Number Of Elderly People Research Articles

Comparative Study of Population Aging Trend in Iran and Poland

Population aging and its consequences are an extremely controversial issue in the global context. An increase in the number of older people along with a decrease in the birth rate leads to an excessive burden on the economically active part of the population. Such imbalances threaten to reduce the workforce, slow economic growth, increase social spending, increase the fiscal burden. Therefore, using the country’s own experience to solve the problem of rapid aging of the nation and take measures to improve the quality of life of older people and their social integration into society is insufficient, as changes in the age structure of the population may occur for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to study and adapt the experience of other countries to address this social issue. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the aging population in Iran and Poland, as well as to assess the impact of the nation’s aging on life expectancy, fertility and gross domestic product (GDP) in these two countries. The object of the study is Poland as a representative of European countries, which is facing an increase in the number of elderly people, and Iran as a country where the age structure of the population is just beginning to change. The study period is 1950-2020. The results of the study show that there has been an increase in the elderly population, but the share of this population compared to other countries is lower. The authors of the study proved the existence of significant differences in the aging population in Poland and Iran. A feature of the demographic situation in Iran is the declining birth rate, which leads to a decrease in the total population and an increase in the proportion of elderly people. These socio-demographic transformations in the long run can have a destructive effect on Iran’s GDP. In contrast to Iran, Poland is experiencing an increase in population aging, leading to rising spending on social security and protection, as well as falling GDP. The rapid growth of the elderly population compared to the growth of the total population of the country and the increase in the share of elderly people in the coming years emphasizes the need for further planning of control over the problems associated with this population group.

ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ НА СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ РЕГИОНА В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СОЦИУМА

Reduction of number and aging of the population causes the necessity of stu- dying of trends and regularities of the movement of various age groups of the population, in relation to zone conditions of the region – as favorable for accommodation and farming, and in severe conditions, with the droughty and semidesertic steppe. Results of the analysis of structure of age groups in the total number of the population on the Russian Federation, the Volga Federal Dist- rict (VFD) and the Saratov region are presented in article. Calculations of indicators and dyna- mics of demographic and pension burden, potential load of working-age population for rural territories of Right-bank and Left-bank areas and area in general are executed. Demographic indicators of rural territories of the Saratov region show the steady growth of the population of advanced age and decrease in number of younger and able-bodied age. Increase in population is more senior than working-age can demonstrate improvement of medical care, ecology, climate and conditions for accommodation. Increase in number of elderly people in the village at the small number of children is a negative factor, confirming outflow of youth from the region. But, judging by a share of growth of youth in structure of the population, especially in Left-bank areas, quite reasonably to believe that extinction does not threaten the village. Also the shortcoming of workers for agrarian economy, experts and workers of the social sphere of the village since the number of toilers will be reduced further in connection with modernization of agricultu- ral production does not threaten in the long term. In this regard a strategic task on prospect will be carrying out structural and functional transformations of rural territories, and also need of creation of other sources of earnings for rural areas. Considering the concept of «Silver economy» in the Western community, the trends promoting improvement of quality of life of the population are noted, and authors consider one of the main results and innovations growth of number of jobs and satisfaction of the growing number of requirements of the new market of services for elderly people, and also development of actions for support of active and healthy aging, emergence and readiness of acceptance of new products and services which will allow to increase employment rate of elderly people in the village.

Características sociodemográficas de idosos que foram a óbito após queda do mesmo nível no Estado de Goiás

The senescence process brings with it a series of physiological changes that affect the effectiveness of the functions of the organic systems of the elderly population, and, with this, the increased risk of falls. In the elderly, falls from a height can have disastrous consequences. Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic characteristics and number of elderly people who died after falling from the same level in the State of Goiás. Methods: Data from the DATASUS Mortality Information System (MIS) in the period from 2011 to 2017, referring to elderly people who died due to falls of the same level, classified with code W01 and W18. The variables analyzed were sex, age, place of death, ethnicity / race and macro-region. Results: The results appointed that the number of deaths higher in females and age equal to or greater than 80, the majority of deaths occurred after hospitalization of the elderly and the increase in the number of deaths was observed after falling from the same level within the period studied. The epidemiological profile of the population affected after falling from the same level allows for a review of government actions and care practices for prevention and care after this event. Keywords: Elderly. Fall. Death.

Effectiveness of Hand Care Therapy and Garden Walks That Are Conscious of the Stimulation of the Five Senses for Recovery of Cognitive and Mental and Physical Dysfunction Caused by COVID-19

The Japan Dementia Prevention Society conducted a questionnaire survey of dementia specialists conducted in August 2020. Regarding the worsening of symptoms in people with dementia, 8% answered that they “accept more” and 32% answered that they “recognize a minority”. In the previous research report (Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation Vol.8 No.3), we examined whether hand care therapy (HCT) as one of the passive horticultural therapy was effective in preventing dementia/MCI. Start of the test in August 2018 (I: BL) to February 2020 (VII: 18M) was, the use of HCT was to be effective in preventing dementia and MCI illness and slowing progression. Due to the COVID19 pandemic, VIII (24M) was evaluated in August 2020, and IX (27M) also measured ANS during activity. At that time, they divided into the Group E who had refrained from welfare facilities for the elderly due to the influence of COVID19 and the Group F who HCT continued. In the evaluation of VIII (24M), it was found that the cognitive function of the Group E was significantly reduced compared to VII, and Group F did not show a significant decrease. ADL decreased and depressive symptoms increase by continuing a life with less going out due to the influence of COVID 19 regardless of the use of the facility. It became clear that both Group E and Group F show good changes in ANS balance in the IX. Therefore, by utilizing horticultural therapy that the power of nature and plants in addition to utilizing welfare facilities for the elderly, cognitive impairment in COVID 19. It was expected to lead to prevention and prevention of negative psychology and behavior such as depressive views and depressive tendencies. In the previous research report (Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation Vol.8 No.3), we examined whether hand care therapy (HCT) as one of passive horticultural therapy was effective in preventing dementia/MCI. In the trend from the start of the test in August 2018 (I: BL) to February 2020 (VII: 18M) was, the use of HCT was shown to be effective in preventing dementia and MCI illness and slowing progression. Due to the COVID19 pandemic, various activity restrictions have been implemented in Japan since March 2020, and the number of elderly people who do not receive long-term care or rehabilitation has increased. Therefore, in August and November 2020, when the spread of COVID19 was reduced, cognitive function evaluation was carried out. At that time, they divided into the elderly group (Group E) who had refrained from welfare facilities for the elderly due to the influence of COVID19 and the elderly group (Group F) who HCT continued.

ПОЖИЛОЙ ПАЦИЕНТ С ОСТРЫМ КОРОНАРНЫМ СИНДРОМОМ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЕДЕНИЯ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19

An increased number of elderly people in the medical terms means the pre- dominance of pathology in the morbidity structure, which is determined by comorbidity, systemic lesions and an unfavorable prognosis. Comorbid patients are the most vulnerable group with a particularly high risk of adverse outcomes. In the presented review, the problem of management of acute coronary syndro- me (ACS) in elderly patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is addressed. The review demonstrates results of randomized clinical trials and registries of recent years, which purposefully included patients with ACS aged ≥ 75 years. Particular attention is paid to the need for a geriatric assessment of patients, the presence and severity of senile asthenia and its influence on the choice of treatment tactics and prognosis. The problem of choosing a method of myocardial revascularization and drug therapy schemes in elderly patients is considered under pandemic conditions. Issues related to drug interactions between drugs for the treatment of acute forms of coronary heart disease and drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 are reflected. In this situation, taking into account the risks of possible drug-drug interactions is of particular importance, which is especially challenging in elderly comorbid pa- tients. Based on the available data, we have analyzed the main trends in the choice of treatment tactics for elderly patients with ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Memory, Identity and Old Age: The Sense of an Ending as the Story of Ageing

The Sense of an Ending (2011) by Julian Barnes touches upon many issues such as gender, class, sexuality, death, and memory. It particularly underlines how our memories can be misleading and thus create false images of ourselves as well as of the people around us. One of the subjects dealt with in the novel is the process of ageing. Barnes does not represent the period of senescence as the phase of decay and stagnancy. Rather, it is a new stage in one’s life when a new sense of the self is formed and new facets of life – either positive or negative – are (re)discovered. Beginning particularly with the 1970s, old people with complex and interesting personalities have become the focus of contemporary fiction. The increase in the number of elderly people, the developments in gerontology and the theories of ageing have contributed to the emergence of new literary genres such as midlife bildung, reifungsroman and vollendungsroman. The aim of this paper is to focus on the complexities of later life represented in The Sense of an Ending and analyse the novel considering the features of vollendungsroman, a term suggested by Constance Rooke to define “the novel of completion” or “winding up”.

Aging, Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases: Management through Physical Exercise and Nutritional Interventions.

Gut microbiota (GM) is involved in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, thus the alteration of its composition and functionality has been associated with many pathologies such as metabolic diseases, and could also be linked with the progressive degenerative process in aging. Nowadays, life expectancy is continuously rising, so the number of elder people and the consequent related pathologies demand new strategies to achieve healthy aging. Besides, actual lifestyle patterns make metabolic diseases a global epidemic with increasing trends, responsible for a large mortality and morbidity in adulthood and also compromising the health status of later stages of life. Metabolic diseases and aging share a profile of low-grade inflammation and innate immunity activation, which may have disturbances of GM composition as the leading mechanism. Thus, GM emerges as a therapeutic target with a double impact in the elderly, counteracting both aging itself and the frequent metabolic diseases in this population. This review summarizes the role and compositional changes of the GM in aging and its modulation through nutritional interventions and physical exercise as a strategy to counteract the aging process and the related metabolic diseases.

The Importance of Physical Activity in the Interaction of Motor and Cognitive Functions in Elderly People

Background. It is predicted that in 2060, the number of elderly people in Lithuania (62 and over years of age) will be 31.2% (Tamutienė & Naujanienė, 2013). The maintenance of stable posture requires particular attention because it gets more difficult to sustain it while doing multiple moves at the same time when you are getting older (Woo, Davids, Liukkonen, Chow, & Jaakkola, 2017). The aim of the study was to determine the importance of physical activity for the interplay of motor and cognitive functions in elderly people.
 Methods. Evaluation of static equilibrium by posturographic method, evaluation of cognitive functions, statistical analysis.
 Results. The results of the physically active and inactive research subjects were statistically significant (p = .043) in memory task with the eyes closed and in a simple position. A statistically significant difference in the sway velocity (Vsc) between the physical activity groups with eyes closed in simple position was also observed (p = .044). Double task with eyes closed resulted in worse balance performance.
 Conclusions. 1. Physical activity did not affect the motor function of the elderly. There were no differences between the physically active and inactive subjects in the assessed behavioral indices. 2. Physical activity did not affect the cognitive functions of the elderly. All elderly subjects were equally mistaken in their cognitive memory task. 3. The motor functions of the physically active elderly are controlled statistically significantly better when performing additional cognitive tasks than those of the physically inactive ones.
 Keywords: balance, elderly, physical activity.

Análise da rede de multibormidades em idosos atendidos em um centro de referência: estudo transversal

INTRODUÇÃO: Idosos possuem múltiplos diagnósticos com padrões de similaridade que podem ser analisados pela teoria das redes complexas. Distúrbios crônicos com repercussões na capacidade funcional tendem aumentar em número e gravidade nesses indivíduos, sendo necessária análise integrada para compreender a relação entre envelhecimento e multimorbidades. OBJETIVO: Analisar os padrões de interação entre as doenças que acometem idosos de um centro de referência. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram coletados dados clínicos e doenças diagnosticadas em 2973 prontuários de idosos cadastrados de um centro de referência de atenção à saúde do idoso. As doenças foram consideradas nós da rede e os idosos as arestas de modo não direcionada. O peso das arestas correspondiam à quantidade de idosos com duas doenças simultaneamente. Através do software Gephi (versão 0.9.2) foram analisados grau de conectividade entre as doenças (grau de entrada), interação das doenças em sugbrupos (Comunity), doenças mais influentes (Hubs) e doenças que atuam como pontes entre duas ou mais comunidades. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 30 nós (doenças) e 433 arestas com pesos distintos de acordo com a quantidade de idosos, e 3 comunidades onde o grau de conectividade é maior entre si. A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) apresentou-se como o Hub de maior influência na rede. CONCLUSÃO: A construção da rede complexa mapeou as doenças e a influência na assistência ao idoso. Informações relevantes para os gestores locais, na busca de intervenções efetivas no serviço que visem contribuir para prevenção das principais comorbidades e auxiliar na independência funcional dos pacientes.

Pendidikan Kesehatan Pencegahan Stroke dan Asam Urat pada Lanjut Usia

Along with economic progress, environmental improvement and advancement of science and technology, especially in health sciences, health promotion, disease prevention and health services have resulted in increased life expectancy for humans. Our society now sees the elderly as people who are less productive, less attractive, less energetic, easy to forget, therefore to realize healthy, productive elderly people at dusk, efforts are needed, one of which is by improving healthy lifestyles. Survey conducted by the Team, The number of elderly people in Posyandu is 79 people. There are only 2 active Posyandu cadres active, the elderly rarely visit the Posyandu, and the lack of knowledge on how to cope with problems related to elderly diseases, such as gout, stroke. Therefore it is necessary to hold counseling for the Elderly to better understand about health problems in the elderly and be more active in participating in the Posyandu for the elderly so that "Healthy Elderly People in Old Age" is realized. This activity was done in May-June 2019 at the elderly in the homes of residents of RT 11 Kelurahan Kenali Asam Bawah, with the service method using a survey approach, lecture, discussion, demonstration / simulation. The results obtained by the Posyandu officers are active and able to identify the elderly and health problems of the elderly and recognize and understand frequent diseases such as gout and stroke

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO BRASIL: NECESSIDADE DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA TRATAMENTO DE IDOSOS COM ALZHEIMER

O envelhecimento populacional é uma questão mundial. Embora decorrente da queda do número de mortalidade e melhores condições de vida, está acompanhado de problemas específicos dessa parcela da população (como o aumento do número de portadores do Alzheimer) e que necessita de respostas pontuais dos governos. No Brasil não é diferente, tratando-se de um país em desenvolvimento o fenômeno da alteração demográfica provocada pelo crescimento do número de idosos, infelizmente não ocorreu posterior ao crescimento econômico, a consolidação de valores democráticos, nem tão pouco a construção de uma sociedade igualitária, como nos países desenvolvidos. Aqui essa alteração demográfica, ao contrário, evidenciou problemas já existentes e exigiu respostas que a princípio foram atendidas apenas por leis. Falta pesquisa, conhecimento e educação à própria sociedade para acolhimento aos idosos. Neste trabalho buscou-se através do método indutivo, investigar teorias sobre o envelhecimento, causas e consequências. Através da pesquisa bibliográfica e de dados estatísticos em secretarias e órgãos do governo, além de identificar direitos e programas atribuídos aos idosos e desenvolvidos pela articulação política entre ministérios. Conclui-se que as respostas afirmativas a questão são mínimas e insuficientes, pois além da alta demanda, este não é um fenômeno passageiro, mas que requer políticas públicas exclusivas sustentadas ao longo do tempo e articuladas pelos governos federal, estaduais e municipais.

Analysis of the Impact of Health Beliefs and Resource Factors on Preventive Behaviors against the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The global spread of COVID-19 requires not only national-level responses but also active compliance with individual-level prevention measures. Because COVID-19 is an infectious disease that spreads through human contact, it is impossible to end its spread without individuals’ active cooperation and preventive behavior. This study analyzes the effects of health beliefs and resource factors on behaviors to prevent COVID-19. In particular, it analyzes how resource factors moderate the impact of health beliefs on preventive behavior. A regression analysis showed that gender (female), age, number of elderly people in one’s family, perceived severity, perceived benefit, self-efficacy, poor family health, media exposure, knowledge, personal health status, and social support positively affected preventive actions, whereas perceived susceptibility negatively affected them. In explaining preventive actions, self-efficacy had the greatest explanatory power, followed by gender (female), knowledge, personal health status, perceived severity, and social support. In addition, an analysis of moderating effects shows that resource variables, such as education level, personal health status, and social support, play moderating roles in inducing preventive actions.

The health psychology approach to normal ageing

AbstractApproaching the process of normal ageing with a health psychology model was an important development in health science. In earlier healing models, questions of old age were either ignored or dealt with only in the context of various diseases. Definitions of the stages of human life have changed and pushed the limits of old age to a higher level. The expanding human life course raises important medical, psychological, and sociological issues. The definition of ageing and the characteristics of normal ageing need to be reconsidered. The cognitive representations of ageing people are a good reflection of how they think about themselves, the world, and the stage of life ahead. The contribution of health psychology as a modern approach to healthy ageing has greatly altered the attitudes of healthcare professionals. The concept of active old age helps to deal with the growing number of elderly people in a new context. In this brief overview of the health psychology approach to normal ageing, we aim to help healthcare professionals better manage the problems in their daily work. In a brief introduction, we review the physical and mental symptoms of ageing. We strive to isolate the normal variants from gerontopsychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders. While normal ageing does not require clinical attention, psychiatric disorders do, and we briefly describe the therapeutic forms. Psychoeducation, group therapy, and supportive techniques prove to be the most effective.

Privacy-Preserved Fall Detection Method with Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network Using Low-Resolution Infrared Array Sensor.

Due to the rapid aging of the population in recent years, the number of elderly people in hospitals and nursing homes is increasing, which results in a shortage of staff. Therefore, the situation of elderly citizens requires real-time attention, especially when dangerous situations such as falls occur. If staff cannot find and deal with them promptly, it might become a serious problem. For such a situation, many kinds of human motion detection systems have been in development, many of which are based on portable devices attached to a user’s body or external sensing devices such as cameras. However, portable devices can be inconvenient for users, while optical cameras are affected by lighting conditions and face privacy issues. In this study, a human motion detection system using a low-resolution infrared array sensor was developed to protect the safety and privacy of people who need to be cared for in hospitals and nursing homes. The proposed system can overcome the above limitations and have a wide range of application. The system can detect eight kinds of motions, of which falling is the most dangerous, by using a three-dimensional convolutional neural network. As a result of experiments of 16 participants and cross-validations of fall detection, the proposed method could achieve 98.8% and 94.9% of accuracy and F1-measure, respectively. They were 1% and 3.6% higher than those of a long short-term memory network, and show feasibility of real-time practical application.

Polimedicação em adultos e idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família

Introdução: Verifica-se, no contexto global, a modificação do perfil da morbimortalidade em decorrência das transições demográfica e epidemiológica, relacionadas ao aumento do número de idosos e de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis. Nesse cenário, a polimedicação tem se tornado frequente e, por conseguinte, seus danos são visualizados. O uso de múltiplos medicamentos amplia o risco de prescrições potencialmente inapropriadas, o que propicia interações farmacológicas, eventos adversos a medicamentos e hospitalizações. Soma-se a isso o ônus ao sistema de saúde e à assistência médica. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à polimedicação em adultos mais velhos e idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado em 2018 e 2019, com n=147 adultos (45-59 anos) e n=153 idosos (≥60 anos), cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no município de Três Lagoas/MS. Foram coletados dados de caracterização sociodemográfica, estilo de vida, rede de apoio social e informações sobre saúde. Questionou-se o número de fármacos de uso contínuo tomados por dia, sendo considerada polifarmácia a utilização de cinco ou mais medicamentos. Foi conduzida uma regressão logística binomial para identificar os fatores associados à polifarmácia. Resultados: A prevalência de polifarmácia foi 10,2% (IC95% = [6,3%-16,2%]) para os adultos e 17,0% (IC95% = [11,9%-23,7%]) para os idosos. Estiveram associados à polifarmácia para o grupo de adultos o aumento da idade (OR=1,32; IC95%=1,10-1,59) e não possuir companheiro (OR=6,52; IC95%=1,59-26,81). Já para o grupo de idosos, os fatores associados foram ter sofrido pelo menos uma queda no último ano (OR=3,33; IC95%=1,13-9,85), ser tabagista (OR=5,04; IC95%=1,30-19,62), avaliar a saúde como regular (OR=4,10; IC95%=1,16-14,54) ou ruim/muito ruim (OR=6,59; IC95%=1,31-33,08). O consumo de álcool foi inversamente associado à polifarmácia (OR=0,15; IC95%=0,02-0,98) nos idosos. Conclusões: Diante dos potenciais riscos oferecidos pela polimedicação, torna-se imprescindível a distinção dos grupos em condição de maior vulnerabilidade ao uso de múltiplos medicamentos e um acompanhamento mais cauteloso, a fim de assegurar maior segurança na prescrição de fármacos na atenção primária e o aprimoramento do cuidado.

Conceptual design of a machine learning-based wearable soft sensor for non-invasive cardiovascular risk assessment

The number of elderly people is increasing, and heart diseases are a major issue in a healthy aging of population. Indeed, the possibility of hospital care is limited and the avoidance of crowded hospitals recently became even more essential. Meanwhile, the possibility to exploit e-health technology for home care would be desirable. In this framework, the concept design of a soft sensor for measuring cardiovascular risk of a patient in real time is here reported. ECG, blood oxygenation, body temperature, and data acquired from patients’ interviews are processed to extract characterizing features. These are then classified to assess the cardiovascular risk. Experimental results show that patients’ classification accuracy can be as high as 80% when employing a random forest classifier, even with few data employed for training. Finally, method evaluation was extended by exploiting further data and by means of a noise robustness test.

Therapy of Brain Exercise on The Quality of Sleeping in Elderly

The aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided with age. Even though it is a natural thing, the process of aging still causes problems both physically, biologically, mentally and socio-economically due to a decline which is called a degenerative process The process of degeneration that occurs in the elderly, causes time. World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that there were 600 million elderly people in 2012 worldwide. WHO also noted that there are 142 million elderly people in the Southeast Asia region. Meanwhile, according to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), it was noted that the number of elderly people in Indonesia reached 28 million in 2012 from only 19 million in 2006. The results of the data recapitulation of the Central Java health office recorded 3 million elderly people in Central Java. The method in this study was experimental research and quasi-experimental design type with quasi-experimental design and village control group. Sample determination using the Total Sampling technique with a sample size of 30 respondents. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. The results obtained before being given an intervention that has a level of good sleep quality amounted to 43.3% and after given an intervention that has a level of quality of sleep that is good, the minimum is 76.7%. Statistically obtained a p-value of 0,000 (<0.05) can be interpreted that there is a significant influence on brain gymnastics on the quality of sleep in the elderly.

PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN LANSIA MELALUI POSYANDU LANSIA DENGAN PENGAKTIFAN KEGIATAN SENAM LANSIA DI DESA PAGERNGUMBUK KECAMATAN WONOAYU KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

The number of elderly people is increasing, therefore the government has formulated various health care policies aimed at improving the health status and quality of life of the elderly to achieve a happy and efficient old age in family and community life according to their existence. The purpose of this community service is to increase knowledge about the Elderly Posyandu and to be active in participating in elderly gymnastics.
 The methods used are lectures, discussions, role play and mentoring. The targets are the elderly in Pagerngumbuk Village, Wonoayu District, Sidoarjo Regency, the implementation of activities from April to June 2018. Data analysis uses frequency distribution.
 The results obtained, there were 34 participants with the mean pre-test and post-test scores of 87.94. The result is a significant increase in knowledge of 0.000 with a value of t = -16.85, and a 95% CI between -46.81 - -36.72, meaning that the effect is strong because it does not pass 1; giving treatment can increase 3-4x knowledge compared to not given. Meanwhile, for elderly exercise assistance, the number of participants averaged 27 people.
 The Posyandu Elderly counseling participants were enthusiastic about the material presented. There is an increase in the knowledge of the elderly about the role of the elderly Posyandu and the importance of elderly exercise. Health workers always provide information about the activities of the Elderly Posyandu to cadres, village officials and the community on an ongoing basis.

A study on health related risk factors and health seeking behavior among elderly population in rural Bangladesh

Globally, 10% of the world population is elderly people and it is expected to increase to 21% in the year 2051. In the year 2002, the number of elderly people in the world was estimated to be 605 million, which is expected to rise to more than 1.2 billion by the year 2025. This crosssectional study was conducted to and out the health-related quality of life and risk factors among elderly population in the selected rural population of Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira District. Data was collected from both the male and female population, aged 60 years and above, during February to June 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 50 respondents by face to face interview with semi-structured questionnaire. In the study, the mean age of elderly was male 63 (±2.95) years, and female 61.8 (±2.04) years. Other socio-demographic factors among elderly were as follows: 20 (40%) of elderly were illiterate, 15 (30%) of elderly were doing business, 21 (42%) were doing farming. 40 (80%) of elderly were married. The study also reported the five most common disease co-morbidities for elderly which included: 71.43% male and 28.57% female had hypertension while 72.22% of male and 27.78% of female patients were already treated, 68.75% male and 31.25% female had diabetes mellitus and 100% of them were treated, 50% of male elderly and 50% of female elderly were suffering bone and joint pain/arthritis and 60% of them were received treatment, hearing impairment found among 100% of male while two-third of patients received treatment, one-third of female and two-third of male elderly suffered from poor vision; however, only one-third of female patients were treated. On the basis of these findings, it can be recommended that there is a need to develop geriatric health-care services.
 Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 75-81

Elderly Informal Workers and Elderly Supporting Capacity Ratio in Indonesia

The proportion of the elderly population in Indonesia continues to increase. The implication of population aging is the low carrying capacity ratio which triggers the elderly to keep working. The need for leisure is increasing in the elderly, but almost half of the elderly in Indonesia still work. This study aims to look at the characteristics of the elderly who still work in the informal sector. This study also portrays the correlation between the carrying capacity ratio and social security ownership with the number of elderly workers by province. The secondary data used in this study is the 2018 national labor force survey data. The method used to answer this study is Pearson correlation analysis and binary logistic regression. The correlation analysis findings show that the higher the carrying capacity ratio of the elderly, the less elderly who work in a province. Social security in the elderly has a negative relationship with the number of elderly people who work. An interesting finding from the logit model is that the elderly with disabilities, both minor and moderate, are more inclined to work in the informal sector than the elderly who are not disabled. Low and secondary education in the elderly has a higher tendency to work in the informal sector than the elderly who have high education