Application of chloroplast genome analysis in plant taxonomy

Abstract

Chloroplasts are important components of plants and photosynthetic organs, which have played an important role in the long history of biological evolution. Because of this, chloroplast genome research has gradually become the focus of plant research. With the further development of biotechnology, it has been found that the information of chloroplast genome structure and sequence is of great value in revealing the origin of species, evolutionary evolution and the relationship between different species. At the same time, chloroplast transformation technology, which has obvious advantages over nuclear transformation, has shown great potential in genetic improvement and the production of biological agents. Chloroplast genome structure and sequence analysis is the foundation of chloroplast transformation. Based on these important roles of chloroplasts, the application of chloroplast genome in plant classification, variation and distribution analysis was discussed in this paper. At the same time, the current analysis and research methods were summarized and briefly introduced according to different objectives. According to this study, ISSR marker analysis, DNA barcoding technology and high-throughput sequencing technology are still the main biogenic analysis methods for chloroplast gene analysis, and chloroplast transformation is the focus of future research.