Nutrient Pump Research Articles

Nutrition Temperature and TDS Control System with Fuzzy Logic on Pak Choy Hydroponics (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)

Hydroponics is a method of cultivation that does not use soil as a medium, allowing it to be applied in limited spaces such as urban households. One of the vegetable plants that can be grown using hydroponics is pak choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). To produce healthy pak choy plants that can efficiently absorb nutrients in a hydroponic system, several factors need to be considered, such as the level of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the nutrient solution, nutrient solution temperature, and air humidity in the hydroponic environment. The ideal nutrient solution temperature for hydroponic plants falls within the range of 25-27°C. In this system, a monitoring and control system will be designed to optimize the growth of pak choy plants in a Deep Flow Technique (DFT) hydroponic system. In this system, the nutrient solution temperature will be controlled with a set point of 25°C using an on/off control for a peltier device. To maintain the TDS level at a set point of 1200 ppm in the nutrient solution, fuzzy logic control will be employed, generating timer-based control signals for the nutrient pump A, nutrient pump B, and water pump. The monitoring system will be displayed on an Internet of Things (IoT) dashboard platform, such as ThingSpeak.

Birds influence vegetation coverage and structure on sandy biogeomorphic islands in the Dutch Wadden Sea

Small uninhabited islands form important roosting and breeding habitats for many coastal birds. Previous studies have demonstrated that guano can promote ecosystem productivity and functionality on island ecosystems. Here, we assess the role of external nutrient input by coastal birds on the vegetation structure and coverage on sandy biogeomorphic islands, where island-forming processes depend on vegetation-sedimentation feedbacks. As a first step, we investigated whether breeding birds affect vegetation productivity on sandy back-barrier islands in the Wadden Sea. Using a combination of bird observations and plant stable isotope (δ15N) analyses, we demonstrate that (i) breeding birds transport large quantities of nutrients via their faecal outputs to these islands annually and that (ii) this external nitrogen source influences vegetation development on these sandy, nutrient-limited, islands. Based on these results we discuss how this avian nutrient pump could impact island development and habitat suitability for coastal birds and discuss future directions for research. In general, we conclude that avian subsidies have the potential to affect both the ecological and biogeomorphic functioning of coastal soft-sediment systems. However, the strength and scale of especially these biogeomorphic interactions are not fully understood. For the conservation of both threatened coastal birds and sandy back-barrier islands and the design of appropriate management strategies, we argue that three-way interactions between birds, vegetation and sandy island morphodynamics need to be further elucidated.

MODEL KONTROL OTOMATIS PENGAIRAN HIDROPONIK DENGAN METODE FUZZY

Recently, many hydroponic farms have emerged. This is due to the increasingly limited agricultural land and also as a way to fill time during the Covid-19 pandemic. In hydroponics, the role of water as a planting medium plays a very dominant role. This is because air is a solvent for the nutrients that plants need. So air is a key factor in poverty in the Hydroponic farming system. That need to be considered when choosing water for hydroponic cultivation is that it is based on the air acidity value. The air acidity value is important as a parameter that influences plant growth in the hydroponic cultivation method. The ideal temperature value ranges between pH 5.5-6.5. In Cangkringsari Village, Sukodono District, Sidoarjo Regency, Karang Taruna Tunas Cangkring has tried to develop hydroponic farming, but because the supply of acidic air with a pH that is not ideal causes plant growth to be poor. Therefore, an automatic control model for hydroponic irrigation is needed. The method developed uses the Fuzzy method. The Fuzzy method applied functions to control the air pump automatically, so that the Arduino Uno microcontroller and the 4502c pH sensor combined can detect the pH of the nutritious air that will be given to hydroponic plants in the range of 5.5 to 6.5. The application of the Fuzzy method can be applied to drive the nutrient pump perfectly so that with its application it can maintain the air pH in the specified range.

AMANDA (Your Plant Monitoring Application) Implementation Android Application Program Project Management Using Agile Scrum Method and Trello

Software development is closely related to several Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) processes. PT Inamas Sintesis Teknologi (INASTEK) is committed to helping employees work easier through Internet of Things (IoT) based technology. This research aims to manage a project for making your Plant Monitoring Application (AMANDA) which can be accessed via a smartphone. This research method uses agile scrum which can adapt to user needs which can be developed repeatedly and the Trello application as an archive of sprint data for each division. The results of this study are the AMANDA application which is able to monitor and control strawberry plants in real-time which is equipped with a menu of temperature, humidity, ec meter, ph meter, water level, soil moisture, liquid temp, co2 level, water pump, nutrient pump, pump pH, sample pump, plant pump, and pipe valve with 3 second delay. Work on this application development project with a duration of 3.5 months and a total cost of Rp. 13,999,891 involving PT INASTEK as product owner, Product Management Division as scrum master, and Engineering Division as development team. With the AMANDA application, it can help PT. INASTEK in developing the projects they have.

Sistem Monitoring Nutrisi dan PH Air pada Tanaman Hidroponik Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)


 
 
 
 Hydroponics is a soilless cultivation method that relies on water and the fulfillment of plant nutritional needs. Nutrient provision is usually done manually, which can be time-consuming. To improve efficiency, an automated system using sensors and an IoT-based application can be implemented. This system utilizes a TDS sensor, pH sensor, and NodeMCU ESP32 to monitor nutrient and pH levels in water. The values are displayed on an LCD screen and sent to the application. If the nutrient content falls below 700 ppm or the pH falls below 5 or above 8, indicating a nutrient deficiency, the nutrient pump can be remotely activated through the application. The pump stops when the nutrient level reaches 1000 ppm or the pH reaches 8. The system provides TDS and pH readings, which have an average error of 3.16% and 2.87%, respectively. This automated system can be used to reading TDS and pH values to assist in providing nutrients to hydroponic plants.
 
 
 

Anatomy of Mode-1 Internal Solitary Waves Derived From Seaglider Observations in the Northern South China Sea

Abstract Observations from a Seaglider, two pressure-sensor-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIESs), and a thermistor chain (T-chain) mooring were used to determine the waveform and timing of internal solitary waves (ISWs) over the continental slope east of Dongsha Atoll. The Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and Dubreil–Jacotin–Long (DJL) equations supplemented the data from repeated profiling by the glider at a fixed position (depth ∼1017 m) during 19–24 May 2019. The glider-recorded pressure perturbations were used to compute the rarely measured vertical velocity (w) with a static glider flight model. After removing the internal tide–caused vertical velocity, the w of the eight mode-1 ISWs ranged from −0.35 to 0.36 m s−1 with an uncertainty of ±0.005 m s−1 due to turbulent oscillations and measurement error. The horizontal velocity profiles, wave speeds, and amplitudes of the eight ISWs were further derived from the KdV and DJL equations using the glider-observed w and potential density profiles. The mean speed of the corresponding ISW from the PIES deployed at ∼2000 m depth to the T-chain moored at 500 m depth and the 19°C isotherm displacement computed from the T-chain were used to validate the waveform derived from KdV and DJL. The validation suggests that the DJL equation provides reasonably representative wave speed and amplitude for the eight ISWs compared to the KdV equation. Stand-alone glider data provide near-real-time hydrography and vertical velocities for mode-1 ISWs and are useful for characterizing the anatomy of ISWs and validating numerical simulations of these waves. Significance Statement Internal solitary waves (ISWs), which vertically displace isotherms by approximately 100 m, considerably affect nutrient pumping, turbulent mixing, acoustic propagation, underwater navigation, bedform generation, and engineering structures in the ocean. A complete understanding of their anatomy and dynamics has many applications, such as predicting the timing and position of mode-1 ISWs and evaluating their environmental impacts. To improve our understanding of these waves and validate the two major theories based on the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and Dubreil–Jacotin–Long (DJL) equations, the hydrography data collected from stand-alone, real-time profiling of an autonomous underwater vehicle (Seaglider) have proven to be useful in determining the waveform of these transbasin ISWs in deep water. The solutions to the DJL equation show good agreement with the properties of mode-1 ISWs obtained from the rare in situ data, whereas the solutions to the KdV equation underestimate these properties. Seaglider observations also provide in situ data to evaluate the performance of numerical simulations and forecasting of ISWs in the northern South China Sea.

Perancangan Sistem Pengontrolan Dan Monitoring Pengaliran Nutrisi Pada Tanaman Hidroponik Berbasis Arduino Secara Otomatis

Hydroponics is a method of cultivating agriculture without using soil as a medium, but instead using water as a growing medium. So that hydroponic cultivation can take advantage of narrow land. But this hydroponic cultivation also has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of cultivating with hydroponics are, it does not require soil, it can be done on narrow land, the quality of the plants is cleaner because it does not use soil, the plant growth is faster, the risk of plants being attacked by pests and diseases will be smaller. Meanwhile, the disadvantages of hydroponic cultivation are that it requires extra precision and monitoring. In farming with the hydroponic method, we must really pay attention to and control the nutrients given to plants, including the concentration of nutrients in plants. if not careful and monitor regularly, it will affect the growth of plants. This final project aims to control the concentration of nutrients and flow in hydroponic plants automatically. This tool consists of input received via the TDS sensor, RTC sensor and output in the form of a circulation pump, and nutrient pump A and nutrient B then Arduino as the data sender.

Strong particle dynamics counteract the nutrient-pumping effect leading to weak carbon flux in a cyclonic eddy

Sinking particles play a crucial role in transferring carbon from the atmosphere to the deep ocean. However, due to intensive particle transformations such as aggregation, disaggregation, and remineralization, only a small portion of the organic carbon produced in the euphotic zone ends up being sequestered in the deep ocean or sediment. Mesoscale eddies can significantly impact the surface ocean nutrient budget, primary production, and carbon export. Despite this, there is still a lack of research on how particle dynamics in eddy-impacted regions affect the efficiency of carbon export. In this study, we used observations of thorium isotopes (234Th and 228Th) and particulate organic carbon (POC) at two stations in the South China Sea (TS1: a decaying-eddy-impacted station and SEATS: an oligotrophic station) and an inverse model to investigate the impact of particle dynamics on particle export efficiency. Our findings indicate that particle remineralization/fragmentation was enhanced inside the eddy, which counteracted the nutrient pumping effect that promotes surface ocean productivity and eventually led to even lower carbon flux compared to the oligotrophic station.

DESAIN PERANGKAT BERBASIS IoT UNTUK PEMANTAUAN DAN PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS AIR PADA SISTEM IRIGASI RUMAH KACA

Because hydroponic plant nutrient is dissolved in the water, water quality management is essential for growing healthy plants. Taking care of the total dissolved solids (TDS) and the pH (water acidity) is essential. The purpose of this research is to create a IoT-based water quality monitoring device. The average TDS after 30 days of automation with an Arduino UNO was 1162.82 ppm, and the gadget kicked on the nutrient pump whenever the TDS fell below 1000 ppm or the EC fell below 2. The mechanism self-adjusts the pH when it falls below 5.5 or rises above 6.5, with a mean of 6.17.

Kontrol Nutrisi Tanaman Hidroponik Berbasis Monitoring Internet of Things

Hydroponics is a way of farming that does not use soil, but only uses water that contains nutrients. The growth of hydroponic plants can be influenced by various factors, one of which is a lack of water nutrition in hydroponic plants. Therefore, this study aims to create a system that functions to control water nutrition, as well as the availability of sufficient water in hydroponic reservoirs. This control process uses NodeMCU esp8266 and processes sensor data and then sends it to firebase which will be displayed to Android with Internet of Thing (IoT) technology. If the nutritional condition being monitored is reduced, this nutrition control device will receive input from the sensor to add nutrients automatically. The addition of nutrients uses an on-off control system, when the TDS sensor reads the water nutrients are reduced the nutrient pump will be on until it reaches the initial nutrient setpoint, then the nutrient pump will be off. The result of reading sensor data obtains the percentage error for the Total Dissolve Solid (TDS) sensor with a comparison of TDS meter of 5.746%.

Appropriate Human Serum Albumin Fluid Therapy and the Alleviation of COVID-19 Vulnerabilities: An Explanation of the HSA Lymphatic Nutrient Pump

COVID-19 and long COVID-19 vulnerabilities may be caused indirectly by albumin binding deficiency (ABD), which can be corrected by the correct administration of human serum albumin (HSA). The liver is the primary site of nutrient regulation and fluid volume maintenance; control of both is by changes to albumin concentration. In healthy subjects, the HSA lymphatic nutrient pump (HSALNP) ensures continual pumping of nutrients from the liver and that nutrients are appropriately distributed to organs. Nutrients are delivered to cells according to the availability of binding to HSA. The HSALNP, therefore, maintains the correct nutrient and colloidal pressure balance in all tissues independently. In unhealthy tissues, following COVID-19 infection, the passage of HSA/nutrients through the interstitial spaces and lymph will be impeded. Fluid therapy into the periphery leads to the dilution of essential nutrients attached to the protein carriers such as albumin. The levels of albumin being charged by the liver with nutrients is critical in maintaining immune stability by maintaining nutrient support and colloidal pressure of the cellular structures. The site of HSA binding by the liver is of great importance, and direct infusion of albumin into the hepatic portal vein is the most appropriate method of maintaining colloid pressure and cellular nutrient levels.

Enzymatic response of Lemna gibba plants inoculated with endophyte bacteria

Duckweeds a kind of aquatic plants classified as macrophytes, have been considered as nutrient pumps. Studies of endophyte associates focused to their functional analysis contributing to the knowledge of plant microbe interactions. This work analyzed the effect on selected phenoloxidases as a response of Lemna gibba plants inoculated with endophyte bacteria associated to their activity of growth promotion. Five isolated endophyte bacteria belonging to Bacillus genera and named: Bacillus sp. strain Fb1, Bacillus sp. strain Fb2, Bacillus sp. strain Fb3, Bacillus sp. strain Fb4 and Bacillus sp. strain Fb5 were employed as inoculants. According to the fresh weight of Lemna gibba fronds, the results obtained showing a suitable promoting activity by the endophyte bacteria tested; even the growth of fronds based on protein content was less, it showed growth promotion between 30 to 60% of the effect compared to control plants. In this work, Lemna gibba plants inoculated with five endophyte bacteria, showed that these Bacillus strains not only acting as biostimulants they also induced the activity of both enzymes tested (guaiacol peroxidases and hemeperoxidases), recommending this plant species to evaluate the toxicity effect of contaminants and xenobiotics.

Vertically migrating phytoplankton fuel high oceanic primary production

Marine net primary production (NPP) is remarkably high given the typical vertical separation of 50–150 m between the depth zones of light and nutrient sufficiency, respectively. Here we present evidence that many autotrophs bridge this gap through downward and upward migration, thereby facilitating biological nutrient pumping and high rates of oceanic NPP. Our model suggests that phytoplankton vertical migration (PVM) fuels up to 40% (>28 tg yr−1 N) of new production and directly contributes 25% of total oceanic NPP (herein estimated at 56 PgC yr−1). Confidence in these estimates is supported by good reproduction of seasonal, vertical and geographic variations in NPP. In contrast to common predictions, a sensitivity study of the PVM model indicates higher NPP under global warming when enhanced stratification reduces physical nutrient transport into the surface ocean. Our findings suggest that PVM is a key mechanism driving marine biogeochemistry and therefore requires consideration in global carbon budgets.

IMPACT OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW

Agroforestry is a collective name of all agricultural processes related to the scientificmanagement of land that increases overall production under different manners. The security of our natural resources is decreasing every day, these processes will increase the pressure on natural forests andagriculture. We are staying on the stage where we have to take a hard decision to conserve our naturalresources and their sustainability. In this context, agroforestry makes sure a scientific solution to all theseproblems which provide a vast series of good public services. Under this review paper, we discussed variousenvironmental services and conclude that the incorporation of native tree species on farmland can diversifies the farm income and promote maximum use of land. While, Nutrient pumping is one of the best intangibleenvironmental services of the agroforestry system in which productivity of land can be utilized sharply, atthe same time agroforestry boosts the soil health in the course of decomposition of raw materials.Biodiversity and Carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems is typically higher than in conventionalagricultural systems. Two or more interacting plant species in a given area create a more complex habitatthat can support a wider variety of fauna. Tree cover accounts for more than 75% of the global carbon pool.Agroforestry can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation along with adaptation benefits.Adoption of agroforestry drove carbon storage and increased livelihoods simultaneously among small-scalefarmers. Agroforestry has a wide range of systems and practices, with their selection and use-dependent onecological, biophysical, and social factors. The main focus of agroforestry is to meet the needs of rural peoplein developing countries in a sustainable manner. Its growth and implementation have been closely linkedwith social and community forestry programs in developing countries.

NFT Hydroponic Control Using Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System

The Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) method is one of the most popular hydroponic cultivation methods. This method has advantages such as easier maintenance, faster and optimal plant growth, better use of fertilizers, and less deposition. The disadvantages of NFT include the consumption of electrical power and the faster spread of disease. Therefore, NFT requires a good nutrient control and monitoring system to save electricity and achieve optimal growth and resistance to pests and diseases. In this study, a nutrient control was designed with indicators of pH and TDS levels and equipped with an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system. The control system used is the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System. The output of the system is the active time of the pH Up, pH Down, and AB Mix nutrient pumps, which aim to normalize the pH and TDS of nutrient liquids. The experimental results show that one to three control steps are needed to normalize pH. One control step has a response time of 60 seconds, and it can prevent pH Up and pH Down oscillations. As for TDS control, the prediction of AB mix pump active time works accurately, and TDS levels can be normalized in one control step. Overall, based on surface control, simulations, and real experimental data, it is indicated that the control system operates very well and can normalize pH and TDS to the desired normal standard.

Endophyte bacteria growth promotion effect on Lemna gibba plants

Duckweeds a kind of aquatic plants classified as macrophytes, have been considered as nutrient pumps that can help to reduce the eutrophication effects. Studies of endophyte associates focused to their functional analysis contributing the knowledge of plant microbe interactions. This work compared the phytohormones in vitro production efficiency of endophyte bacteria isolated from Lemna gibba plants and their plant growth promoting effect in this plant species. Five endophyte bacteria belonging to Bacillus genera and named: Bacillus sp. strain Fb1, Bacillus sp. strain Fb2, Bacillus sp. strain Fb3, Bacillus sp. strain Fb4 and Bacillus sp. strain Fb5 were isolated. The IAA quantified as basal and inherent production without the addition of the amino acid tryptophan showed that Bacillus sp. strain Fb1, Bacillus sp. strain Fb3 and Bacillus sp. strain Fb5, were considered as higher producers (24.21, 25.44 and 30.8 μg/mL, respectively). Even the effect of plant growth (EPG) on Lemna gibba plants was between 40 to 70 %; a suitable promoting activity by the endophyte bacteria tested was obtained, and could be associated with their IAA production. This work contributes to the knowledge of the phytobacteria diversity in aquatic plants, particularly in Lemnaceae species; here the five endophyte bacteria could be candidates to be recommended as biostimulants.

APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION HYDROPONIC PLANTING SYSTEM BASED ON ACIDITY, NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION AND LIGHTING

Research Hydroponic plants are an alternative solution for urban communities so that they can grow crops at home and do not require large areas of land. However, hydroponic farmers sometimes find it difficult to improve plant quality because they are busy and do not have time to take care of the condition of the plants. Therefore, an automatic system was designed to improve the quality of hydroponic plants. The test results show that this tool is able to control pH levels, namely when the pH is too acidic, the base pH pump will turn ON to normal, when the pH is too base, the acid pump will turn on to normal. To control nutrient solids, namely when nutrients are reduced, the nutrient pump will be ON and when there is excess the water pump will be ON to neutralize it as needed by the plant every week, controlling day and night conditions, namely during the day the system will work to drain the plants and at night the hydroponic irrigation will stop for efficiency tool, and all sensor values are displayed through the LCD which monitoring the activity of the tool. Therefore, from the system that has been designed, the tool is able to work automatically on the application of automation hydroponic planting system based on acidity, nutrient concentration and lighting.

Design Of Smart Hydroponics Based On Raspberry Pi 3

The development of hydroponic suitable methods is currently quite good, the utilization of the narrow land availability and the people's attractiveness to hydroponics are the reasons for the developing hydroponic suitable method. However, in its development, there is less land with soil growing media, there is a pattern of farming using water media, namely hydroponics (Hydroponics). Hydroponic cultivation must pay attention to the elements that plants need, such as providing special nutrition to plants. The provision of nutrition that is done manually often results in irregular nutrition in hydroponics which results in disruption of hydroponic plant growth and harvest is not optimal. Research on the Smart Hydroponics System based on the Raspberry Pi 3 using the tidal hydroponic system can make it easier for every human being who wants to grow crops especially who are busy with work activities. With the research methodology using flowchart design methods and system block diagrams, where the Raspberry Pi 3 Mini Computer is used to control pumps in the circulation of hydroponic plant nutrients. Set the nutrient pump On / Off, display a Video Stream from the Cyberlink C170 webcam to check the progress of fruit or vegetable crops ready for harvest. Everything is done remotely via the Web Interface at the Manapu location so that with this research, monitoring can be carried out and it is easier to provide the elements needed by plants

Automatic Nourishing and Watering System Detector for Mint Cultivation

Mint plants provide many benefits in everyday life ranging from enhancing aroma and taste in food and beverages, medicine, perfume, cosmetics until as antibacterial, anti-virus and fungal drugs. Mint is an herbal plant that comes from subtropical areas. When it is planted in tropical areas, mint will grow to creep and will not flowering, so it is cultivated in tropical areas such as in Indonesia by using vegetative methods, namely stem cuttings. This raises problems including shoot growth that takes a long time, regular maintenance, and the need for additional nutrients to support the growth of stems and leaf buds. This study aimed to design and build an automatic integrated care control system for mint cultivation. The integrated system that was built includes the provision of nutrition for young coconut water at a dose of 10 milliliters which is flowed on the surface of the mint plant stem cuttings with the frequency of nutrition twice in a day at 8 AM and 4 PM. The second system that was built was automatic watering carried out on 350 milliliters of mint soil media every morning and evening at 7 AM and 5 PM. After testing, the results showed that the detector could work well in reading the activation time of the nutrient pump and sprinkler pump. There were time differences of 4 milliseconds in the delivery of nutrition testing, while in the delay test for watering the planting medium there was a time difference of 70 milliseconds from the time set on the RTC. Overall, the tools that have been made are adequate to assist farmers in cultivating the mint plant, starting from the process of watering the stem cuttings to providing nutrients to accelerate and increase the growth of leaf buds.

Impact of a Mesoscale Cyclonic Eddy on the Phytoplankton Biomass of Bay of La Paz in the Southern Gulf of California

Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous oceanic structures that play pivotal roles in planktonic ecosystems. In this paper, we present observational evidence of the impact of a mesoscale cyclonic eddy on the phytoplankton biomass, measured by chlorophyll-a concentration, in the Bay of La Paz, Gulf of California, using information gathered during a multidisciplinary research cruise in the summer (August) of 2017. A CTD rosette system was used to record high-resolution hydrographic readings and to take water samples for nutrients and spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll-a concentrations, throughout a grid of stations covering the whole area. The results showed that a mesoscale cyclonic eddy, with a diameter of ∼20 km and a maximum velocity of 0.95 m s–1 at its periphery, had established from the surface to a depth of 100 m, inducing differences in the hydrographic properties of the water column. The phytoplankton biomass distribution was closely related to the circulation pattern, with the highest chlorophyll-a concentration (>3 mg m–3) observed in the center of the eddy, in a layer between 20 and 30 m depth, with absolute maximum values located at 20 m depth as a consequence of nutrient pumping. The presence of mesoscale eddies in the Bay of La Paz has been described previously, but their impact on the phytoplankton biomass and its three-dimensional variability has not been quantified systematically. Therefore, further studies that document the effects of these eddies on phytoplankton biomass are needed to better understand highly productive marine areas, such as the Bay of La Paz, and to propose conservation and management strategies.