Novosibirsk Reservoir Research Articles

Изменение морфометрических параметров крупных равнинных водохранилищ: причины и последствия (на примере Камского водохранилища)

The paper presents the results of a comparison of the project and refined according to the results of research for 2007–2008 morphometric indicators (area and volume) of the Kama reservoir. Based on a comparison of the design curves and and refined curves of the areas and volumes of the reservoir, as well as diagrams of changes in the total volume of taxons (plots) allocated in the hydrological and morphological zoning, we concluded that the updated data does not correspond to the theoretical ideas about the general orientation of the evolution of the reservoir morphologic parameters. Based on the sedimentation balance data of the Kama reservoir, we have shown that the concept of large-scale changes in the reservoir volume due to the sediment accumulation is untenable. To explain the significant difference between the design and updated data a hypothesis was advanced about incorrect determination of the area and volume of the Kama reservoir in the design studies, due to the low accuracy of cartometric and computational methods in the study of the extremely complex shape of the reservoir bed Similar studies on the Novosibirsk reservoir support these conclusions.

ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКАЯ АНИЗОТРОПИЯ ПО ДАННЫМ МЕТОДОВ ПОСТОЯННОГО ТОКА В РАЙОНЕ БЫСТРОВСКОГО ПОЛИГОНА (БЕРЕГ ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА В НОВОСИБИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The article presents the results of the study of electrical anisotropy by two methods of DC (vertical electrical sounding and electrical tomography) in the area of the Bystrovka field area, on the shore of the Novosibirsk reservoir. Taking into account a priori well data, the parameters of the geoelectric model and the anisotropic characteristics of the section are determined. On the site of the study, according to the data of two methods, electrical anisotropy observed in the reference geoelectric horizon, represented by shale. In addition, the main direction of crack propagation is determined.

О ПРОБЛЕМАХ НАРУШЕНИЯ ПРАВОВОГО РЕЖИМА ЗЕМЛЕПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В ГРАНИЦАХ ВОДООХРАННЫХ ЗОН (НА ПРИМЕРЕ НОВОСИБИРСКОГО ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА)

The article deals with violations of the legal regime of land use within the boundaries of water protection zones (on the example of the Novosibirsk reservoir). Examples of the use of land for the place of "wild" rest of the population, storage of household garbage. With the use of earth remote sensing data, examples of unauthorized seizure of land within the boundaries of water protection zones, as well as plowing of these lands and the organization of industrial production are shown. The conclusion is made about the need for short-term work on the establishment and consolidation of the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protective strips.

Чужеродные макробеспозвоночные в донных сообществах Новосибирского водохранилища (эколого-фаунистический обзор)

Строительство и последующее использование водохранилищ стало ведущим фактором проникновения и распространения чужеродных видов в Обь-Иртышском бассейне. Фауна чужеродных видов Новосибирского водохранилища представлена пятью видами, три из которых (Gmelinoides fasciatus Steb., Micruropus possolskii Sowinsky и Neomysis intermedia (Czerniavsky)) были преднамеренно вселены для повышения кормовой базы водоема, еще два (Viviparus viviparus (L.) и Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz) появились в результате непреднамеренных интродукций. Прослежена история проникновения и натурализации каждого вида, проанализированы экологические факторы их обитания, рассмотрены особенности современного пространственного распределения вселенцев. Отмечено, что несмотря на невысокое видовое богатство, вселенцы существенно влияют на структурные характеристики донных сообществ водохранилища.

Dynamics of Malaria Mosquito Species Composition in Siberian Populations Detected by Restriction Analysis

The peculiarities of the dynamics of malaria mosquito species proportions were studied in natural populations. Twenty-one collections from five larval habitats of the Anopheles maculipennis complex malaria mosquitoes were taken in the vicinity of Novosibirsk (Russia). It was detected that the Anopheles messeae and An. daciae are dominant species in the collected samples. Three An. beklemishevi individuals were also detected. The dynamics of the species proportions within the reproduction seasons for a number of years and also the differences between localities in the species composition were studied. It was revealed that the An. daciae proportion is maximal in July and falls in August. The species proportions can change sharply from year to year. For example, the An. messeae species prevailed in localities on the left bank of Novosibirsk Reservoir in 2013 and 2014 with the frequency of 54–68%, while An. daciae began to prevail on this territory in 2016 with the frequency of 73–85%. Our data on the proportions of species in different reservoirs were compared with data of other authors for the collections of malaria mosquitoes of the Anopheles maculipennis complex in Russia (Tomsk oblast) and in Germany. A high correspondence of models provided by these authors for the territory that we studied was demonstrated. Thus, the ecological peculiarities of the An. messeae and An. daciae species are highly stable even in geographically and climatically distant localities. An increase in the portion of relatively anthropophilic An. daciae in the middle of summer can be a risk factor relative to malaria transmission in this period of time.

Spectral Water Transparency of Novosibirsk Reservoir in Summer 2017

The results of measurement of the spectral attenuation coefficient of water at different depths and at wavelength 400–800 nm carried out at the Novosibirsk reservoir during August 14–18, 2017 are presented. The route of water sampling along the reservoir measured 200 km in length and consisted of ten sections from the town of Kamen-na-Obi to the dam area of hydropower station and the Berdsk Gulf. The hydrooptical measurements involved the evaluation of the depth of Secchi disk visibility. It is found that the largest spectral attenuation coefficient of water at wavelength 400–800 nm for the surface layer in the upper part of the reservoir reached 30 m-1. This is due to the high average flow rate reaching 1–15 m/s, shallow depth, turbulent mixing of water masses that leads to the increase of the concentration of suspensions and dissolved substances in water. In the middle part of the reservoir, where the average flow rate in the surface layer is reduced to 0.3–0.5 m/s, the highest spectral attenuation of water is observed at 8 m-1. At the bottom and dam parts of the reservoir, where the average flow rate is 0.11-0.20 m/s, the spectral attenuation of water does not exceed 6 m-1. The two sites of the Berdsk Gulf show the maximum spectral attenuation at 5.5–8 m-1. In general, the results of field investigations quantify the variations in the spectral attenuation of summer water at different depths for 10 sites of the three main parts of the Novosibirsk reservoir and the Berdsk Gulf. The obtained data provide a basis for the modeling of hydrophysical processes and the integrated assessment of the ecological state of the water body under study.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)1-08

NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC IRREVERSIBLE VERTICAL RIVERBED DEFORMATIONS

Irreversible vertical deformation implies the systematic incision or sediment deposition within a considerable length of the river, in the course of which rise or lowering of river long profile and change of its general shape occur. Contemporary deformations occur in time intervals documented by historical materials and direct observations, that span several centuries, develop under the human influence or have a purely anthropogenic origin, although natural deformations due to tectonics and climate change play some role as well. To analyze the dynamics of the riverbed vertical deformations process, published sources for several rivers over the World were used as well as authors’ own studies in a number of rivers: Ob river upstream and downstream of Novosibirsk reservoir, Kama river downstream of the Votkinsk dam, Selected reaches in rivers Tom’, Oka, Belaya Rivers with a large scale in-stream mines. Dam construction and creation of reservoirs as well as in-stream extraction of building materials most notably contribute to the development of vertical deformations. Results show that both the process of incision downstream of dam and in sections with in-stream mines and the process of regressive accumulation upstream of the reservoirs are described by an exponential relationship reflecting the asymptotic nature of the lowering or rise of the riverbed. The relationship coefficients depend on the mobility of the channel. In the course of incision, riverbed becomes less movable, and its recovery may occur in other hydrological and geomorphological setting.

Regulation of the extreme runoff of the Upper Ob by the Novosibirsk reservoir.

Regulation of the extreme runoff of the Upper Ob by the Novosibirsk reservoir.

Space and time regularities in the distribution of dissolved and suspended manganese forms in Novosibirsk Reservoir water

The space and time regularities in the distribution, migration, and turnover of dissolved and suspended manganese forms in Novosibirsk Reservoir water are considered. The flux of dissolved manganese forms (Mn2+) from bottom sediments into the water mass is shown to reach its maximum in the under-ice period (since the late February to the mid-April), as well as in the period of maximal abundance of biota (August–early September), when reduction conditions form everywhere in reservoir bottom sediments. In this period, bottom sediments are the main source of manganese input into the reservoir water, their contribution reaching 250–400% relative to the inflowing river water; manganese vertical distribution in water is opposite to that of dissolved oxygen, and its concentration is in excess of the hygienic standards. The maximal flux of dissolved manganese forms (Mn4+) from water into bottom sediments is recorded in August–September (on the average, 0.17 g/(m2 day)); it drops to 0.06 g/(m2 day) during spring flood, and practically vanishes in the under-ice period.

An Adaptive Algorithm for Hydrological Time Series Forecasting Based on the Selection of an Analogue-Period

In the paper, an adaptive algorithm for time series forecasting based on the selection of an analogue period is proposed. A distinctive feature of the algorithm is the use of training sample of forecasts for the automatic selection of optimal parameters of its work. The algorithm was employed for prediction of the hydrological time series of inflow to Novosibirsk Reservoir (the Ob River). The efficiency of its use (an increase in the accuracy of forecasts) is demonstrated compared with the basic algorithm.

О результатах прогнозирования весеннего половодья на Верхней Оби в 2015 году

Problems of the spring high-water-caused floods forecasting for the Verkhnyaya Ob River have been discussed. Results of the medium-term prediction of the first-wave flood volume near the city of Barnaul and the short-term prediction of the spring high-water at the Verkhnyaya Ob in 2015 have been presented. A method based on the revealed connection between snowmelt runoff of the piedmont area and the average snow content index of the current year registered at the low-mountain meteorological stations has been developed for the medium-term prediction of high-water event. The medium-term forecast of the 2015 first-wave flood volume near Barnaul was produced with one month lead time, while short-term water level forecasts for the Ob River range from Fominskoye to Kamen-na-Obi were produced with 3-5 days lead time. Good agreement of the short-term forecasts with the observation data shown that the developed computer one-dimensional model of flows in the Verkhnyaya Ob channel system could be successfully applied for short-term estimation of the floodplain territories flooding of the said Ob ranges during spring high-water periods and rain-storm floods, as well as for determining of the discharge levels for Novosibirsk reservoir. Discrepancies between calculated and field data in respect of water level near Barnaul during the 2015 first-wave flood did not exceed 30 cm.

СУТОЧНАЯ ДИНАМИКА ГИДРОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ И ЗООПЛАНКТОНА В ЛИТОРАЛИ НОВОСИБИРСКОГО ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА

Our results of daily monitoring of the water temperature, hydrochemical parameters, as well as the zooplankton composition and structure in the protected overgrown and non-overgrown littoral of Berd’s Bay of the Novosibirsk reservoir are presented. The data obtained allow us to reveal differences in the daily dynamics of the water temperature, hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of littoral areas of different types. Features of the horizontal migrations of zooplankton are determined by the water overgrowing degree. Macrophytes form a special hydrochemical and hydrothermal mode and act as a refuge for both large and small zooplankton species, protecting them from predators and adverse hydrodynamic effects.

MULTIANNUAL VARIABILITY OF NOVOSIBIRSK RESERVOIR'S MORPHOMETRY

Erosion and abrasion play the main role in the relief formation and sedimentation in the basin of Novosibirsk Reservoir. These processes caused important changes of morphometric characteristics of the basin. For instance, the average thickness of accreted sediments has reached 0.94 m, the Reservoir total capacity has reduced by 1.02 km 3 , its average and maximum depth and water area have diminished notably, but average and maximum width have increased. The shoreline length, the number and area of island have changed too. The character of these changes is similar to changes in other reservoirs of this type.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EQUILIBRIUM BEACH PROFILE CALCULATION METHODS

In recent years artificial beaches are often used for coastal protection of seas and man-made lakes. Volume of nourishment depends on the shape and the length of the equilibrium beach profile. When solving a wide range of tasks different methods for equilibrium beach profile calculation are used. In this paper we make an attempt of reliability assessment of some methods currently used for calculation. We compared the natural beach profile with equilibrium beach profile calculated by different methods. Three approaches were used to calculate the shape of equilibrium beach profile: the Bruun-Dean formula, the method prescribed by Coastal Structure Construction Code, and numerical modeling by SBEACH. To obtain the source information an artificial beach at the Novosibirsk Reservoir, Russia, was chosen. This beach was constructed in 1959-1962, and replenished 25 years later. The morphometric characteristics of the beach are still almost unchanged. This allowed us to conclude that the beach profile is in equilibrium. The analysis shows that the equilibrium profile calculated by Dean’s formula gives the best agreement with the data. That is of theoretical and practice interest. It should be noted the method originally developed for the ocean coasts works well at man-made lakes. The work was supported by RFBR (projects 11-05-00615-а and 11-05-10046-к) and federal target program “Research and development on priority directions of scientific-technological complex of Russia in 2007-2013”(project 16.515.11.5075).

Экстремальный дождевой паводок 2014 года в бассейне Верхней Оби: причины, прогноз и натурные наблюдения

Forecasting of inundations caused by spring high-water periods and rainfall floods is of a great social/economic importance. Methods of short-term forecasting are of special signifi cance for solution of operative tasks connected with protection of population and material values, as well as operation of water-work facilities. Big floods at the rivers of our country are regular over the recent years: disastrous flood in Krymsk in 2012 becase of extreme rainfall flood in the Agadum River basin; flooding of vast territories in the Far East due to the rainfall flood in the Amur River basin in 2013. In 2014 heavy rainfall in the Altay foothills caused a major inundation at the Upper Ob basin rivers in Republic of Altay and Altay Kray. The article discusses the reasons of the extreme rainfall flood formation at Altay in 2014. Calculations of the rainfall flood wave propagation at the range from Fominskoye to the Novosibirsk hydro power station dam have been made on the basis of the computer model of flows in the Upper Ob beds system and operative data concerning levels at hydro observation stations. Measurements of water discharge rate at Barnaul have been made during the flood. Outcomes of the predictive computations of levels and field observations data concerning the maximal water discharge rates are discussed. A good agreement of the predicted and observed values has been obtained in terms of maximal levels at the range of the Barnaul hydro observation station. It has been demonstrated that the obtained computer model for description of the Ob River flows can be used for short-term forecasts of floodplains flooding of the Upper Ob and justification of the discharges regime from the Novosibirsk Reservoir.

Hydrocarbon composition of tropospheric aerosol in the south of Western Siberia

We considered the methodological questions: aerosol sampling on board research aircraft, extraction of an organic component, and identification of its constituent compounds. It is verified how aviation materials (kerosene, oil, hydraulic fluid) can influence the measurement data. We analyzed the composition of organic components of atmospheric aerosol, sampled in the winter-spring period of 2013 at altitudes of 500–7000 m over the southern part of the Novosibirsk reservoir. In the samples, we identified the normal-structure alkanes, cyclanes, and alkyl arenes. Cyclic saturated and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in the composition of atmospheric aerosols of Western Siberia for the first time.

Interrelations between chemical composition of water and characteristics of zooplankton in the Novosibirsk reservoir

On the basis of an analysis of the long-term data of hydrochemical and hydrobiological monitoring of the Novosibirsk reservoir, the mutual influence of the chemical composition of water and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of a zooplankton has been revealed. The influence of the hydrochemical factors on the zooplankton is related to the peculiarities of the hydrological regime of the water basin. High correlations between the quantity of zooplankton and pH values, the concentration of nitrites and nitrates, and the values of 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) are revealed.

Resources-related and water-environmental problems of the integrated use of the Novosibirsk Reservoir

The use of water resources of the Novosibirsk Reservoir by the existing water management complex is analyzed at different stages of reservoir operation. The natural and anthropogenic factors that determine the development of reservoir water resources for water supply, a priority objective now, are discussed. The problems of water quality formation in the reservoir are considered for different hydrological seasons and periods of water abundance in the major river. The major contradictions between the participants of water management system are specified. Perspective approaches for optimizing the use of water resources of the reservoir are proposed.

Ecological and toxicological assessment of water and bottom sediments in the Novosibirsk Reservoir

The toxicological state of individual parts of the Novosibirsk Reservoir was assessed with the help of bioassay tests of water and water extracts from bottom sediments with the use of two species of protococcus algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb., Chlorella vulgaris Beijer) and two species of entomostracans (Daphnia magna Straus, Ceriodaphnia affinis Lillijeborg). It was found that the Ob R. near Kamenon-Ob is more polluted in terms of water and less polluted in terms of bottom sediments, compared with those in the lower part of the reservoir. The bioassay results are in agreement with the results of benthos-based bioindication and studies of chlorophyll a and pollutant concentrations in water.

Исследование динамики потока наносов на береговой линии Новосибирского водохранилища

Исследование динамики потока наносов на береговой линии Новосибирского водохранилища