Nuclear Transformation Research Articles

Early nuclear phenotypes and reactive transformation in human iPSC-derived astrocytes from ALS patients with SOD1 mutations.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons (MNs). Glial cells play roles in MN degeneration in ALS. More specifically, astrocytes with mutations in the ALS-associated gene Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) promote MN death. The mechanisms by which SOD1-mutated astrocytes reduce MN survival are incompletely understood. To characterize the impact of SOD1 mutations on astrocyte physiology, we generated astrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived from ALS patients carrying SOD1 mutations, together with control isogenic iPSCs. We report that astrocytes harboring SOD1(A4V) and SOD1(D90A) mutations exhibit molecular and morphological changes indicative of reactive astrogliosis when compared to isogenic astrocytes. We show further that a number of nuclear phenotypes precede, or coincide with, reactive transformation. These include increased nuclear oxidative stress and DNA damage, and accumulation of the SOD1 protein in the nucleus. These findings reveal early cell-autonomous phenotypes in SOD1-mutated astrocytes that may contribute to the acquisition of a reactive phenotype involved in alterations of astrocyte-MN communication in ALS.

Features of the eGFP Gene Expression in Transplastomic Tobacco Plants

Transplastomic tobacco plants expressing a reporter gene egfp and selectable marker gene aadA as part of a bicistronic operon were obtained using the bioballistics method. Features of egfp gene expression were studied in two groups of transplastomic plants: seed progeny obtained from self-pollination and plants obtained as a result of two successive regeneration cycles from the leaves of the original transformants. A comparative fluorimetric analysis of the recombinant protein accumulation in groups of transplastomic plants and nuclear transformants was carried out. It was found that the amount of recombinant eGFP protein accumulated in the leaves of transplastomic plants was unexpectedly low and did not exceed the level established for nuclear transformants. Real-time PCR results showed that the low level of recombinant eGFP accumulation was not associated with low levels of transgene expression or the presence of nontransgenic copies of the plastid genome in chloroplasts. This is most likely due to limitations imposed at the level of translation of recombinant proteins in chloroplasts.

North Korea's Nuclear Risk Management and Transformation of the ‘International Security Regime’ : Focusing on Korea-U.S.-Japan ‘Linked Politics’ and Policy Coordination Mechanisms

North Korea's Nuclear Risk Management and Transformation of the ‘International Security Regime’ : Focusing on Korea-U.S.-Japan ‘Linked Politics’ and Policy Coordination Mechanisms

Shedding Light on Viral Shedding: Novel Insights into Nuclear Assembly, Cytoplasmic Transformation and Extracellular Vesicle Release of the BK Virus.

Despite the high prevalence of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and the associated risk for BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) in kidney transplant (KTX) recipients, many details on viral processes such as replication, maturation, assembly and virion release from host cells have not been fully elucidated. VP1 is a polyomavirus-specific protein that is expressed in the late phase of its replicative cycle with important functions in virion assembly and infectious particle release. This study investigated the localization and time-dependent changes in the distribution of VP1-positive viral particles and their association within the spectrum of differing cell morphologies that are observed in the urine of KTX patients upon active BKPyV infection. We found highly differing recognition patterns of two anti-VP1 antibodies with respect to intracellular and extracellular VP1 localization, pointing towards independent binding sites that were seemingly associated with differing stages of virion maturation. Cells originating from single clones were stably cultured out of the urine sediment of KTX recipients with suspected BKPyVAN. The cell morphology, polyploidy, virus replication and protein production were investigated by confocal microscopy using both a monoclonal (mAb 4942) and a polyclonal rabbit anti-VP1-specific antibody (RantiVP1 Ab). Immunoblotting was performed to investigate changes in the VP1 protein. Both antibodies visualized VP1 and the mAb 4942 recognized VP1 in cytoplasmic vesicles exhibiting idiomorphic sizes when released from the cells. In contrast, the polyclonal antibody detected VP1 within the nucleus and in cytoplasm in colocalization with the endoplasmic reticulum marker CNX. At the nuclear rim, VP1 was recognized by both antibodies. Immunoblotting revealed two smaller versions of VP1 in urinary decoy cell extracts, potentially from different translation start sites as evaluated by in silico analysis. Oxford Nanopore sequencing showed integration of BKPyV DNA in chromosomes 3, 4 and 7 in one of the five tested primary cell lines which produced high viral copies throughout four passages before transcending into senescence. The different staining with two VP1-specific antibodies emphasizes the modification of VP1 during the process of virus maturation and cellular exit. The integration of BKPyV into the human genome leads to high virus production; however, this alone does not transform the cell line into a permanently cycling and indefinitely replicating one.

Card fault diagnosis of the pressurized water reactor off-heap nuclear measurement system based on expert experience and convolutional neural network

The reactor nuclear measurement system is important in a nuclear power plant. Its main role is to measure the reactor's core power distribution using detectors and calibrate and provide data on the core fuel consumption. This study describes the lack of fault data and the lack of diagnostic methodology research in the overhauling process and fault diagnosis of the off-heap nuclear measurement system core card. This core card provides the detectors with the necessary working conditions. It also collects signals. In this study, we propose a methodology for the fault diagnosis of the card through circuit analysis, simulation of functional module division, fault data generation, and training of a convolutional neural network diagnostic model. The proposed methodology can transform the drawings into convenient diagnostic processes and algorithms based on expert experience. These drawings are difficult to use in actual overhauling conditions. The corresponding experimental equipment was designed for practical testing. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the obtained diagnostic model for classifying preset faults can reach 99.5%, indicating that this model can be applied in actual working conditions. The accuracy of the trained diagnostic model in classifying 13 kinds of faults in the training set during the actual test was tested. Results show that the accuracy rate is close to 100%. Moreover, the correction of the model using the real maintenance data in applying the actual maintenance conditions was also analyzed. The intelligent diagnostic system that centers on the fault diagnosis method investigated in this study has been applied in the pressurized water reactor off-heap nuclear measurement system digital transformation and upgrading project of Qinshan No. 2 Plant.

Incidence and pathological effects during encysted progenetic Euclinostomum heterostomum metacercariae infection in the freshwater fish spotted snakehead (Channa punctatus)

Aim: To assess the incidence and pathological effects during encysted progenetic Euclinostomum heterostomum metacercariae infestation in the freshwater fish spotted snakehead (Channa punctatus). Methodology: Samples of Channa punctatus were collected from Tilaiya Reservoir, Koderma, Jharkhand, India, during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. The encysted metacercariae trematodes were isolated from Channa punctatus. Characterization was performed based on the morphology and sequencing analysis of a partial 18S rRNA gene. Further, the kidney and liver samples from infected fish were subjected to histopathological studies. Prevalence, abundance, and Intensity of infection were further determined. Results: Morphological identification suggests that the encysted metacercariae belonged to Digenean trematodes of genera Euclinostomum, and amplification of partial sequence of 18S rRNA, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the isolated metacercariae were Euclinostomum heterostomum. The histopathological study of the kidney showed hepatocyte degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and nuclear transformations. Liver fibrosis was observed in Channa punctatus. The prevalence during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon season ranged from 66.1% to 81.1%, abundance from 0.74 to 0.92, and intensity ranged from 1 to 1.14 using the Margolis formula. Interpretation: The study highlights the infestation of Euclinostomum heterostomum in Channa punctatus during the pre- monsoon climate appears favorable for the abundance of parasites. Hence, a proper inspection before consumption is necessary. Key words: Euclinostomum heterostomum, Infestation, Metacercariae, Parasites, Progenetic infection

Development of a chloroplast expression system for Dunaliella salina

Dunaliella salina is an innovative expression system due to its distinct advantages such as high salt tolerance, low susceptibility to contamination, and the absence of the cell wall. While nuclear transformation has been extensively studied, research on D. salina chloroplast transformation remains in the preliminary stages. In this study, we established an efficient chloroplast expression system for D. salina using Golden Gate assembly. We developed a D. salina toolkit comprising essential components such as chloroplast-specific promoters, terminators, homologous fragments, and various vectors. We confirmed its functionality by expressing the EGFP protein. Moreover, we detailed the methodology of the entire construction process. This expression system enables the specific targeting of foreign genes through simple homologous recombination, resulting in stable expression in chloroplasts. The toolkit achieved a relatively high transformation efficiency within a shorter experimental cycle. Consequently, the construction and utilization of this toolkit have the potential to enhance the efficiency of transgenic engineering in D. salina and advance the development of microalgal biofactories.

Evaluation of 180mTa formation cross-sections in photoneutron reactions

Determining the relative production cross-sections of the short-lived (ground) and long- lived (metastable) states of 180Ta is integral in nuclear physics research. However, direct measurement of these cross-sections is challenging. In this study, we proposed a method for estimating the total flux-weighted average formation cross-section of 180m+gTa based on GEANT4 modeling to evaluate the short-lived (ground) and long-lived (metastable) states of 180Ta. A Ta target was irradiated by a bremsstrahlung photon beam (maximum electron energy: 20 MeV) obtained from the linear electron accelerator LUE-75 at the A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (AANL), Armenia. The experiment was performed using the activation technique, and the proposed GEANT4 simulation-based method was employed to evaluate the flux-weighted average formation cross-section of 180mTa. In addition, the isomeric cross-section ratio for the 180m,gTa isomeric pair was calculated. The theoretical results obtained using the TALYS 1.96 and EMPIRE 3.2 codes were consistent with the experimental ones. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper reports the estimated flux-weighted average formation cross-section of 180mTa and isomer ratio for the 180m,gTa isomeric pair, induced by the irradiation of a bremsstrahlung beam with an end-point energy of 20 MeV, for the first time. This study opens new avenues for determining the relative production cross-sections of the ground and metastable states of 180Ta, which is widely studied as a natural isomeric target in various fields, including nuclear transformation reactions, fission dynamics, etc.

Engineering Camelina sativa Seeds as a Green Bioreactor for the Production of Affordable Human Pro-insulin that Demonstrates Anti-diabetic Efficacy in Rats.

The current production of recombinant insulin via fermenter-based platforms (Escherichia coli and yeast) could not fulfill its fast-growing commercial demands, thus leading to a great interest in its sustainable large-scale production at low cost using a plant-based system. In the present study, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated nuclear stable genetic transformation of an industrial oilseed crop, Camelina sativa, to express pro-insulin (with three furin endoprotease cleavage sites) fused with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) in their seeds was successfully achieved for the first time. The bar gene was used as a selectable marker for selecting transformants and producing herbicide-resistant camelina plants. The transformation process involved the infiltration of camelina inflorescences (at flower buds with partially opened flowers) with A. tumefaciens and harvesting the seeds (T0) at maturity. The T0 seeds were raised into the putative T1 plants sprayed with Basta herbicide (0.03%, v/v), and the survived green transformed plants tested positive for pro-insulin and bar genes. A transformation frequency of 6.96% was obtained. The integration and copy number of the pro-insulin transgene and its expression at RNA and protein levels were confirmed in T1 plants using Southern hybridization, semi-quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (sqPCR), and quantitative real-time Time PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) quantified the amount of expressed pro-insulin protein, and its anti-diabetic efficacy was validated in diabetic rats on oral feeding. Transgenic plants integrated the pro-insulin gene into their genomes and produced a maximum of 197µg/100mg of pro-insulin (0.804% of TSP) that had anti-diabetic efficacy in rats.

TALE-based organellar genome editing and gene expression in plants.

TALE-based editors provide an alternative way to engineer the organellar genomes in plants. We update and discuss the most recent developments of TALE-based organellar genome editing in plants. Gene editing tools have been widely used to modify the nuclear genomes of plants for various basic research and biotechnological applications. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 editing platform is the most commonly used technique because of its ease of use, fast speed, and low cost; however, it encounters difficulty when being delivered to plant organelles for gene editing. In contrast, protein-based editing technologies, such as transcription activator-like effector (TALE)-based tools, could be easily delivered, expressed, and targeted to organelles in plants via Agrobacteria-mediated nuclear transformation. Therefore, TALE-based editors provide an alternative way to engineer the organellar genomes in plants since the conventional chloroplast transformation method encounters technical challenges and is limited to certain species, and the direct transformation of mitochondria in higher plants is not yet possible. In this review, we update and discuss the most recent developments of TALE-based organellar genome editing in plants.

Problems and Prospects in Elementary Particle Research

Abstract: Now that the broad principles of the science of nuclear transformations have become clear and this field has found important practical applications, it has become the task of science to explore the physics of the elementary particles. The purpose of this paper is to survey the outstanding problems and to discuss possible lines of investigation. Specific questions now at issue are: (1) the genetic relationship between the radiations found in nature-neutrons, protons, electrons, positrons, mesons, neutrinos, photons; (2) what possibilities exist for the transformation of one of these entities into another in the cosmic radiation and in stellar interiors; (3) what energies and intensities of bombardment are required to bring about appreciable numbers of these transformations; (4) which changes appear susceptible to study by artificial sources of high energy radiation now in prospect; (5) for which transformations does the cosmic radiation appear to be the only effective source which will be available for some time to come; (6) what can be done to make out of high altitude cosmic radiation a workaday source for elementary particle research; (7) what modifications are required in the field concept to describe gravitation, electromagnetism, the creation of electron-positron pairs and the forces between elementary particles in a unified manner, unambiguously and without divergences; (8) how stable are neutrons and protons, and what is the possibility to convert their entire mass into energy?

Positron spectroscopy of γ-flashes in the earth atmoshear

The registration of the fast thermonuclear transformation in Earth’s atmosphere is considered. One of them is γ-flashes from thunder lightning. The atmospheric chemical composition and bound conditions in the thunder lightning plasma tubes were associated with thermonuclear transformation. Nuclear reaction channel cross-sections were selected for the calculation of the γ-ray spectra. It was found that under existing conditions the γ-spectrum is formed due to the formation of unstable proton-excess nuclei with their further decay. It has been shown that electron-atom collisions are important and only initiate the formation of proton and fully ionized He (after sufficient acceleration, we call them α-particles) current flows. In this case, protons and α-particles initiate nuclear transformation after collisions with atmospheric He, C, N, O, and Ne atoms. The time scale of γ-fluorescence is estimated and related to observation with traditional γ-ray detectors. Separately calculated contribution of pollution admixture from dust into γ-spectra.

THE PROBLEM OF OBTAINING COMBINED GAMMA AND OPTICAL DETECTORS FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FAST NUCLEAR PROCESSES

The physical and technical aspects of the registration of fast physical processes involving nuclear transformations with the help of binary detectors in the γ-and optical ranges are considered We chose a semiconducting perovskite crystal CsPbBr3 as the main element of the detector. Have been presented with geometrical and technologically usable parameters of the CsPbBr3 crystal for its implementations in nuclear medicine, geophysics and astrophysics. One of the objects that allow testing of the developed high-speed spectrographic equipment are lightning discharges in the atmospheres of planets, including the Earth. The thermonuclear nature of γ-bursts detected during thunderstorms was revealed by their spectra. The paper shows the role of the corresponding channels involving high-energy protons and α-particles, leading to the formation of 116C, 137 N, 158O isotopes. The registration of the γ-spectrum of the flash and its evolution allowed to estimate the character, energy and time scales of the processes necessary for the design and manufacture of multipurpose measuring complexes by us. The inclusion of γ-spectra in the consideration allowed to estimate the correlation between the maximum currents of particles and the productivity of γ-rays. In the experiments planned by us, the magnetic field fluctuations caused by currents are simultaneously recorded by highly sensitive magnetic field detectors. The height of the building of the Faculty of Physics in Smolyan, Bulgaria, is 900 meters above sea level. This makes it possible to place the measuring complex as close as possible to the sources of hard radiation and to carry out easurements in the immediate vicinity. Unlike distant space objects, the perovskite detector registers the positions themselves. This makes it possible to use the methods of positron γ-spectroscopy and accurately determine the parameters of local currents. The technological parameters of the device were determined. A simulation model was created in Simulink MATLAB, LabVIEW with synchronization of the operation of the listed spectrographs. The characteristic shape of the signal formed by individual γ-quanta with the parameters of the Gaussian function and the total number of these quanta are calculated. The degree of mathematical blinding of neighboring Gaussian functions and its influence on the structure of the final spectrogram in the form of an autocorrelation function is estimated. The similarity of the time scales of thermonuclear explosion processes on white dwarfs (WD) and the processes of synthesis of 116C, 137 N and 158O isotopes in the flash head is determined. It is concluded that it is expedient to create a robotic network of lightning observation stations similar to the meteor patrol at the I. I. Mechnikov National University of Ukraine.

FLAYERS IN THE PLANETS ATMOSPHERE

Planets of the Solar System or exoplanets with atmospheres are complicated to investigate because of the absence of sufficiently intense energy fluxes reflected by their atmospheres. At a sufficiently high brightness of the neighboring star, the atmosphere of the exoplanet gives the absorption spectra of some molecules with a high dissociation potential. If the star's surface temperature is low enough and its activity is low, then the presence of thunderstorm activity in the planet's atmosphere can make it possible to identify it. We show the processes that lead to the formation of flare spectra in the γ- and optical ranges and ways to identify them. It is important to note that current discharges initiate intense nuclear transformations with the formation of proton-rich C11, N13, and O15 nuclei. The spectrum of such a medium is specific and different from the spectra formed by the neighboring star. The statistical irregularity of the frequency of thunderstorms and the variety of conditions in the atmospheres of planets makes it possible to study them due to their illumination in the optical part of the spectrum. It is shown that the integrated optical flow and the detailed γ-spectrum make it possible to trace the time evolution of the lightning head current cord and obtain quantitative values of the current strength. Such fluctuations of the current give changes in the magnetic field of the filament, comparable with the value and even greater than the intrinsic magnetic fields of the planets. To carry out the proposed research, M. Doikov developed a multichannel spectrograph consisting of a γ- and optical spectrometer, a highly sensitive magnetometer, and a radio wave recorder. Its design is discussed in his report. We also note here that the calculations make it possible to determine the statistical parameter of time signals, the operating modes of the equipment, and the selection of the necessary nodes for designing the final working layout of the multichannel spectrometer. The value of the choice of observation site is indicated. In mountainous areas, these are heights of the order of a kilometer. In this case, the devices are near lightning.

Nuclear Transformation of the Marine Pennate Diatom Nitzschia sp. Strain NIES-4635 by Multi-Pulse Electroporation.

Nitzschia is one of the largest genera of diatoms found in a range of aquatic environments, from freshwater to seawater. This genus contains evolutionarily and ecologically unique species, such as those that have lost photosynthetic capacity or those that live symbiotically in dinoflagellates. Several Nitzschia species have been used as indicators of water pollution. Recently, Nitzschia species have attracted considerable attention in the field of biotechnology. In this study, a transformation method for the marine pennate diatom Nitzschia sp. strain NIES-4635, isolated from the coastal Seto Inland Sea, was established. Plasmids containing the promoter/terminator of the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding protein gene (fcp, or Lhcf) derived from Nitzschia palea were constructed and introduced into cells by multi-pulse electroporation, resulting in 500μg/mL nourseothricin-resistant transformants with transformation frequencies of up to 365 colonies per 108 cells. In addition, when transformation was performed using a new plasmid containing a promoter derived from a diatom-infecting virus upstream of the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp), 44% of the nourseothricin-resistant clones exhibited GFP fluorescence. The integration of the genes introduced into the genomes of the transformants was confirmed by Southern blotting. The Nitzschia transformation method established in this study will enable the transformation this species, thus allowing the functional analysis of genes from the genus Nitzschia, which are important species for environmental and biotechnological development.

Application of chloroplast genome analysis in plant taxonomy

Chloroplasts are important components of plants and photosynthetic organs, which have played an important role in the long history of biological evolution. Because of this, chloroplast genome research has gradually become the focus of plant research. With the further development of biotechnology, it has been found that the information of chloroplast genome structure and sequence is of great value in revealing the origin of species, evolutionary evolution and the relationship between different species. At the same time, chloroplast transformation technology, which has obvious advantages over nuclear transformation, has shown great potential in genetic improvement and the production of biological agents. Chloroplast genome structure and sequence analysis is the foundation of chloroplast transformation. Based on these important roles of chloroplasts, the application of chloroplast genome in plant classification, variation and distribution analysis was discussed in this paper. At the same time, the current analysis and research methods were summarized and briefly introduced according to different objectives. According to this study, ISSR marker analysis, DNA barcoding technology and high-throughput sequencing technology are still the main biogenic analysis methods for chloroplast gene analysis, and chloroplast transformation is the focus of future research.

Stable nuclear transformation methods for Euglena gracilis and its application to a related Euglenida

Euglenida is a taxonomic group of single-celled flagellates that have a variety of nutrient uptake strategies, making this an excellent model for studying the evolutionary acquisition of secondary chloroplasts. Among Euglenida, Euglena gracilis is the most extensively studied at the biochemical and molecular levels. However, the lack of a widely adopted method of nuclear genome transformation has hindered genetic studies in this organism. Herein, we present a novel nuclear transformation electroporation method that utilizes the 5′ adjacent region sequences of endogenous genes in E. gracilis. We used a NanoLuc reporter to evaluate promoter activity to identify four endogenous promoter candidates with superior luciferase transcriptional activity compared with the activity of the commonly used CaMV 35S promoter in E. gracilis nuclear transformation methods. We used G418 selection to obtain stable E. gracilis transformants harboring the transgene in their genomic DNA. Furthermore, we extended the applicability of our method to Rapaza viridis, a kleptoplastic species in Euglenida. Introduction of the DNA constructs developed for E. gracilis into R. viridis via electroporation generated stable G418-resistant strains exhibiting robust luciferase activity. The introduced promoter sequences functioned effectively, and accurate 5′ end modifications of mRNA were observed in both E. gracilis and R. viridis transformants. These findings demonstrate the broad applicability of our nuclear transformation method across multiple Euglenida species, facilitating molecular biology and genetic diversity studies in this taxonomic group.

Current Nuclear Engineering Strategies in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The green model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii recently emerged as a sustainable production chassis for the efficient biosynthesis of recombinant proteins and high-value metabolites. Its capacity for scalable, rapid and light-driven growth in minimal salt solutions, its simplicity for genetic manipulation and its "Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS) status are key features for its application in industrial biotechnology. Although nuclear transformation has typically resulted in limited transgene expression levels, recent developments now allow the design of powerful and innovative bioproduction concepts. In this review, we summarize the main obstacles to genetic engineering in C. reinhardtii and describe all essential aspects in sequence adaption and vector design to enable sufficient transgene expression from the nuclear genome. Several biotechnological examples of successful engineering serve as blueprints for the future establishment of C. reinhardtii as a green cell factory.

Recommendations on Selecting the NPP Generator Transformer VA Rating

The specific features of selecting the VA rating of a nuclear power unit step-up transformer are analyzed. The analysis is based on the provisions of the international standard IEEE C57.116-2022, which is a guide for transformers connected to turbine generators, taking into account the definition of the term “transformer VA rating” according to Russian and European standards (GOST 16110-82 and GOST 30830-2002). The definition of this term in this guide differs from that adopted in Russia and the EU member states. An example of analytical calculation of the generator step-up transformer steady-state apparent power in the reactive power generation and absorption modes (turbine generator inductive and capacitive operation modes) is considered. The calculation is confirmed by the simulation results in the ETAR software package. The inexpediency of selecting the generator step-up transformer VA rating from the standardized range of rated capacities according to GOST 17544-85 and GOST 9680-77 is substantiated. An adverse effect of overestimating the transformer VA rating on the maximum three-phase short-circuit fault current in the generator voltage circuit (in the main electrical connection circuit section between the turbine generator and step-up transformer) of a nuclear power plant unit is shown.

Exploring the Potential of Zirconium-89 in Diagnostic Radiopharmaceutical Applications: An Analytical Investigation

This study highlights the use of 89Zr-oxalate in diagnostic applications with the help of WinAct and IDAC2.1 software. It presents the biodistribution of the drug in various organs and tissues, including bone, blood, muscle, liver, lung, spleen, kidneys, inflammations, and tumors, and analyzes the maximum amount of nuclear transformation per Bq intake for each organ. The retention time of the maximum nuclear transformation and the absorbed doses of the drug in various organs and tissues are also examined. Data from clinical and laboratory studies on radiopharmaceuticals are used to estimate the coefficients of transition. The accumulation and excretion of the radiopharmaceutical in the organs is assumed to follow an exponential law. The coefficients of transition from the organs to the blood and vice versa are estimated using a combination of statistical programs and digitized data from the literature. WinAct and IDAC 2.1 software are used to calculate the distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in the human body and to estimate the absorbed doses in organs and tissues. The results of this study can provide valuable information for the biokinetic modeling of wide-spectrum diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. The results show that 89Zr-oxalate has a high affinity for bones and a relatively low impact on healthy organs, making it helpful in targeting bone metastases. This study provides valuable information for further research on the development of this drug for potential clinical applications.