Number Of Private Hospitals Research Articles

Evaluation of the Health Services at Private Hospitals in the Context of Neoliberal Policies: A Field Study

The regulation of health policies within the scope of neoliberal policies caused the private sector in healthcare to be supported by the states and this led to a significant increase in the number of private hospitals. Increasing the role of private hospitals and the private sector in health services, has moved away from providing health services as a basic social policy and has transformed this area into a commercial area. By commercializing health services and transforming them into a tradable commodity that can be bought and sold, has caused many problems and causing service providers to evaluate health services through market dynamics and this brought the field away from its original purpose. The purpose of this research is to determine the changes in the service quality of health services and to reveal the reasons that transform this area into an area dominated by economic relations. The stage of the research consists of patients who were treated in private hospitals in Ağrı, Muş and Patnos and benefited from the health services of these hospitals. The patient groups who benefited health services from private hospitals in Muş, Ağrı and Patnos, which are believed to represent the stage; 10 from Ağrı, 15 from Muş and 10 from Patnos, were reached using the purposeful qualitative sampling technique. The patients who constitute the sample of the study, were asked conducted questions and interviews by using semi-structured in-depth interview technique according to the subject and purpose of the research. The findings were analyzed and interpreted according to the purpose and subject of the research by using the descriptive analysis method.

Hospital variations in caesarean delivery rates: An analysis of national data in China, 2016-2020

The impact of China's use of caesarean delivery on global public health has been a long-term concern. The number of private hospitals is increasing in China and likely driving up caesarean delivery rates, yet specifics remain unknown. We aimed to investigate variations in caesarean delivery rates across and within hospital types in China. We retrieved data on hospital characteristics and national hospital-level annually aggregated data on the number of deliveries and caesarean deliveries from 2016-2020, covering 7085 hospitals in 31 provinces of mainland China, from the National Clinical Improvement System. We categorized hospitals as public-non-referral (n = 4103), public-referral (n = 1805) and private (n = 1177). Among the private hospitals, 89.1% (n = 1049) were non-referral regarding obstetrical services for uncomplicated pregnancies. Among 38 517 196 deliveries, 16 744 405 were caesarean, giving an overall rate of 43.5% with a minor range of 42.9%-43.9% over time. Median rates differed across hospital types, from 47.0% (interquartile range (IQR) = 39.8%-55.9%) in public-referral, 45.8% (36.2%-55.8%) in private, and 40.3% (30.6%-50.6%) in public-non-referral hospitals. The stratified analyses corroborated the results, except for the northeastern region, where the median rates did not differ across the public-non-referral (58.9%), public-referral (59.3%), and private (58.8%) hospitals, while all ranked higher than the other regions, regardless of hospital type and urbanization levels. The rates within hospital types differed as well, especially in the rural areas of the western region of China, where the difference of rates between the 5th and 95th percentiles was 55.6% (IQR = 4.9%-60.5%) in public-non-referral, 51.5% (IQR = 19.6%-71.1%) in public-referral, and 64.6% (IQR = 14.8%-79.4%) in private hospitals. Variation across hospital types in China was pronounced, with the highest rates either in public-referral or private hospitals, except in the northeastern region, where no variation was observed among the high rates of caesarean deliveries. Variation within each hospital type was pronounced, especially in rural areas of the western region.

THE EFFECT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISES AFTER 2000 ON PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN TURKEY

A local or global economic crisis has serious economic consequences. The severity and duration of crises, which may occur due to more than one factor, may vary depending on these factors. The economic crisis has a negative impact on the health sector as well as all other sectors. The main purpose of the study is to determine the effect of the economic crises after 2000 on private hospitals in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of fourteen parameters such as the number of private hospitals, the number of beds, the total number of imaging, the number of applications to the physician, the number of inpatients, the total number of operations and the number of physicians were examined. Within the scope of the study, document analysis was carried out as a method. Health Statistics Annuals (2020) belonging to the Ministry of Health were taken as a basis in the said document review. When we look at the historical background of Turkey, it is seen that there was an economic crisis in 2001, 2008 and 2016. The 2001 crisis was excluded due to insufficient data. It has been observed that the number of private hospitals in Turkey has increased every year, regardless of the crisis. No effect of the 2008 crisis on the analyzed parameters was observed. When the parameters are evaluated, it was determined that the economic crisis experienced only in 2016 had a negative impact on private hospitals. This crisis had a negative impact on eight of the fourteen parameters examined.

Ambidextrous Leadership Behaviors and Their Role in Organizational Immunity An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Doctors in a Number of Private Hospitals in the City of Erbil

The research aims to identify the role of skillful leadership behaviors (represented by openness and closing behaviors) in achieving organizational immunity in its dimensions (organizational learning, organizational memory, organizational DNA). To achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was designed to measure the reality of skilful leadership behaviors in a number of private hospitals in the city of Erbil and its impact on enhancing organizational immunity through the use of statistical methods for social sciences (SPSS)in order to test the research hypotheses, and the research concluded that Ambidextrous leadership behaviors came at an average level, with a strong impact of these behaviors in achieving organizational immunity

Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Employees’ Performance Appraisal in Private Hospitals in Malaysia

Many organizations conduct performance appraisal to evaluate their employees’ productivity and performance. Effective performance appraisal leads to accurate reviews and thereafter some compensation for the employees who have performed and contributed to their organizations. An effective performance appraisal process is necessary to ensure accurate performance appraisal outcomes. In year 2016, the number of private hospitals in Malaysia is recorded higher than the public hospitals where 216 as compared to 153 (Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2013). Seeing that the healthcare standards demand is high in the private sectors, it is crucial to align employees’ standard of performance with the organizational standards, especially through effective performance appraisal which able to keep track of employees’ performance standard. This study examines the factors affect the effectiveness of employees’ performance appraisal in private hospitals in Malaysia. The factors are performance appraisal process which included planning, controlling and decision making, level of trust, perceived fairness and level of communication. Research questionnaires were distributed to selected private hospitals’ employees to get the relevant data. Data collected were further analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software to find out the results. The results show that only two factors which are performance appraisal process and perceived fairness have significant effect on effectiveness of performance appraisal. The results of the study can be implied by the human resource managers to improve on the significant factors that can affect the performance appraisal system.Keywords: Performance Appraisal, Trust, Perceived Fairness, Communication, Employees.

Low analysis of community interest maintenance in Central Health Center Sukmajaya Kota Depok Provinsi Jawa Barat

According to the recapitulation of the utilization of Community Health Center inpatient services in Depok in 2016-2018, it was very low. The results of an initial survey in October 2018 conducted by Community Heath Center researchers who only served inpatients in only 3 districts, while 1 sub-district had not served general inpatients since one year ago. Of the three sub-districts, only 1 sub-district has inpatients, while others sometimes do not have an in-patient visit within one month. Sukmajaya Community Health Center was appointed to serve general inpatient care, basic neonatal obstetric services and care for malnourished children. Because of the low number of inpatient visits in the city of Depok, the researchers were interested in knowing the strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats of the Sukmajaya Community Health Center. This study used a qualitative method conducted in February 2020 with in-depth interviews using interview guidelines and voice recording devices. Interviews were conducted with the Head of the Community Health Center, Head of Administration, Responsible for Inpatients, Doctors and Nurses. As a result, Sukmajaya Community Health Center was unable to compete with Private Hospitals because private hospitals had better health personnel and infrastructure than Sukmajaya Community Health Center. Besides that, the number of private hospitals in the city of Depok is large and the location is easy to reach, so people prefer hospitals with more convenient facilities.

Does Perceived Service Quality Affect Patient Satisfaction?

The healthcare industry is becoming highly competitive with an increasing number of private hospitals and clinics in Bangladesh. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of assessment of different aspects of service quality on patient satisfaction considering the public and private hospitals and clinics of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A purposive sampling method was used to identify the person who visited hospitals in the previous years' time. The sample size was 100. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The results showed a positive relation between perceived service quality and patient satisfaction. According to this study, the two most important constructs of service quality that have an impact on customer satisfaction are interpersonal interactions and technical quality. The research also found a significant correlation among perceived health care service quality, patient satisfaction, and behavioural intention of the patient. Future research is recommended to test the hypothesis with larger sample.

Emerging Legal Issues in Hospital Management

The healthcare concept in India has undergone a tremendous change in recent years. People have become progressively aware about the importance of healthcare and this has led to higher expectations and an ever increased demand for a high quality of medical care and related facilities.A large number of private hospitals and clinics have come up all over the country with their increasing emphasis and endeavor on quality of health care and the utmost satisfaction of patient. Earlier there were just government and private hospitals. But now, the hospitals categorize themselves as ordinary hospitals, specialty hospitals and super specialty hospitals. There is an enormous growth especially in super specialty hospitals which has resulted in a drastic change in the healthcare sector of the country. Hence, there is manifold increase in the complexity and procedures in the successful management of a hospital in current scenario.

The regulation of private hospitals in Asia.

Private providers play a significant role in the provision of health services in low and middle income countries (LMICs), and the number of private hospitals is increasing rapidly. The growth of the sector has drawn attention to the many problems that are often associated with this sector and the need for effective regulation if private providers are to contribute to the effective provision of healthcare. This paper outlines three main regulatory strategies-command and control, incentives, and self-regulation, providing examples of each approach in Asia. Traditionally, command and control regulatory instruments have dominated the regulation of private hospitals in Asia; however, when deciding on which approach is most appropriate, it is important to consider the goal of the regulation, the context in which it is to be implemented, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. This paper concludes that regulation needs to extend beyond command and control to include a full range of mechanisms. Doing so will help address many of the challenges found within individual approaches, in addition to helping address the regulatory challenges particular to many LMICs.

The Process of Privatization of Health Care Provision in Poland

ObjectivesIn January 1999, a new institutional structure for Poland's health care system was laid out, instigated by the dramatic change in both the political and economic system. Following the dissolution of state socialism, private financing of health care services was encouraged to fill an important role in meeting rising consumer demand and to encourage a more efficient use of resources through competition and private initiative. However, from the outset of the intended transformations, systemic limitations to the privatization process hindered progression, resulting in varying rates of privatization amongst the distinct health care sectors. The aim of this paper is to describe the privatization process and to analyze its pace and differences in strategic approach in all major health care sectors. MethodsPolicy analysis of legislation, government directives, and published national and international scientific literature on Polish health reforms between 1999 and 2012 was conducted. ResultsThe analysis demonstrates a clear disparity in privatization rates in different sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is fully privatized in 2012, and the ambulatory and dental sectors both systematically increased their private market shares to around 70% of all services provided. However, despite a steady increase in the number of private hospitals in Poland since 1999, their overall role in the health care system is comparatively limited. ConclusionsUnclear legal regulations have resulted in a gray area between public and private health care, where informal payments impede the intended function of the system. If left unchanged, official health care in Poland is likely to become an increasingly residual service for the worst-off population segments that are unable to afford the legal private sector or the informal payments which guarantee a higher quality service in the public sector.

Effect of private insurance incentive policy reforms on trends in coronary revascularisation procedures in the private and public health sectors in Western Australia: a cohort study

BackgroundThe Australian federal government introduced private health insurance incentive policy reforms in 2000 that increased the uptake of private health insurance in Australia. There is currently a lack of evidence on the effect of the policy reforms on access to cardiovascular interventions in public and private hospitals in Australia. The aim was to investigate whether the increased private health insurance uptake influenced trends in emergency and elective coronary artery revascularisation procedures (CARPs) for private and public patients.MethodsWe included 34,423 incident CARPs from Western Australia during 1995-2008 in this study. Rates of emergency and elective CARPs were stratified for publicly and privately funded patients. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in trend was calculated before and after 2000 using joinpoint regression.ResultsThe rate of emergency CARPs, which were predominantly percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) with stenting, increased throughout the study period for both public and private patients (AAPC=12.9%, 95% CI=5.0,22.0 and 14.1%, 95% CI=9.8,18.6, respectively) with no significant difference in trends before and after policy implementation. The rate of elective PCIs with stenting from 2000 onwards remained relatively stable for public patients (AAPC=−6.0, 95% C= −16.9,6.4), but increased by 4.1% on average annually (95% CI=1.8,6.3) for private patients (pdifference=0.04 between groups). This rate increase for private patients was only seen in people aged over 65 years and people residing in high socioeconomic areas.ConclusionsThe private health insurance incentive policy reforms are a likely contributing factor in the shift in 2000 from public to privately-funded elective PCIs with stenting. These reforms as well as the increasing number of private hospitals may have been successful in increasing the availability of publicly-funded beds since 2000.

Complicated Grief in the South African Context: A Social Work Perspective

Dr Cornelia Drenth is employed by the Hospice Palliative Care Association of South Africa in the capacity of Palliative Care Development Officer (Northwest Hospices). She has held a part-time private practice as a social worker for the past thirteen years (loss, grief and bereavement, trauma counselling, Road Accident Fund). Her field of expertise is social work in health care, with specific emphasis on loss and bereavement as well as conducting workshops in this regard. Her knowledge base includes palliative care, people living with disabilities, oncology, neurology, rehabilitation, and trauma management. Cornelia Drenth completed a Ph.D. (SW) from the North-West University (Potchefstroom, SA). She co-authored five published articles and contributed to The Legal Aspects of Palliative Care, published by HPCA. Alida Herbst (Ph.D.) is an associate professor and chair person of the Social Work Division in the School for Psychosocial Behavioural Sciences at the Potchefstroom campus of the North-West University, South Africa. Before entering academia, she worked as a medical social worker in 1 Military Hospital as well as a number of private hospitals in South Africa. She specialises in trauma and bereavement work and presents a number of workshops called the Comfort, Care and Compassion series. She has a particular interest in life story work and co-authored a book with the title Memory Work: Telling Your Story through Life Maps. Her research focuses on the psycho-social health of individuals, groups and communities. She has a keen interest in the community engagement activities of the university and is the chairperson of the Student Rag Community Services (SRCS) Advisory Board. The SRCS annually engage 3,000 student volunteers in ninety-two community projects focusing on early childhood development, youth development, support to vulnerable adults and a number of outreach projects. Alida firmly believes in creating co-constructed learning environments whenever she teaches. The ripples-on-apond model of teaching and learning offers an excellent framework for experiential learning and reflective practice which allows her to integrate narratives and art in her teaching on basically all graduate levels. It is particularly valuable when topics like ethics, the professional self, beginner’s practice and stress management form part of the teaching curriculum. She has presented a number of papers on related topics at both international and national conferences and has published a number of national and international scholarly articles. Prof. Herman Strydom was previously a staff member of the University of Pretoria and has since 1987 been appointed as associate professor and since 1999 as professor in Social Work at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University. He was also the Subject Head for Social Work for fourteen years until the end of 2012. His interest regarding subject matter focuses on HIV and AIDS, gerontology, crime and research methodology. He is author and co-author of 104 accredited journal articles, while he is also author and co-author of forty-four chapters in various textbooks and related publications. Herman Strydom is a NRF-rated scientist on level C3. He was involved in presenting eighty-two papers at national and eighty-six at international conferences.

Poor standards of care in small, private hospitals in Maharashtra, India: implications for public–private partnerships for maternity care

The private health sector in India is generally unregulated. Maharashtra is among the few states which require registration of private hospitals. This paper reports on a study of standards of care in small, private hospitals (less than 30 beds) in Maharashtra state, India, with a focus on maternity care, based on interviews with the hospitals' owners or senior staff, and observation. In the absence of reliable information on the number of private hospitals in the state, a physical listing was carried out in 11 districts and an estimate drawn up; 10% of hospitals found in each location were included in the study sample. We found poor standards of care in many cases, and few or no qualified nurses or a duty medical officer in attendance. Of the 261 hospitals visited, 146 provided maternity services yet 137 did not have a qualified midwife, and though most claimed they provided emergency care, including caesarean section, only three had a blood bank and eight had an ambulance. Government plans to promote public–private partnerships with such hospitals, including for maternity services, create concern, given our findings. The need to enforce existing regulations and collect information on health outcomes and quality of care before the state involves these hospitals further in provision of maternity care is called for.

Acute appendicitis in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, a three year review.

Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital is located in Sagamu, a suburban town with a population of 50,000 (1992 census). The hospital is a tertiary care facility in competition with a large number of private hospitals with different levels of competence. The objective of the study is to review the outcome of the surgical management of acute appendicitis in our hospital. A retrospective study of subjects who had appendectomy for the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 2002 and December 2004 was done. 113 subjects consisting of 52 females (46%), and 61 males (54%) were studied. The mean age was 24.1 years, 71 subjects (62.9%) were in the 10-30 years range. 57.5% of the subjects were students and 71 subjects (62.8) resided in urban area. All the subjects, had generalized in 23.9%). The mean duration of symptoms was 3.53 days with standard deviation of 3.69 days. Only 3 subjects presented on the day of onset of symptoms. Only 15 subjects (13.3%) had surgery on the day of admission. 69subjects (61.1%) had uncomplicated inflamed appendix at surgery and 2 subjects (1.8%) had clinically normal appendix. The mean duration of hospital stay was 10.6 days with standard deviation of 7.4. The commonest postoperative complication was pyrexia in 16 subjects (14.2%), followed by wound infection in 12 subjects (10.6%). One subject died (0.9%). The outcome reflects the late presentation and delay in surgical treatment.

End‐Stage Renal Care in Developing Countries: The India Experience

Chronic renal failure is a devastating medical, social and economic problem for patients and their families. There is no data on the true incidence and prevalence of chronic renal failure in the developing world. Delayed diagnosis and failure of institution of measures to slow progression of renal failure result in a predominantly young ESRD population. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a low‐priority area for healthcare planners in developing nations with two‐tier healthcare delivery system. There is a severe shortage of nephrologists and hospitals offering dialysis and transplantation, more so in the poorest regions. There is a direct relationship between the number of dialysis centers and per capita gross national income of developing nations. Shortage in the number of government‐funded hospitals has fanned the growth of a large number of private hospitals offering RRT. The high cost of hemodialysis (HD) puts it beyond the reach of all but the very rich and maintenance HD is the exclusively preserve of private hospitals. Government‐run hospitals are busy with renal transplantation, which is the only realistic long term RRT option for a majority of patients. There are no state‐funded or private health insurance schemes and patients have to raise finances for RRT on their own. Entire families are involved in such endeavors, with resulting loss of income of other family members too. A number of measures are utilized to bring down the RRT costs. For HD, these include cutting down the frequency of dialysis, use of cheaper cellulosic dialyzers, dialyzer reuse and nonutilization of expensive drugs like erythropoietin. Paradoxically, chronic peritoneal dialysis is more expensive than HD; patients use outdated connection systems and are suboptimally dialyzed on 3 exchanges/day. Most patients on dialysis are inadequately rehabilitated. Renal transplant recipients are forced to discontinue expensive drugs like cyclosporine after variable periods leading to high rates of graft loss. Financial considerations often preclude appropriate treatment of steroid‐resistant rejection and cytomegalovirus infection. There is no organized cadaver donation program and an overwhelming majority of transplants are performed using living donors. This led to the practice of the sale of kidneys for transplant. To conclude, the financial burden of RRT in developing nations impacts on the lifestyle and future of entire families, and extracts a cost far higher than the actual amount of money spent on treatment.

Cardiac interventional procedures in the UK 1992 to 1996

In the UK most patients undergoing diagnostic catheterisation and interventional cardiac procedures are treated in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals. However, a number of private hospitals also undertake such procedures...

On phone reservations: Public versus private teaching hospitals

Recently, a rapidly growing property rights l i terature has been consistently showing that an interconnectedness exists among ownership, incentive, and economic behavior [Furubotn and Pejovich, JEL, 1972; DeAlessi, Research in Law and Economics, JAI, 1980]. Among other things, DeAlessi [p. 42] concluded in his summary that "[I]t appears that government-owned firms, relative to unregulated and regulated privately owned firms, are less successful in satisfying consumer wants." To shed some light on this proposition, the authors focus on the availability of phone reservations to first-time visit outpatients to general hospitals located in the Greater Taipei Metropolitan Area. Moreover, it is of interest to examine whether DeAlessi's conclusion remains intact in the presence of a common efficiency-reducing factor, viz., teaching activities [Hadley, JHE, 1983]. Phone reservation is singled out as the consumer-wants-satisfying indicator, partly because it is a well-defined and standardized product, and partly because cost differentials in production can be safely ignored. Only first-visit outpatients are considered so that the possibility that the opening decision is tied to characteristics of patients can be avoided. Finally, it was required that the teaching hospitals be listed in the Greater Taipei Metropolitan Area telephone directory to control partially for heterogeneity and to make the phone survey feasible." There are 194 general hospitals listed in the 1982 Greater Taipei Metropolitan Area Telephone Directory. Fifty-eight island-wide teaching hospitals applied to the Health Bureau, Executive Yuan, for accreditation in the same year. The overlap forms the sample. Specifically, the sample is composed of nine public teaching hospitals and nine private teaching hospitals. None of the public hospitals offered a phone reservation service; four out of nine private hospitals did. With a X 2 statistic of 5.18, the null hypothesis that public hospitals have an identical likelihood of providing phone reservations can be rejected at a .05 significance level. To examine whether the pattern has changed over time, a follow-up phone survey was conducted in October 1987. Again, none of the public hospitals allows phone reservations. The number of private hospitals with phone reservations available, in contrast, had increased from 4 to 5. The even more striking differences should increase confidence in the original test.