95% (-24.98 – 1.89) and transferrin dose (-72.31; BMI95% -159.48 – 14.84). The Spearman correlation demonstrated that the cognitive decline in the group of senior citizens with AD was strongly associated with nutritional conditions MNA (R 0.484) and the leptin dose (R 0.590). Senior citizens with AD present worse nutritional conditions, cognitive decline and biochemical alterations when compared to senior citizens in the control group. As such, the study demonstrated the need for an integrated healthcare assistance concerning senior citizens with AD.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Impact of Bovine Milk Containing Different Beta-Casein Profiles on Gut Health of Ageing Mice

Ageing is often characterised by nutritional deficiencies and functional alterations of the digestive and immune system. The aim of the present study was to analyse the impact of consumption of conventional milk with A1/A2 beta-casein, compared to milk containing only the A2 beta-casein variant, characterised by a protein profile favouring gut health. Twenty-four ageing Balb-c mice (20 months old) were fed for 4 weeks, with either a control diet (CTRL), a diet supplemented with bovine milk containing A1/A2 beta-casein (A1A2) or a diet containing A2/A2 beta-casein (A2A2). Lymphocyte subpopulations, enzymatic activities, cytokine secretion, gut morphology and histopathological alterations were measured in different gut segments, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content and microbiota composition were evaluated in faecal samples. The A2A2 group showed higher content of faecal SCFAs (in particular, isobutyrate) of intestinal CD4+ and CD19+ lymphocytes in the intraepithelial compartment and improved villi tropism. The A1A2 group showed higher percentages of intestinal TCRγδ+ lymphocytes. Faecal microbiota identified Deferribacteriaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae as the most discriminant families for the A2A2 group, while Ruminococcaceae were associated to the A1A2 group. Taken together, these results suggest a positive role of milk, in particular when containing exclusively A2 beta-casein, on gut immunology and morphology of an ageing mice model.

New insights into food protein-induced enterocolitis in children.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) represents a non-IgE-mediated food allergic disorder with delayed gastrointestinal symptoms that may evolve in a medical emergency. Clinically, FPIES can be distinguished into acute and chronic phenotypes. FPIES is mainly diagnosed in infancy however the onset at older ages is being progressively described. The pathogenetic mechanism underlying FPIES remains mainly unexplained, but an alteration of food-specific T-cell response has been proposed. The diagnosis of FPIES is primarily clinical, since there are not available specific biomarkers. Oral food challenge (OFC) is the gold standard for diagnosing FPIES or excluding the onset of tolerance to the triggering food. Management of FPIES includes an acute phase treatment and a maintenance therapy with the strict food avoidance until challenge, in order to prevent new attacks and avoid nutritional alterations. Acute management requires hydration that can be performed orally or intravenously according to clinical status. Long-term management of FPIES is based on the avoidance of the culprit food(s) and supervised introduction of other high-risk foods if never taken before among infants before 12 months of age. There is a compelling need of future achievements in FPIES research for the definition of underlying disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic point of care.

ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE PRACTICE OF SYSTEMATIC PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The systematic practice of physical activities has been reported as a healthy habit for the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases. The purpose of the research is to identify the attitudes of university students towards the systematic practice of physical activities, for this, a basic research was carried out, with a descriptive and correlational design that included a cross-section in students belonging to level I of the education course Physics of the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo in the period between October and December 2019. The universe consisted of a total of 182 students, of which 165 were part of the research sample. A questionnaire created specifically for the research was applied and the correlation between the study variables was established using Pearson’s correlation test. It is obtained that the average age is 21.55 years, with a predominance of female students (61.82%) and of urban origin (70.30%). 52.73% of the students presented nutritional alterations due to excess, 16.97% presented obesity and 35.76% were overweight. 53.33% reported not practicing systematic physical activities and of those who did practice it, only 48.05% did so 3 or more times a week. 43.03 were identified with a low level of knowledge about the importance of the systematic practice of physical exercises. It is concluded that there is a high percentage of students with excessive nutritional alterations, without doing physical activities and with a low level of knowledge about the importance of exercise. Mean negative correlation between nutritional status and frequency of physical exercise.

Impact of Nutritional Status on Muscle Architecture in Elerly Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Wards.

Nutritional alterations are highly prevalent in older rather than adult hospitalized patients. In these subjects, a loss of physical performance is dependent on the impairment of muscle architecture. This study aimed to investigate the association between the nutritional status and muscle architecture in elderly patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards. 68 aged patients admitted in internal medicine wards were consecutively enrolled and stratified in three groups based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score: well-fed (WF), at risk of malnutrition (RM), and malnourished (M). Biochemical indices and anthropometric parameters were sampled at hospital admission. Furthermore, all patients were assessed at admission and after 7 days of hospitalization for muscle strength (hand-grip test), mass (bioimpedentiometry), and architecture (ultrasonography of vastus lateralis). At hospital admission, M patients showed lower percentage of fat free mass and muscle mass with respect to WF and RM. Furthermore, M group presented with lower muscle thickness and pennation angle, as compared to WF and RM. At admission, the MNA score was positively related to the pennation angle and muscle strength. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the nutritional status at admission was the only significant factor influencing pennation angle. Finally, during the first 7 days of hospitalization, a decrease of pennation angle occurred in all the groups studied. We conclude that malnutrition at admission is associated with impaired muscle architecture in elderly patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards. Moreover, muscle architecture is impacted by early hospitalization, irrespective of nutritional status.

P1595NUTRITION AND INFLAMMATORY STATUS IN DIALYISIS PATIENTS WITH SUICIDAL IDEATION AND DEPRESSION

Abstract Background and Aims The main precursor of suicidal ideation is depression, which is the most common psychiatric disorder in dialysis patients. Studies have shown an association of depression with nutritional alterations and systemic inflammation; however, in patients with kidney disease there is no data about a possible relation between malnutrition, inflammation and suicidal ideation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and compare the nutritional and inflammation statuses in dialysis patients with suicidal ideation and depression. Methods Cross sectional study; 36 dialysis patients >18 years old, any gender, who signed informed consent were included. Suicidal ideation was measured by one psychiatrist using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory. A dietitian evaluated nutritional status by means of anthropometric and biochemical variables, and the Dialysis Malnutrition Score. Additionally, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen were measured. Results were classified as dichotomous variables for suicidal ideation (yes/no) and depression (no: normal-mild/ yes: moderate-severe). Results Prevalence of depression, suicidal ideation and malnutrition were 97%, 63% and 31%, respectively. Main results are shown in the table. Conclusions Patients with suicidal ideation and depression did not show significant differences in any of the assessed nutritional variables. However, patients with suicidal ideation and depression seemed to have higher concentrations of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. The present study opens an opportunity for future research.

Frequent non‐nutritive sweetener intake alters the expression of endocannabinoid receptors in liver and pancreas in mice

The endocannabinoid system plays a major role in the regulation of systemic energy balance, including the modulation of hepatic and pancreatic homeostasis, which is relevant for energy metabolism. Nutritional alterations such as consumption of hypercaloric diets associated with development of obesity promote alterations in hepatic and pancreatic functions and also affect endocannabinoid‐dependent signaling. Non‐nutritive sweeteners have been extensively used to decrease calorie intake from diet and inhibit development of chronic non‐transmissible diseases like obesity and type II diabetes; nonetheless, there is accumulating evidence that these compounds may have additional metabolic effects of clinical significance. The objective of this study is to determine alterations in the expression of CB1 and CB2 endocannabinoid receptors in liver and pancreas of adult mice supplemented with the commercially available non‐nutritive sweeteners sucralose and steviol glycosides, daily, for 6 weeks. After supplementation, hepatic and pancreatic expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors is evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence. Preliminary results show increased expression of CB1 receptors in male animals supplemented with sucralose, whereas a similar effect is observed in female mice supplemented with sucrose, compared to non‐supplemented controls. In contrast, CB2 expression is increased in male animals supplemented with steviol glycosides and no significant changes have been observed for CB2 expression in females. So far, our results suggest that frequent consumption of non‐nutritive sweeteners alter the expression of endocannabinoid receptors in liver and pancreas in vivo, which may affect the activity of metabolic routes involved in the regulation of systemic energy balance.

Elderberry Extracts increase Rat L6 Myocyte proliferation, reduce Apoptosis and act as HDAC1/SIRT1 Agonists in vitro

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by low muscle mass, strength, and function, that increases morbidity and mortality, and the rates of hospitalization and nursing home admissions in geriatric populations. Poor nutritional intake and alterations in the muscle response to anabolic stimuli from meals in aging populations contribute to the overall pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Research has suggested that there is an increase in skeletal myocyte apoptosis in aging populations. The extent of apoptosis in muscle increases with increasing age, which parallels the loss of both muscle mass and strength. Myocyte apoptosis may be reduced by caloric restriction, exercise training, hormone supplements, drugs and various nutritional supplements. Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae), also known as elderberry is a deciduous tree with blue‐black fruits and cream‐white flowers. Elderberry has been used in traditional systems of medicine to for its antiviral activities, to reduce inflammation and diabetic symptoms. The chemical constituents of elderberry include the flavonoids, such as flavonols, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins, and simpler phenolic acids. This study investigated the effects of elderberry extracts in rat L6 myoblasts to determine the effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. L6 cells were obtained from ATCC and cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium, with 2.5 mM L‐glutamine (without phenol red). Elderberry extracts were prepared in ethanol and partitions containing anthocyanins were prepared in acetone (SNA) and ethanol (SNE). In L6 cells, ethanol partitions of elderberry increased the proliferation of rat L‐6 myoblasts by 242% and prevented cellular apoptosis induced by serum starvation. The acetone partition increased cell growth by 121% in serum starved L6 cells, the extracts also prevented myoblast apoptosis. Gene expression analysis an increase in the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 mRNA expression and a reduction in Bax expression, thereby reducing the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio to reduce apoptosis. SNE also increased the expression of PPARγ mRNA by 6.5 fold. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand‐activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation, and differentiation and modulate inflammatory responses. SNE also increased the expression of HDAC1 by 6 fold and SIRT1 by 12 fold. The human Silent Information Regulator Type 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD(+)‐dependent deacetylase that is an intermediary of cellular metabolism in gene silencing and aging. SIRT1 has been extensively investigated and shown to delay senescence and cellular apoptosis. The data suggest that SNE reduces myocyte apoptosis and that the extracts and partitions act as HDAC1/SIRT1 agonists in myocytes.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported in part by a research grant from the Regenstein Foundation (GBM); a Postdoctoral fellowship award from the Schlumberger Foundation (TOL/GBM); and a Raman Post‐Doctoral Fellowship by the University Grants Commission, Govt. of India to NAR.

Age-Related Differences in the Gut Microbiome of Rhesus Macaques.

Aging is a multifactorial process characterized by progressive changes in gut physiology and the intestinal mucosal immune system. These changes, along with alterations in lifestyle, diet, nutrition, inflammation and immune function alter both composition and stability of the gut microbiota. Given the impact of environmental influences on the gut microbiota, animal models are particularly useful in this field. To understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and aging in nonhuman primates, we collected fecal samples from 20 male and 20 female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), across the natural macaque age range, for 16S rRNA gene analyses. Operational taxonomic units were then grouped together to summarize taxon abundance at different hierarchical levels of classification and alpha- and beta-diversity were calculated. There were no age or sex differences in alpha diversity. At the phylum level, relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes ratio were different between age groups though significance disappeared after correction for multiple comparisons. At the class level, relative abundance of Firmicutes_Bacilli decreased and Proteobacteria_Alphaproteobacteria and Proteobacteria_Betaproteobacteria increased with each successively older group. Only differences in Firmicutes_Bacilli remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons. No sex differences were identified in relative abundances after correction for multiple comparisons. Our results are not surprising given the known impact of environmental factors on the gut microbiota.

Evolución de la Terapia de Nutrición Enteral: Revisión de la literatura

La siguiente revisión tiene por objetivo analizar la evolución de la terapia de nutrición enteral. Teniendo en cuenta que es un procedimiento técnico de soporte nutricional en pacientes que por diversas circunstancias presentan alteraciones nutricionales y que no puedan alimentarse normalmente por vía oral. Se utilizó un método cualitativo de tipo exploratorio-documental, la bibliografía consultada para el presente trabajo fue recuperada de las publicaciones emitidas; por bases de datos bibliográficas reconocidas e indexadas de los últimos artículos en este tema. Se concluye que la nutrición enteral es un procedimiento que ha tenido avances en estos últimos 20 años siendo una técnica avanzada para pacientes con riesgo nutricional y además que se debe usar formulas específicas de alimentación de acorde a cada patología clínica del paciente con la finalidad de poder mantener una nutrición adecuada, estas fórmulas se encuentran ya en el mercado comercial como una ayuda a desarrollar esta técnica la cual no solo puede utilizarse en el ámbito hospitalaria sino también en el domicilio.

Current Knowledge about the Effect of Nutritional Status, Supplemented Nutrition Diet, and Gut Microbiota on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion and Regeneration in Liver Surgery.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an unresolved problem in liver resection and transplantation. The preexisting nutritional status related to the gut microbial profile might contribute to primary non-function after surgery. Clinical studies evaluating artificial nutrition in liver resection are limited. The optimal nutritional regimen to support regeneration has not yet been exactly defined. However, overnutrition and specific diet factors are crucial for the nonalcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis liver diseases. Gut-derived microbial products and the activation of innate immunity system and inflammatory response, leading to exacerbation of I/R injury or impaired regeneration after resection. This review summarizes the role of starvation, supplemented nutrition diet, nutritional status, and alterations in microbiota on hepatic I/R and regeneration. We discuss the most updated effects of nutritional interventions, their ability to alter microbiota, some of the controversies, and the suitability of these interventions as potential therapeutic strategies in hepatic resection and transplantation, overall highlighting the relevance of considering the extended criteria liver grafts in the translational liver surgery.

Impact of Nutrition on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by sustained vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, inflammation, and in situ thrombosis. Although there have been important advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of PAH, it remains a debilitating, limiting, and rapidly progressive disease. Vitamin D and iron deficiency are worldwide health problems of pandemic proportions. Notably, these nutritional alterations are largely more prevalent in PAH patients than in the general population and there are several pieces of evidence suggesting that they may trigger or aggravate disease progression. There are also several case reports associating scurvy, due to severe vitamin C deficiency, with PAH. Flavonoids such as quercetin, isoflavonoids such as genistein, and other dietary polyphenols including resveratrol slow the progression of the disease in animal models of PAH. Finally, the role of the gut microbiota and its interplay with the diet, host immune system, and energy metabolism is emerging in multiple cardiovascular diseases. The alteration of the gut microbiota has also been reported in animal models of PAH. It is thus possible that in the near future interventions targeting the nutritional status and the gut dysbiosis will improve the outcome of these patients.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects

The prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia is high after a stroke. Clinically, it manifests as alterations affecting swallowing efficiency and safety, with the consequent morbidity and mortality associated with nutritional and respiratory alterations. To carry out an updated review of the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of oropharyngeal dysphagia after a stroke that can be applied in daily clinical practice, and of the non-invasive neurostimulation techniques. The process of diagnosis and treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia aims to screen, identify and diagnose patients at risk of dysphagia, and establish the dietary and therapeutic measures that ensure proper nutrition and hydration of patients under safe conditions. The diagnosis is based on the clinical examination of swallowing and on instrumental examinations such as videofluoroscopy and fibro-endoscopy. Therapeutic measures include compensatory and rehabilitative strategies (active manoeuvres, motor control exercises, neuromuscular electrostimulation and botulinum toxin treatment). Neurostimulation techniques include non-invasive central stimulation and intrapharyngeal electrical stimulation. The prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia is high after a stroke. Diagnosis should include a clinical evaluation and an instrumental examination, and thus objectively indicate the treatment, which will include compensatory and restorative measures with which to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.

Epigenetics: Linking Early Postnatal Nutrition to Obesity Programming?

Despite constant research and public policy efforts, the obesity epidemic continues to be a major public health threat, and new approaches are urgently needed. It has been shown that nutrient imbalance in early life, from conception to infancy, influences later obesity risk, suggesting that obesity could result from “developmental programming”. In this review, we evaluate the possibility that early postnatal nutrition programs obesity risk via epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, focusing on four main topics: (1) the dynamics of epigenetic processes in key metabolic organs during the early postnatal period; (2) the epigenetic effects of alterations in early postnatal nutrition in animal models or breastfeeding in humans; (3) current limitations and remaining outstanding questions in the field of epigenetic programming; (4) candidate pathways by which early postnatal nutrition could epigenetically program adult body weight set point. A particular focus will be given to the potential roles of breast milk fatty acids, neonatal metabolic and hormonal milieu, and gut microbiota. Understanding the mechanisms by which early postnatal nutrition can promote lifelong metabolic modifications is essential to design adequate recommendations and interventions to “de-program” the obesity epidemic.

Salt-tolerant Staphylococcus bacteria induce structural and nutritional alterations of salted duck egg white.

Salted duck egg white, a major by‐product of salted egg yolk production, is rich in nutrients. However, its high salinity limits its application in the food industry. In the present study, three haloduric bacterium strains (C1, C2, and C3) were isolated from Jinhua ham, and strain C1 exhibited higher ratio of the transparent circle diameter to the colony diameter (HC) and gelatin liquefaction. Strain C1 was further identified as a member of the genus Staphylococcus through gene sequencing and EzTaxon‐e analyses. Salted duck egg white was fermented by strain C1, and the thermal stability, microstructure, amino acid composition, and γ‐aminobutyric acid of the egg white were compared with egg white without fermentation. The fermented salted duck egg white had a significantly low salinity. Meanwhile, it increased its thermal stability compared with the control through losing an endotherm at around 85°C and forming a new endotherm peak starting at 91.8°C. Additionally, free amino acids and γ‐aminobutyric acid were found only in the fermented salted duck egg white. These indicated that fermentation with salt‐resistant strains could alter the structure of salted duck egg white and improve its nutritional quality.

Proximate and phenolic composition of selected native Australian food plants

SummaryEdible portions of Leucopogon parviflorus, Arthropodium strictum, Carpobrotus rossii, Rhagodia candolleana, Typha orientalis, Correa alba, Dianella revoluta and Acacia longifolia were collected in 2017 and 2019 from Warrnambool, Victoria Australia, and studied for phenolics and proximate composition. The plant species recorded consistent antioxidant activity with no nutritional alterations. Except for A. longifolia, total phenolic contents (TPC) were higher in 2019 than 2017 (P < 0.05). All the plant species contained Ca, Mg, Na and K. Except for betanin, isolated from R. candolleana (700 mg L−1) and C. rossii (244 mg L−1), higher quantities of polyphenols were extractable in methanol than water (P < 0.05). The plant fatty acid composition was predominantly palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids with A. longifolia containing 44% linoleic acid. While the plant nutrients and fatty acids were fairly stable, TPCs, some of the minerals and polyphenols varied between the years.

Association between weight loss and clinical-pathologic factors in oncological patients in chemotherapy treatment: a longitudinal study

The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional state and WL of individuals with cancer. Is a longitudinal observational study was performed with patients assisted in the oncological ambulatory. Sample was composed of 402 patients, with an average of 58.46±13.60 years old, 56.5% women and the majority elderly (51.74%). Regarding tumor localization, 12.9% were found in the head and neck, 22.6% in mamas, 10.2% in the lungs, 29.4% in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and 29.4% in other body parts. A gradual fall of nutritional state in relation to BMI was observed, and the patients were advancing to malnutrition. When severe and not severe WL were correlated, a statistical difference was demonstrated regarding age, current and habitual weight, as well as the corresponding BMI (p<0.05). Overweight and obese patients presented a higher severe WL than the other group (p<0.05). However, 67.34% of patients presented WL and a following nutritional state alteration, being cancer in the GI tract with a significant difference, 37.44% (p<0.05) with severe WL (p<0.000). Patients diagnosed with cancer, especially in the GI tract, treated with chemotherapy have higher chances of WL, which trigger a reduction of survival rate, being obesity and age reliable predictors of a consequent severe WL.