Number Of Basophils Research Articles

PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE SETTING OF METABOLIK SYNDROME IN CORONARY HEAT DISEASE. QUALIFYING SCENTIFYING WORK ON THE RIGHTS OF THE MANUSCRIPT

PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE SETTING OF METABOLIK SYNDROME IN CORONARY HEAT DISEASE. QUALIFYING SCENTIFYING WORK ON THE RIGHTS OF THE MANUSCRIPT

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT TERONG UNGU (Solanum melongena L.) SEBAGAI ANTIMALARIA TERHADAP JUMLAH BASOFIL DARAH MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI Plasmodium berghei

Malaria is one of the disease which spreads through the bite of female Anopheles mosquito caused by Plasmodium parasite. Malaria can be treated with antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and artemisin, but in some malaria-endemic areas, parasitic resistance to chloroquine has been reported so that malaria eradication becomes increasingly difficult. The occurrence of such resistance causes the need for new antimalarial findings. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) has many secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids which have antiplasmodial activity. The aim of this research is to determine the effectivity of the ethanol extract of eggplant peels as an antimalarial to basophil in mice induced by Plasmodium berghei. Eggplant peel was extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol. The analysis of secondary metabolites from the ethanol extract of eggplant peels used tube test and thin layer chromatography. The level of parasitemia and the number of basophil were calculated from blood smear of mice (Mus musculus) which were treated with extracts at a dose of 0.075 mg/20 g of body weight; 0.15 mg/20 of body weight; and 0.3 mg/20 g of body weight. 3.744 mg/20 g of body weight DHP was used as positive control and aquades was used as negative control. Research result show that ethanol extract of the eggplant peels contains groups of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenolic and saponins. 0.075 mg/20 g body weight of ethanol extract of the eggplant peels effectively reduces parasitemia. Ethanol extract of the eggplant peels in all dose groups did not have an effect on basophils. The conclusion of this research is ethanol extract of the eggplant peels has antimalarial activity and does not increase the number of basophils.

Eosinophils at diagnosis are elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons. To date, no effective treatment or reliable biomarker for ALS has been developed. In recent years, many factors have been proposed as possible biomarkers of ALS; however, no consensus has been reached. Therefore, a reliable biomarker is urgently needed. Eosinophils may play a crucial role in healthy humans and diseases, and serve as a biomarker for many chronic diseases. Routine blood test results were collected from 66 healthy controls and 59 patients with ALS. The percentages and total numbers of each cell population were analyzed, and the correlation between these indicators and patient ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R) score or disease progression rate (ΔFS score) was analyzed. Compared to healthy controls, the number of blood leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils was significantly decreased in patients with ALS (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.049, and p < 0.0001, respectively). There was an increase in the number of eosinophils (p < 0.0001), but no difference in the number of lymphocytes between patients with ALS and healthy controls was found (p = 0.563). Compared to healthy controls, the percentage of neutrophils was decreased and the percentage of lymphocytes and eosinophils was increased in patients with ALS (p = 0.01, p = 0.012, and p = 0.001, respectively). There was no difference between patients with ALS and healthy controls in the percentage of monocytes and basophils (p = 0.622 and p = 0.09, respectively). However, only the percentage and number of eosinophils had a correlation with the ΔFS score. Further multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the disease duration, eosinophil count and percentage, and the disease progression rate (p < 0.0001, p = 0.048, and p = 0.023, respectively). The neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER), lymphocyte-to-eosinophil ratio (LER), and monocyte-to-eosinophil ratio (MER) were significantly lower in patients with ALS than in healthy controls. However, only the LER was significantly correlated with the ΔFS score. These observations implicate neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils as important factors, and increasing eosinophil counts were negatively correlated with the ΔFS score in patients with ALS.

IgE and anaphylaxis specific to the carbohydrate alpha-gal depend on IL-4

Alpha-gal (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) is a carbohydrate with the potential to elicit fatal allergic reactions to mammalian meat and drugs of mammalian origin. This type of allergy is induced by tick bites, and therapeutic options for this skin-driven food allergy are limited to the avoidance of the allergen and treatment of symptoms. Thus, a better understanding of the immune mechanisms resulting in sensitization through the skin is crucial, especially in the case of a carbohydrate allergen for which underlying immune responses are poorly understood. We aimed to establish a mouse model of alpha-gal allergy for in-depth immunologic analyses. Alpha-galactosyltransferase 1-deficient mice devoid of alpha-gal glycosylations were sensitized with the alpha-gal-carrying self-protein mouse serum albumin by repetitive intracutaneous injections in combination with the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide. The role of basophils and IL-4 in sensitization was investigated by antibody-mediated depletion. Alpha-gal-sensitized mice displayed increased levels of alpha-gal-specific IgE and IgG1 and developed systemic anaphylaxis on challenge with both alpha-gal-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids. In accordance with alpha-gal-allergic patients, we detected elevated numbers of basophils at the site of sensitization as well as increased numbers of alpha-gal-specific B cells, germinal center B cells, and B cells of IgE and IgG1 isotypes in skin-draining lymph nodes. By depleting IL-4 during sensitization, we demonstrated for the first time that sensitization and elicitation of allergy to alpha-gal and correspondingly to a carbohydrate allergen is dependent on IL-4. These findings establish IL-4 as a potential target to interfere with alpha-gal allergy elicited by tick bites.

Haematological reference intervals for pregnant Icelandic mares on pasture

BackgroundFew studies have been conducted on haematological reference intervals (RIs) in Icelandic horses. Reference intervals have been published for Icelandic horses in Austria and a preliminary study in Iceland compared haematological values in riding horses to published RIs for other breeds as well as Icelandic horses abroad. Haematological parameters can vary greatly due to factors such as breed, gender, age, reproductive status, and training, as well as feeding, prior exercise and management method. Icelandic broodmares are kept on pasture under supervision throughout the year, with haylage provided during the winter, and it is therefore of interest to establish haematological reference intervals for pregnant broodmares in Iceland. The purpose of this study was to establish haematological RIs specific to Icelandic broodmares in the first months of pregnancy, kept on pasture. Blood samples from 183 mares, stabilised in EDTA were analysed using IDEXX ProCyte Dx and total protein was analysed in serum samples from 157 of the 183 mares, using IDEXX Catalyst One analyser. The RIs were established using the guidelines of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.ResultsThe RIs for red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin were higher in pasture-kept Icelandic mares in early pregnancy, most of which were lactating, than in pregnant mares of other breeds. This was also true for white blood cell count, as well as numbers of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, which in some instances might illustrate problems in the automated categorisation of some leukocytes.ConclusionsAs no RIs have been published for other pasture-kept Icelandic horses, future investigations should include other groups of pasture-kept Icelandic horses. Such an analysis might elucidate the effect of breed, management, and pregnancy on haematological values in pasture-kept Icelandic horses.

Schistosome Infection in the Humanized Mouse Model of Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy due to a single amino acid substitution in the β-chain of hemoglobin (Hb), in which glutamic acid is substituted by valine. The individuals carrying the substitution on both β-chains (HbSS) develop the disease, characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, systemic inflammatory state, and development of acute painful vaso-occlusive crises. Globally distributed, the disease has its highest incidence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where its superimposes with the distribution of infections by parasitic worms, including schistosomes. However, there is scarcity of the literature on the possible interactions between parasitic worm infections and SCD. Schistosomes are parasitic worms responsible for the disease named schistosomiasis which affects over 240 million people in the world, of which over 90 % are found in SSA. The worms live within the blood vessels of infected individuals where females lay eggs which are strongly immunogenic, causing a systemic type 2 inflammation. The disease is characterized by anemia and the formation of granulomas in the liver and intestines (for Schistosoma mansoni &amp; S. japonicum), leading to hepatic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and hepatosplenomegaly. The overlapping of the clinical features of schistosomiasis and SCD highlights the existence of possible interactions between them in areas where they are both present. Leveraging the humanized mouse model of SCD, the aim of this study is to demonstrate how schistosome infection could affect the pathophysiology of SCD or vice versa. Methods Twenty-five - 28 weeks old male and female Townes (HbAA, HbAS, HbSS) were infected with S. mansoni . Complete blood count was performed before and 8 weeks after infection. Liver and small intestines (ileum) were chemically digested with 4% KOH and eggs counted in the suspension under a microscope. Fecal pellets were also collected and dispersed in 2x PBS and eggs were counted in the suspension as for liver and intestines. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 9.5.1 software by using paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. Genotypes were compared by one-way ANOVA or Kruskall-Wallis tests followed by two-stage linear step-up procedure of Benjamini-Krieger-Yekutieli for the control of false discovery rate. Results Compared to HbAA and HbAS, which did not differ between them, naïve HbSS mice had bigger livers and spleens. This pattern remained even after infection, with infected HbSS having bigger livers and spleens than infected HbAA and HbAS. After the infection, the spleen size increased only in HbAA and HbAS but not in HbSS while liver size increased in all 3 genotypes. Schistosome infection caused a significant increase in the numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. However, lymphocytes number significantly decreased in HbSS only. Red blood cells (RBCs) number decreased in HbAA and HbAS but not in HbSS. Accordingly, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased in HbAA and HbAS, but not in HbSS. The Hb rate was not affected by the infection while the hematocrit slightly decreased only in HbAS. However, while the platelets number decreased only in HbSS, the mean platelet volume (MPV) increased in all 3 genotypes. HbSS mice had fewer total S. mansoni egg number than HbAA and HbAS. This trend was corroborated by the number of eggs in intestinal tissues in which HbSS had fewer eggs than HbAA and HbAS. Although the number of eggs in the liver did not differ significantly between them, HbSS tended to have fewer liver eggs than HbAA and HbAS. All 3 mouse groups excreted similar number of eggs in the feces. Conclusions All 3 genotypes of Townes mice supported the development of S. mansoni worms as illustrated by the presence of eggs in their liver, intestines, and feces, making this model a good model for the study of parasitic worm infections in SCD. Schistosome infection has affected less the RBC components in HbSS as shown by no changes in RBC, Hb, MCV, and MCH values, and by no change in the spleen size. Further investigations are underway.

HPV and Systemic Response in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Objectives: to verify whether there is an association of low and high-risk HPV with blood count parameters in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 48 patients with Pap smear showing low or high-grade intraepithelial lesion, submitted to collection of material to perform PCR for high-risk and low-risk HPV. The following blood count parameters were evaluated: hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, absolute number of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and platelets, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to obtain the area under the curve (AUC) relating the positivity or not of HPV with the blood count parameters evaluated. Mann-Whitney test and multivariate analysis were performed, with level of significance less than 0.05. Results: Relating the positivity or not of HPV with the blood count parameters (Roc curves), there was statistical significance only between high-risk HPV and the platelet count (sensitivity=75%, specificity=66.7%, AUC=0.674, p=0.039). Platelet count ≤ 177,000/mm3 is associated with high-risk HPV. Subsequently, the multivariate analysis was performed, and the absolute value of platelets was considered an independent variable in this association with high-risk oncogenic HPV. Conclusion: A systemic response is found with the presence of high-risk HPV in CIN. Thus, platelet count ≤ 177,000/mm3 is associated with high-risk HPV.

Effect of platelet automesoconcentrate on the immunological status of experimental animals after liver resection

Objective. To study the indices of cellular and humoral immunity in the blood of rats after liver resection and under conditions of administration of platelet automeso–concentrate.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study was performed on albino Wistar rats weighing 140 – 245 g. Resection of 2/3 of the liver was performed using the method of aseptic removal of its left and central lobes. During the resection, platelet autologous concentrate at a dose of 1 ml/kg was injected into the liver residue. To characterise the cellular and humoral components of immunity, the levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, the number of total T– and B–lymphocytes, the level of circulating immune complexes, and the content of immunoglobulins of classes G and M were determined.&#x0D; Results. In the initial stages after liver resection, a marked leukocytosis was observed, accompanied by an increase in the relative number of basophils, eosinophils, rods and monocytes and a decrease in the level of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes. The level of lymphocytes decreased at the expense of the T–cell population. Against the background of an increase in the number of B–lymphocytes, there was an increase in the levels of immunoglobulins M, G and circulating immune complexes. The injection of platelet autologous concentrate into the liver residue during resection of this organ stimulated the cellular and humoral immunity, as the studied parameters were higher than those of animals that did not receive platelet autologous concentrate. On the 7th day after partial hepatectomy, the studied parameters approached the control values.&#x0D; Conclusions. Components of cellular and humoral immunity can directly or indirectly affect the processes of liver regeneration after liver resection. B–cells after liver resection as antigen–presenting cells can trigger and modulate the immune response, which is enhanced by the introduction of platelet autologous concentrate into the body.

The effect of the zinc preparation "Asparzink" on the morphological parameters of pheasant blood

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of the drug "Asparzink" on the morphological parameters of pheasant blood. For the prevention of zinc deficiency conditions, various additives have been often used recently. One of them is "Asparzink", which includes zinc asparginate. However, its effect on blood morphological parameters has not been fully established. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the zinc preparation "Asparzink" on the morphological parameters of pheasant blood. The studies were carried out on pheasants of the North Caucasian breed. Pheasants were kept in the conditions of the GBU of JSC "Directorate of Southern PLO and GOH "Astrakhan". Hematological parameters were determined on Mindray BC-2800 Vet (China). It was found out that the studied compound has a pronounced positive effect on the morphological parameters of peripheral blood, which is expressed by an increase in the number of red blood cells by 18.7 and 19.3%, hemoglobin levels by 10.7 and 14.6%, average volume of red blood cells by 12.0 and 13.8%, hematocrit levels by 13.9 and 19.4% when administered at a dose of 1 and 2 mg/kg, respectively. An increase in the number of monocytes and basophils was determined. The most effective dose is 2 mg/kg of body weight.

INFLUENCE OF COUMARIN ON PRODUCTIVITY, IMMUNITY AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF HEALTHY BROILERS

Background. Coumarins are natural compounds (secondary metabolites of plant origin) that have a wide range of biological activity, mainly due to their ability to interact with various enzymes and receptors in living organisms. The relevance of their use in feeding poultry is obvious, in view of the active search for alternatives to feed antibiotics.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of coumarin on the productivity and antioxidant status of broiler chickens.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Objects of study: broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross, 7-hydroxycoumarin. The experiment was carried out on 180 heads of 7-day-old broiler chickens (n=45). Control - the main diet (OR), 1 experimental – OR + coumarin (at a dose of 1 mg/kg of feed/day, 2 experimental – OR + coumarin at a dose of 2 mg/kg of feed / day, 3 experimental – OR + coumarin in at a dose of 3 mg/kg feed/day. Hematological parameters (number and type of leukocytes) were taken into account on an automatic hematological analyzer URIT-2900 Vet Plus (URIT Medical Electronic Group Co., Ltd, China). Biochemical analysis of blood serum was performed on an automatic biochemical analyzer CS-T240 (Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd, China).&#x0D; Results. The inclusion of 7-hydroxycoumarin in the diet contributed to an increase in live weight in the experimental groups by 8,6–19,4%; (by 9,2–21,1%), slaughter yield (up to 4,76%), against the background of a decrease in feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain (by 3,5–15,7%). showed a decrease in total protein, albumin, ALT (groups 1 and 2 (p≤0,05)), bilirubin (by 38,3–68,6%), cholesterol (in group 3 by 16,4% (p≤0,05)), triglycerides (groups 1 and 2, p≤0,05), urea (41,8–65,1%; p≤0,05), against the background of elevated iron levels (groups 1 and 2, p≤0,05). Depending on the dose of 7-hydroxycoumarin, a decrease in the number of leukocytes (group 1, p≤0,05), neutrophils (groups 1 and 2, p≤0,05), monocytes, eosinophils and basophils (p≤ 0,05). Antioxidant indicators were characterized by a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde (by 63,7–77,3%), superoxide dismutase activity (22,4–71,5%) and an increase in catalase activity (by 24,3–46,1%).&#x0D; Conclusion. Thus, the inclusion of 7-hydroxycoumarin (2 mg/kg feed/day) in the diet contributed to an increase in the live weight of broiler chickens, feed intake, slaughter yield, against the background of a lower feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain; had a positive effect on the parameters of the liver (ALT, total bilirubin), lipid and nitrogen metabolism (triglycerides, urea), the antioxidant status of the body of broiler chickens.

Cytochemical staining of leukocytes and platelets in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris): identification of a bilobed monocyte similar to other members of the Paenungulata.

Manatees (Antillean-, Amazonian, and African-) and dugongs belong to the Order Sirenia, and when combined with elephants and rock hyraxes, form the Paenungulata. A bilobed mononuclear cell has previously been identified in elephants and rock hyraxes, but not in manatees and dugongs, with cytochemical staining identifying these cells as bilobed monocytes in elephants. The objective of this study was to characterize leukocytes (white blood cells, WBC) and platelets in blood films of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris; n = 8) using one routine hematological (Wright-Giemsa) and eight cytochemical stains: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANBE), chloroacetate esterase (CAE), Luna, myeloperoxidase (MPx), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Sudan black B (SBB), and toluidine blue (TB). Heterophils and lymphocytes comprised most of the WBC, with low numbers of eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes. Additionally, 1-3% of the WBC were bilobed mononuclear cells. Bilobed mononuclear cell proportions were similar to rock hyraxes, but lower than elephants (approximate range 20-60%). Heterophils and eosinophils were positive for MPx, ALP, SBB, and PAS, with heterophils also being positive for CAE. Most of the lymphocytes were positive for ANBE and they were variably positive for CAE. Monocytes and bilobed mononuclear cells had similar cytochemical staining reactions (variably positive for all stains, except Luna and TB), supporting a monocytic origin, like elephants. Platelets were ANBE- and PAS-positive. Luna stain was useful for identifying eosinophils and TB was uninformative. This study provides new information on the morphological features and cytochemical staining characteristics of WBC and platelets and will aid in obtaining accurate hematological data of Florida manatees.

Comparative study of the effect of different antimicrobial groups on chick blood leukogram

Diseases of bacterial etiology are a serious problem hindering the development of the poultry industry, causing serious economic damage to it.Herein we present the results of studies of the effect that drugs of different antimicrobial groups (ditrim and furazolidone) have on leukogram of Hisex Brown chicks. We studied blood values in 3 groups, group I received pure drinking water, group II received ditrim via drinking water at a concentration of 200 mg/L 10 consecutive days, whereas group III received furazolidone in the same manner. Blood samples were collected at Day 1, Day 3, Day 5, Day 7 and Day 9 after the drug withdrawal. We performed leukocyte count in chick blood in each group, then in blood smears we calculated the number of eosinophils, basophils, pseudoeosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. We also calculated percentages of separate white blood cell types in order to perform the white blood cell differential. We discovered that administration of furazolidone via drinking water causes a long-term decrease in leukocyte number while such decrease was not observed following administration of ditrim. Leukopenia was observed in chicks of group III at Day 1, Day 5 and Day 7, their values differing from the control values by 26%, 12% and 25% respectively. Besides the administration of furazolidone via drinking water caused changes in leukogram, manifesting in prolonged dynamics of pseudoeosinophil number and lymphocyte number, and also in transitory change in eosinophil number. We did not observe such effect on blood values following the administration of ditrim to the chicks of Group II, except for transitory eosinopenia at Day 9 of our experiment

Determination of optimum intensity and duration of exercise based on the immune system response using a machine-learning model

One of the important concerns in the field of exercise immunology is determining the appropriate intensity and duration of exercise to prevent suppression of the immune system. Adopting a reliable approach to predict the number of white blood cells (WBCs) during exercise can help to identify the appropriate intensity and duration. Therefore, this study was designed to predict leukocyte levels during exercise with the application of a machine-learning model. We used a random forest (RF) model to predict the number of lymphocytes (LYMPH), neutrophils (NEU), monocytes (MON), eosinophils, basophils, and WBC. Intensity and duration of exercise, WBCs values before exercise training, body mass index (BMI), and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) were used as inputs and WBCs values after exercise training were assessed as outputs of the RF model. In this study, the data was collected from 200 eligible people and K-fold cross-validation was used to train and test the model. Finally, model efficiency was assessed using standard statistics (root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), relative absolute error (RAE), root relative square error (RRSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE)). Our findings revealed that the RF model performed well for predicting the number of WBC with RMSE = 0.94, MAE = 0.76, RAE = 48.54, RRSE = 48.17, NSE = 0.76, and R2 = 0.77. Furthermore, the results showed that intensity and duration of exercise are more effective parameters than BMI and VO2 max to predict the number of LYMPH, NEU, MON, and WBC during exercise. Totally, this study developed a novel approach based on the RF model using the relevant and accessible variables to predict WBCs during exercise. The proposed method can be applied as a promising and cost-effective tool for determining the correct intensity and duration of exercise in healthy people according to the body’s immune system response.

Foxp3 exon 2 regulates keratinocyte-specific IgE and basophil extracellular traps in cutaneous autoimmune photosensitivity.

Abstract Ultraviolet B (UVB) light is a common environmental trigger that can induce flares in several autoimmune diseases, but the mechanisms that mediate UVB-induced photosensitivity remain poorly understood. We used mice which express an autoimmune-driving isoform of Foxp3, called FoxP3 ΔE2mice, to develop a model autoimmune cutaneous photosensitivity. In the steady-state, FoxP3 ΔE2mice have high serum titers of IgE that target skin-associated autoantigens, and increased numbers of IL4-producing T follicular helper cells that target skin-associated proteins (Keratin 14) in the absence of overt immune challenge. After skin exposure to UVB light, FoxP3 ΔE2mice had further elevated IgE, worsened skin inflammation, and increased IgE complex deposition that localized to the challenge site. IgE production in UVB-challenged mice correlated with increased frequencies of germinal center (GC) B cells, elevated percentages of IL-4 +T follicular helper cells, and numbers of basophils with high surface expression of IgE in the draining lymph nodes of UVB-challenged skin. We also observed a significant increase in IgE accumulation, increased numbers of Tug8 +basophil extracellular traps in UVB-challenged skin and increased frequencies of activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (CD80 +CD86 +) in the skin and skin-draining lymph nodes of FoxP3 ΔE2mice when compared to wild-type littermates. Collectively, we found that T follicular regulatory cells in FoxP3 ΔE2mice fail to maintain self-tolerance in the GC, resulting in increased production of skin reactive IgE and worsened skin inflammation driven by basophil extracellular trap accumulation in UVB-damaged skin. Supported by grants from the NIH (F32 AI154787, R01 AI136475, R21 AI169418, and R21 AI152444)

Correlation between facial vascularized composite allotransplantation rejection and laboratory markers: Insights from a retrospective study of eight patients

The field of facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (fVCA) is still new and a limited number of patients have undergone the procedure. This has led to a lack of understanding about the impact of fVCA rejection on standard laboratory markers (e.g., CBC, BMP, CRP) for the acute management of these patients. It is not clear if rejection elicits a systemic inflammatory response that influences common inflammatory markers such as WBC and CRP. A comprehensive understanding of changes in these markers could help in the management of fVCA patients in the acute setting. The medical records of 8 fVCA patients with a total of 9 transplants were reviewed retrospectively, and data on standard laboratory values (CBC, BMP, LFTs, CRP) and vital signs were extracted. To examine the relationship between laboratory values and rejection status, linear mixed models were used to analyze the data, taking into account their longitudinal nature (repeated measures). A statistically significant relationship was found between the Banff grade of rejection and the relative number of basophils in the patient's blood during rejection (p=0.005). In addition, in patients with clinical signs of rejection (e.g., facial erythema, edema) and skin biopsy showing Banff ≥II, CRP was found to be significantly elevated (p=0.03). The WBC count remained stable during rejection, and the relative number of neutrophils was lower at the time of rejection, indicating possible consumption at the site of rejection. During fVCA rejection, most standard laboratory parameters and vital signs appear to be stable. However, the levels of CRP and basophils were elevated during rejection, while the neutrophil count was lower. Leukocytosis can likely be used as a marker of microbial infection in fVCA patients, as WBC does not seem to increase at the time of allograft rejection.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Natural Infection by Trypanosoma evansi in Campeiro Horses

Campeiro horse is a breed locally adapted to the Santa Catarina plateau region and its main characteristic is the gait, it is known as “Marchador das Araucárias.” It is a breed considered in danger of extinction, being fundamental the search for the preservation of this important genetic resource. Surra, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma evansi, is among the diseases that affect horses. However, there are no data on the prevalence of infection in Campeiro horses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. evansi in Campeiro horses, correlate hematology and serum biochemistry, and identify possible risk factors. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture of 214 Campeiro horses, 50 males and 164 females, aged between 3 months and 27 years, from 16 properties located in the States of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná. An epidemiological questionnaire was carried out with the owners to analyze the associated risk factors. The blood samples were submitted to polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence antibody test, complete blood count, and serum biochemistry. The prevalence was 14% of positive animals by polymerase chain reaction and 59% by immunofluorescence antibody test . There was an increase in hematocrit, and in the number of basophils, a decrease in plasmatic fibrinogen, and in the enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea, and an increase in creatine phosphokinase and creatinine in positive animals, which is possibly unrelated to the infection. The data obtained through the epidemiological questionnaires showed no difference. Therefore, T. evansi is present in the South of Brazil, with a high prevalence in Campeiro horses.

Assessment of the variability of the hematological and biochemical parameters in giardiasis patients

Giardiasis is one of the essential parasitic intestinal diseases, widespread in many countries. Therefore, it has occupied a necessary place among public health priorities. Children are the most vulnerable and affected by this disease. The current study evaluated the physiological and biochemical hematological changes of affected children under 12 in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, middle of Iraq. Hemoglobin levels and the volume of compacted blood cells decreased in patients (10.4g/dL and 33.7%, respectively). In contrast, the number of white blood cells increased to (7700 cells/mm3), indicating substantial differences between the hematological parameters and the control group's results. Regarding the number of cells, the investigation revealed a reduction of (64.1%) in the total number of cells. In contrast to the control data, the results showed a rise in the number of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, with respective percentages of (%28.4), (%0.6), and (%0.4). Monocytes were unaffected. The findings of the biochemical parameters demonstrated that the concentrations of liver enzymes varied significantly, with the attention of GPT and GOT increasing to(18.7) and (19.9)international units/liter. Additionally, lipid level variations, including lower cholesterol and triglycerides, were discovered. Compared to the control groups, it reached (163.8) and (122.5) mg/DL. Keywords: Giardiasis, blood parameters, GOT, Giardia lamblia.

HEMOGRAM INDICATORS ASSESSMENT FOR EARLY PREDICTING THE MIXED INFECTION OF THE ERYTHEMA MIGRANS FORM OF LYME BORRELIOSIS AND TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS

Background. It is difficult to confirm the diagnosis of the mixed infection of the erythema migrans form of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis at the onset of the disease because of delayed seroconversion.&#x0D; Purpose. Assessment of hemogram predictors to develop a model for early diagnosis of the mixed infection of the erythema form of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study involved 21 patients with the mixed infection of the erythema form of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (Group 1) and 25 patients with the erythema form of borreliosis monoinfection (Group 2), who were hospitalized no later than the 7th day of the disease. The hemogram parameters, the leukocyte intoxication index and the body resistance index were analyzed. ROC analysis was used. The logistic regression model was developed using STATISTICA 12.0 modules.&#x0D; Results. The Group 1 patients compared with Group 2 demonstrated significant increases in the levels of the leukocyte intoxication index, and neutrophils, but decreases in the levels of the body resistance index, eosinophils, basophils and platelets. The leukocyte intoxication index was a “very good” predictor of the mixed infection, and the body resistance index, the number of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and platelets in peripheral blood had a “good” predictive values. The model included the body resistance index, the number of eosinophils and basophils.&#x0D; Conclusion. The developed model had a “very good” predictive value for the mixed infection early diagnosis of the erythema migrans form of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis.

Leukocyte blood formula and the incidence of calves against the background of the use of Tanamine Zn

The new living conditions that animals get into in the early neonatal period are associated with diseases caused by maintenance and feeding, as well as untimely veterinary treatments for both mothers and newborns. Therefore, it is extremely important to introduce ingredients into their diet that contribute to successful adaptation. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the feed additive «Tanamin Zn» on the leukocyte formula of blood and the manifestation of diarrhea syndrome in calves. During the experiment, the experimental animals-analogues were divided into groups. The experiment was carried out on calves of the black-and-white breed (Bessonovsky type) in the conditions of the collective farm-stud farm named after V.Ya. Gorin, Belgorod region. Groups (12 heads in each) were formed taking into account origin, sex, live weight (LW) and age. The I-K – control group included calves who received the main diet (MD), and the II group included calves who received, in addition to MD, tanamine Zn at a dose of 0,05 g / kg of live weight / day during the entire dairy period (60 days). It was found that the total number of leukocytes during feeding (1;30;60 days) of the supplement and during the aftereffect (90 days) was within the physiological norm with different directions of changes in the number of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. In addition, we have shown a decrease in the manifestations of diarrhea syndrome in calves of the experimental group in the first decade of life compared with the control by 25,0%, and its duration by 35,7%. The obtained research results were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 computer program using Student's criterion. The results were considered significant from p≤0.05.

Rapid disease progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors in young patients with stage IV melanoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the standard of care for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (mCM) patients, but their efficacy in young adults aged less than 40 years remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 303 stage IV melanoma patients of different ages treated with nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or ipilimumab plus nivolumab combination therapy. Clinical data and blood values such as LDH, CRP, and absolute immune cell counts were retrieved from the medical records. Pre-treatment serum concentrations of soluble immune checkpoint proteins were measured using ELISA. In addition, information on frequencies of various T cell subsets in the peripheral blood was collected from a previously reported study (ELEKTRA). Patient characteristics and clinical information was correlated with PFS and OS using univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. Of 303 patients, 33 (11%) were ≤ 40 years old. The older patients had a median age of 64 (95% CI: 61-66). Concerning prognostic parameters, there was no difference between the age groups, e.g., in gender, LDH, or the existence of brain or liver metastases. Patients aged ≤ 40 years [p = 0.014; HR: 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.4)], presence of liver metastases [p = 0.016; HR: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0-1.9)], line of ICI treatment [p = 0.009; HR: 1.4 (1.0-1.9)], elevated LDH [p = 0.076; HR: 1.3 (95% CI: 0.97-1.8)], and brain metastasis [p = 0.080; HR: 1.3 (95% CI: 0.97-1.7)], were associated with shorter PFS in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the patient's age (≤ 40 years) remains a high-risk factor upon adjusting for all potential confounders [p = 0.067; HR: 1.5 (95% CI: 0.97-2.3)]. Blood parameters revealed that patients ≤ 40 years have relatively higher frequencies of activated CD4 T cells (CD4 + Ki67 + CD4 + ICOS +) in the blood, and significantly lower number of basophils and CD45RA- memory T cells, compared to patients above 40 years (p < 0.05). In addition, patients ≤ 40 years experiencing disease progression within 6 months of ICI treatment had increased concentrations of sPDL1 (p = 0.05) and sTIM3 (p = 0.054) at baseline. Young patients with stage IV melanoma may experience shorter progression-free survival upon ICI treatment compared to patients above 40 years and are characterized by fewer basophils and memory T cells in the blood.