NOx Emission Levels Research Articles

Trends of the low-NOx and high-burnout combustion characteristics in a cascade-arch, W-shaped flame furnace regarding with the staged-air angle

For a cascade-arch-firing low-NOx and high-burnout configuration (CLHC) designated for solving the incompatible problem of strengthened low NOx combustion and good burnout in W-shaped flame furnaces, numerical simulations verified by real-furnace results of a 600 MWe furnace with the multiple-injection multiple-staging combustion technology (MIMSCT), were performed to evaluate trends of the CLHC’s in-furnace flow field, combustion, and NOx production at different staged-air angles of θ = 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°. The flow-field symmetry and combustion performance first improved and then worsened with θ, generating a same change trend in the residual O2 at the furnace outlet, carbon content in fly ash, and emission levels of CO and NOx. The 20° setting finally established the optimal performance indexes labeled as NOx emissions of 669 mg/m3 at 6% O2 and carbon content in fly ash of 5.1%. In the NOx formation aspect along the flame travel in the CLHC, it was found that NOx was initially inhibited obviously in the preceding combustion stage but then surged in the primary combustion stage before finally reduced sharply by the reburning process. As a replacement of the prior MIMSCT, the CLHC achieved a strengthened low-NOx combustion performance with NOx reduced by 26% without affecting burnout. The prominent improvement was attributed to the combination of improving symmetrical combustion pattern, strengthening deep-air-staging conditions, lengthening flame travel by positioning hopper air, and introducing the flue gas recirculation and reburning process.

Combined influence of compression ratio and EGR on diverse characteristics of a research diesel engine fueled with waste mango seed biodiesel blend

ABSTRACT Currently world is encountering crisis such as diminution of fossil fuel resources and global warming due to engine emissions. Changing the operating parameters of the engine is one of feasible technique to enhance the engine performance. The present experimental work is mainly focuses on the influence of changing compression ratio along with different EGR rates for the research diesel engine fueled with 20% mango seed methyl ester (MSME 20).Transesterification process was used to reduce the viscosity of mango seed methyl ester. As per ASTM standards, the fuel properties of MSME and MSME20 were evaluated and compared with diesel. Initially, the compression ratio was varied at three levels such as 18:1, 20:1, and 22:1 for the diesel engine powered with 20% mango seed biodiesel blend and compared with diesel. Based on experimentation, it was found that MSME20 blend with compression ratio of 22:1 was shown enhanced brake thermal efficiency by 7.4% and also reduction in engine emissions such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and smoke opacity by 33.3%, 40%, and 7.1% were found at full load respectively when compared to MSME20 with compression ratio of 18:1. However, there was considerable increment in NOX emissions. In order to mitigate the NOX emissions, the engine is further operated with different EGR rates (5% and 10%) at compression ratio of 22:1. The test results evident that addition of 5% of EGR to the engine running at compression ratio 22:1 reduced the NOX emission levels by 40.5% over standard conditions without much penalty in engine performance.

Experimental investigation of ammonia combustion in a bench scale 1.2 MW-thermal pulverised coal firing furnace

The use of carbon-free fuel in fossil fuel firing power stations is one solution for CO2 reduction, and renewable hydrogen, when produced by renewable sources and energy can be a potential alternative fuel. Ammonia is one of promising hydrogen carriers, because it offers a high energy density, is easily liquefied, and is already widely used in the industry as fertiliser, raw chemical material, or selective catalytic reactant. Furthermore, it is well known that ammonia can be co-fired with pulverised coal. However, for utilising as fuel there are often concerns like expected flame instabilities due to slow reaction, higher NOx emission because of higher nitrogen content and lower thermal radiation because of lower flame temperature. This paper focuses on the first two items. A coal-fired furnace with capacity of 1.2MWth is used to evaluate the characteristics of ammonia co-firing with different ammonia guns. The study shows that CO2 emission can be reduced in proportion to the co-firing ratio as expected. A properly designed gas gun enables successful operation of pure ammonia firing with zero CO2 emission. The same NOx (nitrogen oxides such as NO, NO2 etc.) emission levels as achieved in pure coal-firing can be realised when co-firing ammonia with coal. Even in the case of pure ammonia firing low NOx emission can be realized without ammonia slip. Concerning unburnt carbon residues in the fly-ash under co-firing condition, large reductions have been recognised compared to pure coal-firing.

Investigating the influence of oxygenated fuel on particulate size distribution and NOX control in a common-rail diesel engine at rated EGR levels

The effect of butanol-diesel blend (B20) and different rates of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on particulate matter (PM) characterisation and NOX emissions were investigated in this experimental work. The different rates of EGR (0%, 15% and 30%) and oxygenated fuel (B20) were used in this study. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the engine increased under without used EGR technique compared to the presence of EGR during combustion process for B20 and diesel fuel. Further, higher BTE produced during the combustion of B20 than that produced from combustion of diesel for different rates of EGR. The BSFC slightly increased with B20 combustion compared to the diesel combustion. The cylinder pressure and ROHR improved with combustion of B20 under without using EFR. The results showed that PM reduced from the combustion of B20 more than to the diesel fuel for different rates of EGR. Besides, the average of particle diameter reduced from B20 combustion by 20, 22 and 25 nm compared to the diesel by 31, 37 and 43 nm for 0%, 15% and 30% of EGR, respectively. The soot particles generated from B20 combustion are lower than to the diesel fuel combustion for different rates of EGR. Lower level of NOX emissions can be achieved with using EGR (15% and 30%) than to the without EGR technique, this effect is more clearly with oxygenated fuel. It is indicated that the EGR dramatically increase the THC and CO emissions when exceeds the 30% with no obvious influence on NOX emissions.

SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF INCOMPLETE INFORMATION ABOUT AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL OBJECT BASED ON REAL-TIME VIRTUAL SENSORS

Modern automatic control systems use built-in mathematical models for estimation of unmeasured by the direct methods parameters such as NOX emission in aeroengine low-emission combustion chamber. The two models of NOX emissions virtual sensor built into the controller are proposed. A stochastic nonlinear mathematical model is based on the Zeldovich equation. It applies the superposition principle of NOX production in diffusion and homogeneous flames. Probability density distribution functions of the air-fuel mixture concentration in these flames take into account both of a spatial non-uniformity of the mixture composition and a harmonic component of the acoustic waves generated by the heat release. The concept of integral relations models has been developed with the use of numerical modeling of spatial and temporal non-uniformities of the air-fuel mixture concentration (4D-metamodeling) and available experimental data. Another virtual sensor model is based on the neural network predicting NOX emission in gas turbine combustion chamber. The example of a neural network and results of its training on a real combustion chamber is presented. It is shown that the two or three-layer neural network having 20–30 neurons provides an acceptable error (not exceeding 10 %) of the NOX emission display and can be used as a virtual emission sensor in an engine control system. The normalized level of NOx emission per take-off and landing cycle is considered as a target function of the automatic control of low-emission combustion. To estimate the level of NOX emission a built-in virtual sensor is proposed.

Numerical simulation of the heat transfer and NOX emissions in a 660 MW tangentially fired pulverised-coal supercritical boiler

Numerical simulation of the influence of operating conditions of the furnace on its performance characteristics like heat flux distribution, Furnace Exit Gas Temperature (FEGT) and NOx emission levels was performed for a tangentially fired pulverised coal boiler. The results revealed that the FEGT and NOx emission are slightly higher when the top seven coal nozzles are in operation compared to the bottom seven coal nozzles. While the increase in burner tilt led to an increased FEGT, the least NOx emission was obtained for the burner tilt with 0°. The NOx emission started to increase with both increase and decrease in tilt from 0°. In addition, the FEGT and NOx emission were directly and inversely proportional to the percentage of SOFA (Separated OverFire Air) opening respectively. NOx emission was lower by around 7.5% when the air staging was done with the top-most SOFA nozzle instead of the bottom-most SOFA nozzle. However, the FEGT was higher in the former case.

Assessment of antioxidant impact on fuel stability and emission personality for Alexandrian laurel and Poison nut biodiesel

The chief criterion for non commercialization of biodiesel is the unbalanced fuel properties and poisonous NOx emission level in elevated quantity. But in the case of marketable petrol and diesel fuels, the fuel properties are in much steady state leading to extended fuel stability without putrefying in fuel properties and lower NOx emission level. The difference between the stability capacities is the reaction of fuels to the atmospheric oxygen. Obviously biodiesel contains oxygen content in superior quantity, as the feedstock is the naturally available resources when compared to fossil fuels. The present attempt has been focused to stable the fuel properties by evaluating the oxidation, storage and thermal stability of Alexandrian laurel and Poison nut biodiesel with the assist of Tert-butyl hydroquinone antioxidant at 1000 ppm, in the subsequent ratios as AP10T, AP15T, AP20T, AP25T and AP30T using high-tech equipments. FTIR infers the stability variation with the aid of C–H and O–H bonds in the fuel blends. In adding up with that, the relationship between NOx emission and cylinder head temperature has been made through novel Fluke thermal imager. As a result, AP20T shows supreme fuel stability and NOx emission nearer to commercial diesel fuel.

Evaluation of Co and Nox Emissions in Real-Life Operating Conditions of Herbaceous Biomass Briquettes Combustion

Abstract The issue of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides emissions into the atmosphere is very current. This article thus focuses on the assessment of elemental composition of selected herbal biomass species and emission concentrations during combustion in a commonly available grate combustion device for briquetted fuel. In tests, emission concentrations were evaluated in contrast to the oxygen concentration in flue gas and flue gas temperatures. Samples of camelina (Camelina sativa), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus gigantheus), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were used. Elementary and stoichiometric combustion analyses were conducted for these samples (LECO AC-600 semi-automatic calorimeter, CHN628 + S elemental analyser and LECO TGA-701 analyser). Analyses of C, H, N and S concentrations and calorific values showed that samples of briquetted herb biomass had insignificant differences and could be used for energy purposes without limitation. The limiting factor was the high amount of ash, which amounted to 6.59% of dry weight in reed canary grass briquette sample. Furthermore, a high percentage (1.91% wt.) of nitrogen was observed in reed canary grass briquettes. Such a high amount of nitrogen during combustion tests resulted in an increase in NOx emission levels in flue gas of the Phalaris arundinacea L. sample, in which it reached the maximum concentration of 375.20 mg·m−3. The combustion tests showed that even under steady-state conditions, high concentrations of carbon monoxide could not be avoided for tested briquetted biofuels without active regulation of the combustion process.

Virtual NOx-emission sensors for robust aero engine automatic control system

Modern robust control systems use built-in mathematical models for estimation of unmeasured by the direct methods parameters such as NOx emission. The two models of NOx emissions virtual sensor built into the smart controller of an aero engine low-emission combustion chamber are proposed in this study. A stochastic nonlinear mathematical model is based on the Zeldovich equation. It applies the superposition principle of NOx production in diffusion and homogeneous flames. Probability density distribution functions of the air-fuel mixture concentration in these flames take into account both of a spatial non-uniformity of the mixture composition and a harmonic component of the acoustic waves generated by the heat release. The NOx generation rate is averaged over the fuel flow through diffusion and homogeneous flames based on the probability density distribution function. An exponentiality of a decrease in the generation rate along the length of the combustor space is proposed. The concept of integral relations models has been developed with the use of numerical modeling of spatial and temporal non-uniformities of the air-fuel mixture concentration (4D-metamodeling) and available experimental data. Another virtual sensor model is based on the neural network. A well-known approach of NOx emissions prediction used in monitoring systems of gas turbine power plants is applied. The example of a neural network and results of its training on a real combustion chamber is presented. It is shown that the two or three-layer neural network having 20… 30 neurons provides an acceptable error (not exceeding 10%) of the NOx emission display and can be used as a virtual emission sensor in an engine control system. The normalized level of NOx emission per take-off and landing cycle is considered as a target function of the automatic control of low-emission combustion. The estimation of the level of NOx emission by a built-in virtual sensor is proposed for robust aero engine automatic control.

Experiments on a Low-Emission Two-Stage Model Combustor for a Medium-Power Gas Turbine

This paper is the last in the series on the reasearch into the sequential combustion process in a combustor with an outlet gas temperature of 1600 – 1700°C and permissible levels of CO and NOx emissions. The results of experiments on a model sequential combustor with an outlet gas temperature of 1460°C at a rated load are presented. The possibility of increasing the temperature to 1690°C was examined. The goal was to confirm that the combustor can operate in the range from 700 to 1700°C. The combustor has two sequential burners. The values of the velocities and air and fuel flow rates in both stages are taken from the previous studies. The model combustor was tested in the following operating conditions of the gas turbine: idling, transition to low-emission operation, and full load. The emission characteristics are compared for the following three schemes of combustion: (i) the air and fuel are supplied only to the first burner, the second burner being closed; (ii) the air is supplied to both burners while the fuel is supplied only to the first burner, the second burner operating as a combustor mixer; (iii) the air and fuel in optimal ratio are supplied to both burners.

Investigating the engine performance, emissions and soot characteristics of CI engine fueled with diesel fuel loaded with graphene oxide-titanium dioxide nanocomposites

Despite progress in the use of electric motors for transportation systems, petro-diesel remains the primary fuel for driving heavy machinery across numerous economic sectors. In this study, the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics, and soot morphology of compression ignition (CI) engine running on diesel fuel, with different nanoparticles were investigated. Three different nanoparticles with a concentration of 50 mg/l were considered. These are graphene oxide (GO), titanium oxide (TiO2) and GO doped with TiO2 (GO-TiO2). The experiments were carried out on a single-cylinder, air-cooled, 4-stroke CI engine at a speed of 2000 rpm, and different engine loads. The soot was sampled from the exhaust line on a fiberglass substrate, using a vacuum pump, and its morphology was observed with a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The results showed a 12% average reduction in fuel consumption for diesel/TiO2 fuel compared to neat diesel. Furthermore, the in-cylinder pressures for all the fuel blends, especially at peak load, are greater than that of neat diesel fuel. The GO nanoparticles led to comparable levels of NOX emissions to those of neat diesel, while TiO2 and GO-TiO2 enhanced the formation of NOX. CO emissions were found to increase with the addition of considered nanoparticles. The fringe length and tortuosity were shown to increase for D100+GO-TiO2 compared to diesel fuel by 11% and 7%, respectively. A sparse fringe pattern was also observed for the D100+GO-TiO2 agglomerate. This indicates a more reactive soot, due to the presence of oxygen atoms supplied by the nanoparticles during combustion.

Study of using diesel/high-ON biofuel blends as the pilot fuel with large proportion and split injection in the dual-fuel combustion

Dual-fuel combustion using diesel and high-octane number (ON) biofuel of n-butanol blends to ignite compressed natural gas (CNG) with pilot fuel split injection was investigated. 30% n-butanol/70% diesel (B30D70) and pure diesel (B0D100) as the pilot fuels were compared with the start of pre-injection (SOIp) timings swept from −30 (SOIp30) to −80 °CA ATDC (SOIp80) under the CNG substitution rates of 50% at low load and 65% at medium load. A fixed start of main-injection (SOIm) timing of −9 °CA ATDC in B0D100 and various SOIm timings in B30D70 to match CA50 of B0D100 were employed. The experimental results indicated that adding n-butanol in the pilot fuel can significantly reduce the PM emission at advanced SOIp timings even with large proportion of pilot fuel. At low load, B30D70 reveals higher indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) due to its shorter combustion duration compared to B0D100, and it also leads to lower NOx emissions resulted from the more homogeneous mixture. The CO and THC emissions tend to be slightly increased in B30D70 for the advanced SOIp timings. At medium load, B30D70 also obtains higher ITE but yields higher NOx emissions. Relatively low level of NOx emissions can be obtained at early SOIp timings, such as SOIp60, SOIp70 and SOIp80. The CO and THC emissions are similar for the two pilot fuels at these timings. For the comparisons of the two pilot fuels and injection strategies, it can be demonstrated that B30D70 is more favorable to the thermal efficiency and emissions with split injection at SOIp40 under low load condition and early SOIp timings under medium load condition.

Use of Gasoline, LPG and LPG-HHO Blend in SI Engine: A Comparative Performance for Emission Control and Sustainable Environment

The rising global warming concerns and explosive degradation of the environment requires the mainstream utilization of alternative fuels, such as hydroxy gas (HHO) which presents itself as a viable substitute for extracting the benefits of hydrogen. Therefore, an experimental study of the performance and emission characteristics of alternative fuels in contrast to conventional gasoline was undertaken. For experimentation, a spark ignition engine was run on a multitude of fuels comprising of gasoline, Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and hybrid blend of HHO with LPG. The engine was operated at 60% open throttle with engine speed ranging from 1600 rpm to 3400 rpm. Simultaneously, the corresponding performance parameters including brake specific fuel consumption, brake power and brake thermal efficiency were investigated. Emission levels of CO, CO2, HC and NOx were quantified in the specified speed range. To check the suitability of the acquired experimental data, it was subjected to a Weibull distribution fit. Enhanced performance efficiency and reduced emissions were observed with the combustion of the hybrid mixture of LPG with HHO in comparison to LPG: on average, brake power increased by 7% while the brake specific fuel consumption reduced by 15%. On the other hand, emissions relative to LPG decreased by 21%, 9% and 21.8% in cases of CO, CO2, and unburned hydrocarbons respectively. Incorporating alternative fuels would not only imply reduced dependency on conventional fuels but would also contribute to their sustainability for future generations. Simultaneously, the decrease in harmful environmental pollutants would help to mitigate and combat the threats of climate change.

The impact of the temperature of biodiesel from animal fats on nitrogen oxides emissions

The current results of NOx emission tests of diesel engines fuelled with unconventional biofuels are not unambiguous. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the influence of temperature of methyl esters from animal fats (AFME) on the level of NOx emission. The test was carried out on an experimental stand equipped with a diesel engine with a power of 9.5 kW. The engine was controlled by an electric generator from which the generated energy was fed into the electric network. The test was carried out in accordance with the D1 standard for power generators. As a result of the statistical analysis, significant differences were found for the values of average unit emissions of nitrogen oxides obtained for individual phases of D1 tests, i.e. engine loads amounting respectively to 50%, 75% and 100% of the nominal value of engine torque. On the basis of the test results, a significant influence of fuel temperature on NOx reduction can be found. Increase of fuel temperature by 50°C resulted in reduction of emissions by 6% on average.

Comparison of environmental pollution and social cost analyses in different drying technologies

Four different widely used dryers (i.e., recirculation, fluidised-bed, hybrid hot-air/infrared, and hybrid microwave/hot-air dryers) were used to analyse the gas emissions from different drying processes of Aloe vera. According to the results, the highest and lowest actual specific energy consumption were 306.977 and 3.182 kWh/kgwater reported for fluidised-bed and hybrid microwave/hot-air dryers, respectively. Given the energy consumption of different dryers, the highest CO2, SO2 and NOx emission levels were 314.651, 4.689 and 0.827 kg/kgwater for the steam power plant, 337.06, 1.195 and 1.778 kg/kgwater for the gas turbine plant, and 190.940, 0.714 and 1.161 kg/kgwater for the combined-cycle power plant. The lowest energy consumption was reported for drying with the microwave/hot-air dryer at 60°C, airflow velocity of 0.3 m/s and power level of 300 W. The highest and lowest social costs for the microwave/hot-air dryer under the said conditions were 0.12 and 0.08 USD for evaporating 1 kg water, which belonged to gas turbine and combined-cycle plants, respectively. According to the results, the lowest emission level was observed in the combined-cycle power plant when burning natural gas.

Research on NO<SUB align="right">x emission of coal-fired unit based on multi-model clustering ensemble

The predictive control of NOx emission generated by coal-fired units has an important impact on economic benefits of power station and control of environmental pollution. In order to enhance the accuracy of prediction model, a modelling method of boiler NOx emission based on voting multi-model soft clustering ensemble (VMSC) is proposed. The data space is divided into three sub-space according to the level of NOx emission, and the variables that participate in clustering are determined by using variable weight based on relevant analysis and hierarchical clustering utilised information entropy. The proposed algorithm VMSC is used to obtain new membership degree matrix of each sub-space. The multiple least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) models of each subspace are compromised by the least-squares method fused membership degree. The simulation results show that the VMSC algorithm which merges soft fuzzy C-means clustering (SFCM) and genetic algorithm-soft fuzzy C-means clustering (GA-SFCM) improve the accuracy of clustering, and the simulation performance is better than other selected models. The integrated model VMSC-LSSVM can achieve accurate prediction for NOx emission of utility boiler and effectively solve the problem that the model used single method to modelling is weak generalisation.

Research on GTE-110 gas turbine operating modes for limiting nitrogen oxide emissions of ccgt power units

Gas turbines are actively used as a part of combined-cycle power units having less impact on the environ-ment than installations operating on other types of fuel. However, their emissions contain harmful carbon compounds and nitrogen oxides. Some research studies considered the effect of emissions upon changes in the coefficient of excess air. At the same time, no attention was paid to the influence of other operational parameters and technological limitations associated with the safe operation of combined-cycle CCGT equipment, and no assessment was made of the impact of climatic factors on environmental indicators. Thus, it is important to conduct separate studies to assess the influence of regime and climatic factors on the stability of the combustion process in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, on the environmental performance of the installation and the compliance of these indicators with the standards. The research used data from the control system archive, and a simulation model was developed in the SimInTech environment. The following assumptions are made in the model: the fuel composition does not change and it enters the single combustion zone without separation into the pilot and central zones of the combustion chamber. The methodology for calculating emissions is reduced to dividing their volume into NO and NO2 due to the transformation of nitrogen oxides in the air. Subsequently, the values of the total concentration are recalculated to a single NOx value. A simulation model for calculating emissions has been obtained. The effect of excess air on nitrogen oxide emissions considering the technological zones of gas turbines of outdoor air temperature (To.a) from –20 to +30 оС and the power from 48 to 110 MW has been assessed. It has been shown that near the nominal load the maximum NOx emission are observed. In general, the results obtained indicate that the requirements for NOx emission standards are met in the entire operating range of gas turbine load changes. However, the reserve of a possible deviation of emissions to a critical level is only 10 %. The verification of the developed model is based on operational trends. The recommendations on operational management have been formulated for power unit operators in order to maintain an ac-ceptable level of NOx emissions.

The study of the spark ignition engine operation at fuelling with n-butanol-gasoline blends

For conventional internal combustion engines alternative fuels such alcohols (ethanol, methanol and butanol) have attracted more attention. This aspect is due to the fact that alcohols have good combustion properties and high oxygen content. Butanol is a viable fuel for blending with conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel because of its high miscibility with these conventional fuels. The high combustion speed of butanol compared to that of gasoline ensures a shorter burning process thus the engine thermal efficiency can potentially be improved. Moreover, the additional oxygen content of the alcohol n-butanol can potentially improve the combustion process and can lead to a reduction of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons emissions level. Utilizing butanol-gasoline blends can provide a good solution for the reduction of greenhouse gases level (CO2) and pollutants level (CO, HC, and NOx). An experimental study was carried out in a spark ignition engine which was fueled with a blend of n-butanol-gasoline at different volume percentages. The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of butanol on the engine energetic performances and on the emissions (HC, CO and NOx). At first the engine fueled with pure gasoline to set up a reference at the engine load χ=55%, engine speed of n=2500 min-1 and different excess air coefficients (λ). After setting the reference the engine was fueled with butanol-gasoline blend (10% vol. butanol 90% vol. gasoline) with the same engine adjustments. At butanol use the CO, HC and CO2 emissions level decreased, but the NOx emission level increased. The butanol can be considered a good alternative fuel for the spark ignition engines without modifications.

Hydrogen vehicles in urban logistics: A total cost of ownership analysis and some policy implications

Freight transport accounts for 8–15% of total traffic flow in urban areas within the European Union. The majority of these deliveries are undertaken by diesel-powered vehicles with extremely disproportionate levels of CO2, NOx and particulate matter emissions. Accordingly, a variety of strategic options have been advanced as key solutions for addressing fossil fuel demand and emissions in urban freight transport. This paper progresses the discourse on hydrogen vehicles as viable strategic options for addressing sustainability concerns in urban logistics by undertaking a comprehensive total cost of ownership analysis. Outcomes from this study not only support the economic competitiveness of hydrogen vehicles, but also analyse implications of several future policy and market scenarios.

Combustion Optimization Test of “W” Flame Furnace Based on Orthogonal Experimental Design

This paper focuses on the selection ideas, test methods, test results and analysis of a “W” type flame furnace combustion test program. Under the electrical load of 300MW, 250MW, 200MW and 150MW, the orthogonal test method is adopted to change the “furnace outlet oxygen amount”, “secondary wind and grading wind distribution mode”, “burning air opening degree”, “secondary damper combination method” and “heat load distribution” of the boiler so as to make clear about the impact of various operating conditions on boiler efficiency and NOx emission level, and summarize the optimal operation mode of the boiler. The combustion adjustment can improve the economic and environmental protection of the boiler under different working conditions, which provides data support for equipment safety, environmental protection and economic operation, and provides reference for boiler combustion optimization test research and combustion optimization of the same type of furnace.