Number Of Letters Research Articles

Joseph Fielding Smith's Evolving Views on Race: The Odyssey of a Mormon Apostle-President

Joseph Fielding Smith's Evolving Views on Race: The Odyssey of a Mormon Apostle-President

Numerical Statements of the Holy Quran Based on Verses, Words, and Letters in Makki and Madani Sura

Thy Quran is such a Holy book that has several purposes and objectives for different people. The main objective of this study is to provide numerical statements of the Holy Quran based on verses, words, and letters in Makki and Madani sura. The study intended to compute several descriptive statistics, construct frequency distribution and present it graphically. The data used in this study were extracted from Quran Code software. The result of the study found that the average number of verses, words, and letters in Madani sura is higher than the Makki sura though the number of Makki sura is higher than the Madani sura. The number of verses, words, and letters per Makki and Madani sura is exponentially declining. The first Arabic letter A-lif(ا) occurs at maximum times, and another Arabic letter Dh-aa(ظ) occurs at minimum times than all other letters in both Makki and Madani sura.

Implementation of the Qur'an Reading and Writing Program to Increase Children's Interest in Reading the Qur'an During the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to determine children's interest in the implementation of the RWA (Read-Write Al-Qur'an) program during the Covid-19 Pandemic at the Qur’anul Karim recitation center RT 09 Village 12 Ulu Palembang City. This study uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach which is research that seeks to describe the events and events that take place at the time of the study in accordance with what they are. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded from the RWA program using the Iqra method can increase the interest of students in reading the Qur'an and writing the letters of the Qur'an correctly and neatly. In addition, students can memorize a number of short letters, certain verses, and daily prayers. so they can read their prayers well and get used to living in an Islamic environment. Supporting factors in the implementation of the Qur'an Reading and Writing Program are 1) the policy of village administrators and community leaders in the 12 Ulu sub-district to allow researchers to use Balai as a place for program implementation; 2) The Al-Qur'anul Karim Study Center is equipped with three fans that cool the room so that teachers and children feel comfortable; 3) The Qur'an is available quite a lot; 4) A room that has several windows so that the lighting from the sun is perfect; 5) Availability of places to wash hands; 6) Cleaning tools such as brooms, shovels, buckets and so on are available to facilitate cleaning after using the Hall; and 7) Children who take part in the Al-Qur'an Reading and Writing Program often come on time. While the inhibiting factors are 1) fewer children are coming because children start the new school year by studying online at their respective homes. ; 2) some children are not fluent in reading the Qur'an or Iqra, and some have forgotten how to read the Qur'an or Iqra because they never repeat it at home; 3) When writing the letters that are exemplified, some of the children's writing is not neat, careless, irregular and sometimes wrong in writing.

Trends in utilization of standardized letters of recommendation in the 2021-2022 neurosurgery application process.

Standardized letters of recommendation (SLORs) were introduced during the 2020-2021 neurosurgery residency application cycle, but suffered from poor interrater reliability and grade inflation. Changes were made to the SLOR template and utilization patterns in response to these shortcomings. The authors examined the second year of SLOR utilization. They hypothesized that grade inflation and interrater reliability would be improved from the first iteration. They also hypothesized that increased numbers of letters by single writers would correlate with broader rating distributions. This cross-sectional study analyzed all SLORs submitted to a single neurosurgery residency program over the 2021-2022 cycle. Data from 7 competency domains and the overall rating were recorded and stratified by academic category of the letter writer. Interrater reliability was evaluated using Krippendorff's alpha. The frequency of letters written was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Ninety percent of SLORs rated applicants among the top 25%, but there was a significant decrease in the usage of the top 1% and top 2%-5% ratings. Interrater reliability was poor across all competencies. Writers who completed 1 SLOR rated applicants higher and had a narrower range than those who completed multiple SLORs. Changes in the format and subsequent utilization patterns of SLORs have slightly decreased grade inflation; however, interrater reliability remains poor. The most wide-ranging evaluators submitted the highest number of SLORs, suggesting that future evaluation and usage of SLORs should emphasize letter-writer characteristics and numbers of SLORs written. Overall, SLORs have been well and broadly accepted with subtle improvements in the second year of utilization.

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN KORESPONDENSI DENGAN PEMANFAATAN MAIL MERGE PADA MICROSOFT WORD BAGI SEKRETARIS OSIS SMA DI KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN

The creation of correspondence needs to pay attention to the rules in writing official letters. To minimize errors in writing in letters such as the use of ineffective sentences, errors in writing people's names and positions, it is necessary to compile sentences, good and correct word selection and spelling. Correspondence made by the Student Council Secretary uses Microsoft word so it takes a long time if you have to make a large number of letters to be delivered to all members of the student council. In order to facilitate these activities, training was carried out on how to make letters in large quantities easily, quickly, effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this community service activity was that as many as 25 participants from representatives of the High School Student Council Secretary in Pekalongan Regency gained knowledge about correspondence and the use of mail merge on Microsoft word to support activities in their organization. This activity starts from the preparation, implementation and evaluation of activities. The result of the activity was that the participants were enthusiastic and responsive in participating in the activity, with the hope that the student council administrators could be more skilled in making letters in large quantities and minimize the occurrence of errors in writing letters.

Practical Skills of Business English Correspondence Writing Based on Data Mining Algorithm

English correspondence writing has become a necessary skill for every scientific researcher and high-tech talents. An English correspondence writing auxiliary writing system can help nonnative English speakers make up for the lack of professional expression. The key factor of business English correspondence writing system is the construction of knowledge base. To improve the business English correspondence writing knowledge base, we need to mine frequent patterns of sentences in each category. The purpose of this topic is to improve and supplement the knowledge base for the business English correspondence writing system and propose frequent pattern mining for sentences in each category, so as to improve the writing knowledge base for the business English correspondence writing system. Firstly, we crawl a large number of business English letters and telegrams from the Internet, extract the relevant summary information, then store it, and preliminarily construct a corpus based on sentences. Then, we do some research on the structure of business English correspondence abstracts, mark the sentences in the corpus and count the relevant information, and have a certain understanding of their writing methods. Finally, we mine frequent patterns for sentences in each category, so as to improve the knowledge base of summary writing for the business English correspondence writing system. In the experiment, we use the classical FP growth algorithm as the mining method. The experiment shows that the frequent patterns between 3 and 6 words have been mined to a certain extent. By gradually improving the mining strategy, the quality of mining results has been improved and the writing effect of business English correspondence of scientific researchers has been improved.

Nymph piss and gravy orgies: Local and global contrast effects in relational humor.

How does the relation between two words create humor? In this article, we investigated the effect of global and local contrast on the humor of word pairs. We capitalized on the existence of psycholinguistic lexical norms by examining violations of expectations set up by typical patterns of English usage (global contrast) and within the local context of the words within the word pairs (local contrast). Global contrast was operationalized as lexical-semantic norms for single-words and local contrast was operationalized as the orthographic, phonological, and semantic distance between the two words in the pair. Through crowd-sourced (Study 1) and best-worst (Study 2) ratings of the humor of a large set of word pairs (i.e., compounds), we find evidence of both global and local contrast on compound-word humor. Specifically, we find that humor arises when there is a violation of expectations at the local level, between the individual words that make up the word pair, even after accounting for violations at the global level relative to the entire language. Semantic variables (arousal, dominance, and concreteness) were stronger predictors of word pair humor whereas form-related variables (number of letters, phonemes, and letter frequency) were stronger predictors of single-word humor. Moreover, we also find that semantic dissimilarity increases humor, by defusing the impact of low-valence words-making them seem more amusing-and by enhancing the incongruence of highly imageable pairs of concrete words. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Geometrically-Exact Inverse Kinematic Control of Soft Manipulators With General Threadlike Actuators’ Routing

The inverse kinematic control of soft robots appears as an open challenge that has been the subject of a number of letters presented in the last decade. Some solutions have been provided based on specific assumptions on the robot’s shape or the actuation mechanism. Other more generic approaches are characterized by a significant computational cost or by a low level of accuracy for very high deformations. In the effort to overcome some of these limitations, here we present a Geometrically-Exact (GE) inverse kinematics controller, which can be applied to soft manipulators having general threadlike actuators’ routing. Being GE, the approach is suitable to applications involving arbitrarily large bending and twisting, and, on the other side, it relies on a reduced number of Degrees of Freedom (DOFs). We prove the feasibility of the proposed Jacobian-based inverse kinematic control in simulation for soft manipulators with complex and discontinuous actuators’ routing.

SEC review of non‐GAAP comment letters in family firms

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate whether the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)’s review of voluntary non‐GAAP disclosures in 10‐K reports varies with firm ownership structure. Relying on the voluntary disclosure literature, we argue that managers voluntarily disclose financial and non‐financial information in order to resolve information asymmetries arising from firm ownership structure. We find, using a sample of firms over the period 2006–2018, that family ownership reduces the likelihood of receiving a comment letter related to non‐GAAP disclosures. We also show that family firms take a longer period and exchange a larger number of correspondence letters with the SEC before the latter closes the case. These findings contribute to the family firm literature and expand the literature investigating the SEC review of voluntary non‐GAAP disclosures.

Systematic Process to Determine Clinical Harm From Delayed Communication Between Primary and Secondary Healthcare

Introduction: Timely written communication between primary and secondary healthcare providers is paramount to ensure effective patient care. In 2020, there was a technical issue between two interconnected electronic patient record (EPR) systems that were used by a large hospital trust and the local community partners. The trust provides healthcare to a diverse multiethnic inner-city population across three inner-city London boroughs from two extremely busy acute district general hospitals. Consequently, over a four-month period, 58,521 outpatient clinic letters were not electronically sent to general practitioners following clinic appointments. This issue affected 27.9% of the total number of outpatient clinic letters sent during this period and 42,251 individual patients. This paper describes the structure, methodological process, and outcomes of the review process established to examine the harm that may have resulted due to the delay. Methodology: Senior clinicians examined the letters following training to ensure a standardized consistent approach to the evaluation. They searched whether any actions that had been requested to be undertaken by primary care had been completed in a timely fashion. Thereafter, they indicated whether in their opinion there was any potential “predefined” harm. All letters that were identified as “potential” harm were reexamined by the leads to determine that the harm or inaction was truly accurate. The trust then contacted the patient to apologize and urgently expedite the outstanding action. Patients were not contacted in those situations where no actions were required or already undertaken (99.5%), as this could potentially cause unnecessary anxiety. If an actual harm was detected, it would then be declared as a serious incident and investigated appropriately, including a duty of candor (if the harm was moderate or severe). A “clinical harm review panel” convened regularly to monitor the quality of this process and thereby provide quality assurance. Governance of the process of review was assured by this panel being overseen by a regularly convened regionwide group. Results: 58,521 letters were evaluated over three months by 36 evaluators. No serious untoward incidents were identified, but 1,323 inactions were identified from these letters. These were then all cross-checked with information from EPR. Consequently, only 327 were deemed to be inactions that required further contact with the patient (of the 58,521 letters evaluated, this constituted 0.56%). Certain departments made more requests compared to others (e.g., cardiology, dermatology, and gastroenterology). Most surgical specialties did not generate any actions. Reassuringly, no letters related to cancer had any outstanding actions. The frequency of actions not enacted due to the delay was as follows: did not attend (n=3), medication change (n=173), blood tests (n=73), other investigations (n=31), onward referral (n=47). An audit trail of all outstanding actions has been maintained to allow monitoring in case there was any query in future. We also reviewed those patients who had died to investigate whether the death could be in any way linked to nonreceipt of the letter. There were 367 deaths, and an independent review revealed that no deaths were linked to the nonreceipt of the letter. Ten percent of the deaths (n=36) had a full structured clinical review to further validate the process. Discussion: This paper has described a systematic process of analyzing a large cohort of electronic correspondence to determine any potential harm to patients that may occur due to the delay in communication between primary and secondary care. The structured methodology, well supported by relevant community stakeholders and closely monitored by the clinical harm review panel, could serve as a template to other organizations that may face similar incidents in future.

The Construction and Contents of the Beatty-Michigan Pauline Epistles Codex (𝔓⁴⁶)

Abstract The surviving portion of the papyrus codex of the letters of Paul split between the Chester Beatty Library and the University of Michigan (𝔓⁴⁶) consists of a well preserved but damaged single quire containing parts of nine of Paul’s letters. Because the pages of the codex are numbered, scholars have believed that it is possible to reconstruct the original size of the quire, which turns out to be too small for the traditional Pauline corpus of fourteen letters. Many scholars have taken this to mean that the codex did not contain the Pastoral letters (1–2 Timothy and Titus). Jeremy Duff has argued that the copyist increased the number of letters per page in the second half of the codex and intended to add extra leaves in order to produce a codex with all of the fourteen letters found in the majority of undamaged Greek manuscripts of Paul’s letters. While Duff’s hypothesis has been critically engaged on other grounds, this article assesses Duff’s proposed ancient comparanda for the addition of extra folia to the end of a single-quire codex and revisits the problem of the contents of this codex in light of the construction techniques of better preserved single-quire codices.

آیات احکام میں تفسیر تیسیر القرآن کا منہج و اسلوب

Tafseer Taiseer-ul-Quran is comprised upon four volumes; current Tafseer of Moulana Abdul Rehman Killani is the first Tafseer of all Urdu Tafseer in which other verses of Quran and Sahih Hadith are most relied upon. Eighty percent of the Hadith are consulted from Bukhari and Muslim in it. The Hadith relating with the revelation of glory is also utilized to get the appropriate findings. An apologetic manner is avoided in this research work and it provides concise answers to irrational questions and objections. The main objective of this research is analyze the Tafseer of Moulana Abdul Rehman Killani in the focused context of bringing one of the most comprehensive Tafseerul Quran into the limelight. It contains Surahs, along with its virtues. The current study is qualitative in nature based upon descriptive and explorative research techniques. The methodology used in this research work revolves around primary and secondary sources both, Quran, Ahadith, Seerah and books. The glory of the Surahs is revealed and the timeline of revelation is also discussed. Number of verses in the name of Surahs, Rukuat,, words and number of letters are explained in this study. Maulana Abdul Rehman Killani has also paid much attention on the issue of Quranic sciences in his literary Tefseer. Tafeer has been compiled in every time and era, so Taisar-ul-Quran is also a unique addition to the literary world which will solve many contradictory questions of the scholars.

Reflections on the Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

Reflections on the Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Tan Sri Dato Haji Mubin Sheppard and Paul H. Kratoska Publication is one of the principal activities of most scholarly associations, including the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. The Society's mission is to collect, disseminate, and preserve information about Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei, and to fulfil this goal, it publishes a journal, original monographs, and reprints of older publications. Tan Sri Dato Haji Mubin Sheppard (1905–94) was an officer of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society and served for many years as editor of its journal. In September 1985 he presented a paper about the journal at a conference on 'Academic publishing in ASEAN: problems and prospects'. The paper, which was printed in the conference proceedings,1 provided a useful summary of the journal's history and some of the problems it faced. His concerns included printing, marketing, and distribution (both overseas and in Malaysia), and how to ensure that back issues of the journal remained available and accessible. The points Sheppard mentioned in 1985 would have been familiar to Carl Gibson-Hill, who edited the journal 30 years earlier. Gibson-Hill complained of substandard printing and difficulties getting printers to make corrections. Editors needed to visit printing offices, and Sheppard notes that when the society's offices relocated from Singapore to Petaling Jaya, a satellite city of Kuala Lumpur, printing of the journal also moved from Singapore.2 Gibson-Hill also expressed concern about preserving back issues of the journal and keeping them available to the public. In connection with a possible donation of back issues to a library, Gibson-Hill wrote: if possible the back numbers should be bound, and arrangements made to bind each subsequent volume as it is completed. … We mention the matter [End Page 95] of binding as experience has taught us that loose parts of journal are much more liable to disappear from libraries than are bound volumes.3 When Sheppard wrote his article, authors submitted typed manuscripts and communicated with the journal editor through the postal service. Processing articles for publication involved keying them in on a linotype machine, which produced slugs of type used for printing, and proofreading took place on "galley proofs", long sheets of paper that would later be broken down into pages. Corrections required physical replacement of lines of metallic type, and changes had to conform to the number of words and letters in the corrected passage to fit the space taken up by the original text. At the time of printing, the editor ordered extra copies of the journal that were used to prepare offprints, copies of an article sent to the author for distribution to friends and colleagues. Thirty years later, when I assumed the editorship in 2015, every step in the process had changed. This article begins with Sheppard's paper, edited to remove details that have fallen out of date. Following his account, I have added an update explaining changes in the way manuscripts are submitted, published, and read. The History, Publications and Distribution of JMBRAS in Ancient and Modern Times By Tan Sri Dato' Mubin Sheppard History A meeting was held in Raffles Library, Singapore, on November 4th 1877 at which a resolution was presented and approved reading 'that the gentlemen present form themselves into a Society for collecting and recording scientific information in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. The said Society to be, for the present, called The Straits Asiatic Society.' Those present included Archdeacon G. F. Hose, who presided, W. E. Maxwell, who was then the Colonial Secretary, A. M. Skinner, who was then the Colonial Treasurer, W. A. Pickering the Protector of the Chinese, C. J. Irving, the Resident Councillor Malacca, and D. F. A. Hervey, a Magistrate. Mr. Skinner, who was the first Honorary Secretary, wrote to the Royal Asiatic Society in London asking if the new body could be accepted as a Branch of the older Society (which had been founded in 1826). Approval was received from London in March 1878 and the Society was then renamed The Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. The Governor of the Straits...

Kanji Continuum Structure in I Meito Kouryuu no Tanoshimi Magazine Volume 17

This research aims to describe the structure of the kanji continuum within I Meito Kouryuu no Tanoshimi magazine Volume 17. The data source used in this research is I Meito Kouryuu no Tanoshimi Magazine Volume 17 and data form are kanji continuum or kanji sequence. The data is obtained by data recording technique, and the data are classified based on the number of constituent elements in every data, which is 3 and 4 constituent elements. Based on the results of this research, it shows that the kanji continuum is consists of six to nine kanjis, has three or four constituent elements, the three-forming constituent element category is composed of six to seven kanjis, the four-forming constituent element is composed of eight to nine kanjis, it is structured in a head-modifier relationship and the meaning is lexical, and the structure and relation of meaning becomes more complex as the number of letters on the kanji continuum increases.

The Effect of Distance Learning on the Kanji Reading Ability of 4th Semester Students

Distance learning that works during the covid-19 pandemic changed the student's ability to receive or understand the learning content. Kanji is one of the difficult lecture materials for Japanese language students. A very large number of kanji letters and students' study habits are only made before a test becomes an obstacle in mastering kanji, so persistence, interest, and motivation are needed to learn kanji during distance learning. The preliminary study results show that students' motivation and interest decreased during distance learning. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of distance learning on the ability to read kanji in fourth-semester students. The instrument used was a questionnaire distributed online with 47 students of Japanese Language Education class 2019 involved as respondents. The study results show that distance learning affects students' kanji reading skills by 22.4%. A student's ability to read kanji is influenced by external and internal factors, including a lack of support from friends and family during the study from home, lack of interest in learning kanji during distance learning, lack of time to practice and learn kanji every day, and students still tend to learn kanji only when there is an exam

Cloud Based QR Code for Confidential Message

The QR code was created to be used for data storage and high-speed reading applications. QR codes are used to connect important world products that have been tagged with a QR code to the internet. A new QR code with two storage cloud layers is proposed: a private cloud and a public cloud. The private cloud is imperceptible to typical QR code perusers. It can also be utilized for archive verification. It comprises data encoded utilizing QR code with a blunder revision limit, which assists with further developing the first record from a duplicate and the QR code storage limit. The public cloud is, in many cases, perused by many. While the public level is created by replacing dark modules with clear finished designs, the private level is created by replacing dark modules with clear finished designs. This confirmation is addressed by being aware of the print-and-scan process's used finish. The acknowledgement method is commonly used in both private message exchange and confirmation situations. The capacity limit is frequently worked on by increasing the number of code letters in order Q or increasing the size of a two-level QR code for secret messages. When the coding alphabet QR is increased or the pattern size is increased, the storage capacity is frequently significantly increased.

Alphabet Recognition with Augmented Reality Technology Based on Android Using Extreme Programming Model

Lack of literacy or interest in reading is the cause of children having difficulty recognizing the letters of the alphabet and assembling them into words or sentences because the letters are similar. Early childhood students have difficulty learning letters because there are too many letters of the alphabet that must be memorized, the number of letters of the alphabet there are 26 letters that must be memorized. In addition, early childhood students complain that reading is very difficult to pronounce because the way the teacher conveys reading techniques for students is difficult to understand so that it is boring for early childhood students. This makes it difficult for young children to pronounce letters. In software development using Extreme Programming (XP) where writing programs in pairs, two programming people work together to write programs. Currently, computer vision technology has been used in various industries, including trade, medicine, education, and so on. Augmented reality is one of the computer vision technologies. The technology of computer vision is to combine synthetic images into the real world or vice versa. By making an android application with an extreme programming method that utilizes Augmented Reality technology that can display 3D, animation, and sound so that it looks real, it makes early childhood interested and makes it easier for them to learn the letters of the alphabet.

COVID-19 Literature Published in Emergency Medicine Journals in 2020.

IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related articles published in emergency medicine (EM) journals provide insight into the responses of EM researchers and journal editors globally to a newly emerging infectious disease. We studied trends in the number, types, and national origins of COVID-19 literature published in EM journals to investigate knowledge transmission via scientific publication during the pandemic.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study. The EM journal list was adopted from the 2019 Journal Citation Reports. We retrieved data from the SCOPUS database, limited to publication year 2020, and identified COVID-19 publications when the title, abstract, or keywords included “COVID” or “SARS.” The outcome measurements were as follows: 1) monthly COVID-19 publication numbers in EM journals; 2) the percentage of COVID-19 published literature in terms of total journal publications; 3) the countries, affiliations, and authors of COVID-19-related publications; 4) the differences in the proportions of “Articles” and “Letters” between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 publications; and 5) the total, average, and maximum number of times cited for different types of COVID-19-related scientific literature.ResultsWe retrieved a total of 7,457 published papers from 31 EM journals. There were 765 (10.26%) COVID-19-related publications in 27 journals contributed by 67 countries; the first authors were from 49 countries. The monthly COVID-19 publication numbers in the categories of “Letters” and “Articles” were nearly equal before July 2020. The yearly proportions of COVID-19-focused articles and letters were 48.8% and 29.9%, respectively, while non-COVID-19 proportions were 72.1% and 9.8%, respectively. The chi-squared statistic of the differences between the numbers of articles and letters in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 published research was significant (P < .001).ConclusionAn analysis of COVID-19 publications in EM journals indicated that, in the early stage of a newly emerging infectious disease, the number of letters and articles increased simultaneously. The proportion of COVID-19-focused letters was higher than those published on other topics. The “Article” and “Review” category of COVID-19 research was cited more times than that of “Letters.”

Equivalence of the descents statistic on some (4,4)-avoidance classes of permutations

In this article, we compute the generating function of the joint distribution of the first letter and descents statistics on six avoidance classes of permutations corresponding to two patterns of length four thereby demonstrating their equivalence. This distribution is in turn shown to be equivalent to the distribution on a restricted class of inversion sequences for the statistics that record the last letter and number of distinct positive letters, affirming a recent conjecture of Lin and Kim. Members of each avoidance class of permutations and also of the class of inversion sequences are enumerated by the nth large Schröder number, and thus, one obtains a new bivariate refinement of these numbers as a consequence. We make use of auxiliary combinatorial statistics to establish a system of recurrences for the distribution in question in each case and define special generating functions (specific to the class) based on the system. In some cases, we utilize the conjecture itself in a creative way to aid in solving the functional equations satisfied by these associated generating functions and in others use the kernel method.

Cognitive functions and professional status in the open population of Russia/Siberia among adults aged 25–44 years

Objective: to establish associations of cognitive functions (CFs) and professional level in an open population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years.Patients and methods. The subject of the study was a random representative sample of one of the Novosibirsk districts population aged 25–44 years (463 men, mean age 35.94±5.957 years, and 546 women, mean age 36.17±5.997 years) in 2013–2016. CFs were screened using: A.R. Luria 10 words learning task – immediate and delayed recall after the interfering task; Bourdon Test (BT); exclusion of “the fifth extra” test; verbal fluency test (naming animals in 1 min). Education level and professional status were assessed according to the criteria of the WHO international program MONICA protocol.Results and discussion. The analysis showed that the management and engineering and technical staff (ETS) coped significantly better with cognitive tests than manual labor workers. The analysis of memory using the A.R. Luria test showed that the differences in the first recall of 10 words between manual labor workers and managers reached 0.849 words, in the mean number of correctly remembered words it reached 0.735 words, and in delayed recall – 1.096 words (p&lt;0.05). Attention assessment using BT revealed that the number of letters crossed out in 1 min was higher among the management staff compared to the manual labor workers, reaching 4.978 characters (p&lt;0.05). ETS scores in this test were close to the management staff scores (p&lt;0,0001). Also, a tendency to a smaller number of mistakes made by managers and ETS compared to workers was revealed in the BT. In the analysis of semantic associations in the verbal fluency test the differences in the number of animals named per 1 min reached 3.007 animals between manual labor workers and managers. Similar differences were observed between manual labor workers and ETS (p&lt;0.05). Abstract reasoning evaluation using the “the fifth extra” test showed that managers and ETS excluded a greater number of words that did not correspond to the logical series (i.e., they showed the best result in this test) than manual labor workers (p&lt;0.05). ETS and management staff showed best performance in cognitive tests compared to manual labor workers of the same educational level.Conclusion. A quantitative association has been established between a low professional level, level of education and a decrease in cognitive functions among people aged 25–44 years.