Northern Regions Of Russia Research Articles

Анализ заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями органов пищеварения

Background: malignancies are a critical issue of healthcare worldwide and rank second among leading causes of death. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer morbidity and mortality are different across national populations and even territories of one country. A set of factors affect GI cancer prevalence, e.g., social-economic, climatic geographical, ecological, behavioral, hereditary factors of the living environment, etc. Aim: was to analyze the rate of GI cancers among habitants of northern regions of Russia and its changes over five years and compare these data to the Russian population. Materials and Methods: official statistical data of the P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre (2016–2019) were used. In addition, published data on GI malignancies indexed in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. Results: a higher rate of GI cancers among populations of northern regions of Russia (more remarkable than in Russia) was reported. Standardized incidence varied from 4.84±0.63 in the Murmansk Region to 12.72±4.64 in the Chukotka autonomous region. The exclusions were the Krasnoyarsk region and Khanty-Mansy autonomous region. In these regions, the incidence was similar to all-Russian incidence. In men, GI malignancies develop several years earlier than in women, i.e., the difference varies between 1.5 years (colon cancer) and 5.6 years (pancreatic cancer). The leading malignancies in Russia are gastric cancer and colon cancer. Conclusion: cancer prevalence and risk factors in populations of northern regions of Russia provide novel modalities to improve preventive and treatment strategies for malignancies. KEYWORDS: malignancies, digestive organs, Helicobacter pylori infection, Arctic people, risk factors. FOR CITATION: German S.V., Bobrovnitskiy I.P., Balakaeva A.V. Analysis of the prevalence of gastrointestinal malignancies. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(8):525–530 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-8-525-530.

Circumstances of Formation and Functioning of Twenty-Five-Thousanders as a “Strike” Mobilization Group During the Famine-Genocide of Ukrainians in 1932–1933

The article analyzes the circumstances of formation and activity of twenty-five-thousanders as a “strike” mobilization group. These people were sent by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (CC AUCP(b)) to Ukraine to facilitate collectivization and dekulakization, which in fact meant committing the Famine-Genocide to Ukrainians in 1932–1933. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of the system approach to the analysis of the twenty-five-thousanders’ group with its structural, functional, role, and behavioral changes, and also the historical-comparative and problem-chronological methods. The research emphasizes that in the process of organizational, controlling, and propagandistic work with the local population, twenty-five-thousanders showed full incompetence and conflict-generating behavior, had no practical experience in mass organization of collective farms, and focused on implementing the “anti-kulak operation”. It is proven that to compensate for such lack of experience, the “strike” mobilization groups used their privileges and turned themselves into a universal personnel force whose potential did not correspond to the assigned powers, into ideologically “correct-minded” executors of the CC AUCP(b)’s directives aimed at committing the Famine-Genocide to Ukrainians. It is argued that the repressive, punitive, and mobilizing potential of the twenty-five-thousanders actually exhausted itself in 1933, when 85% of farms were collectivized. According to the contemporary data, during the whole period of dekulakization, actively supported by the twenty-five-thousanders, 1.5 to 2 million Ukrainians were exiled from Ukraine to Siberia and northern regions of Russia, and 300 to 500 thousand people were shot on sight as “kulaks”.

Correlation between internet-addiction and the cognitive-stylistic features of students

Introduction. The article presents the results of diagnostics of Internet-dependent behavior of students living in different climatic and geographical conditions of Russia, and reveals the correlation between the severity of Internet addiction and cognitive-style characteristics in the parameters "field-dependence / field-independence" and "impulsivity / reflexivity". Materials and Methods . The S. Chen scale was used to diagnose the severity of Internet addiction. The Gottschaldt test "included drawings" and the Kagan test "comparison of similar drawings" were used to diagnose cognitive and stylistic features. Methods of mathematical statistics: descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Chi-square criterion, Leven's criterion, student's criterion, Mann-Whitney U-criterion. Results . The overall level of Internet-dependent behavior among high school students from different regions does not significantly differ and indicates a predominance of students' propensity to develop Internet addiction. The correlation between the overall indicator of Internet-dependent behavior and the cognitive style of field-dependence / field-independence was not found. With respondents from the southern region, the severity of Internet addiction is accompanied by characteristics of an impulsive cognitive style, while with respondents from the Northern region of Russia, this pattern was not found. Discussion and Conclusions. It is suggested that individuals from the Northern and Southern regions have different responses to the conditionally pathogenic impact of the Internet in terms of the cognitive-style specificity of impulsivity / reflexivity.

Main indicators of morbidity and expected long life of the population of the northern region of Russia

This article analyzes the main indicators of the incidence and life expectancy of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) over a twenty-year period. An increase in the incidence rate of the population was revealed that exceeded the average for the country and the Far Eastern Federal District, including for oncological diseases, the level of which increased several times in the republic. The value of the indicator of life expectancy in the republic approached the average Russian level, while 20 years ago a much lower indicator was determined. In the dynamics of indicators of the morbidity of the population and life expectancy over a twenty-year period, a polynomial trend has been outlined. For example, the incidence of neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system showed a sharp increase in 2004, followed by a decrease, for diseases of the digestive system - similarly, an increase in 2001 and a subsequent decrease. This aspect requires an additional detailed study of the causes of such changes in order to be able to predict them in the future.

The population of the European North: concentration in the capitals of the regions

Four Arctic regions of the European part of Russia are considered in the article -Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions, the republics of Karelia and Komi. The paper takes the example of these regionsto consider the spatial development of regions that have actively utilized the new opportunities generated by reforms. The effect of the market reforms initiated in Russia on the spatial development of the northern regions is show. Russian northern regions are going through noticeable spatial transformations, which are revealed by the analysis of the population dynamics of the municipalities of these four regions. It is noted that the development of municipalities is determined by their distance from the capital of the region, the farther from the capital, the faster the population of the municipality decreases.The region’s capital city is developing successfully, taking in resources from the periphery, and is gradually expanding spatially, engulfing and already exerting a positive effect on nearby municipalities, while resources are drawn to them and to the capital city from more remote municipalities. As cross-border cooperation is invigorated, it is borderland municipalities with the necessary customs and transport infrastructure that turn into active zones instead of most industrial municipalities.

ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА МЯСА КОСУЛИ И ДИКОГО СЕВЕРНОГО ОЛЕНЯ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ)

The meat of wild animals is of great importance for the economy of the northern regions of Russia and occupies an important place in the diet of the local inhabitants. The hunting sector of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) provides the population with a significant amount of products from wild meat. In the region, it is allowed to use the meat of wild ungulates for food purposes (elk, reindeer, roe deer, red deer, etc.). This article discusses the issue of veterinary and sanitary examination of roe and wild reindeer meat in a comparative aspect. The study considered real organoleptic (properties of muscles in the section, texture, smell, transparency and aroma of broth), physicochemical (concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), presence of peroxidase, reaction with copper sulfate) and microbiological indicators (presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Coliform bacteria, QMAFAnM pathogenic microorganisms, including salmonella) of roe deer and wild deer meat, which were compared with the target indicators given in GOST. The material for the study was roe deer meat – 3 samples (Amginsky, Tattinsky, Churapchinsky districts), and wild reindeer brought from the Anabar national (Dolgan-Evenk) region of the Sakha Republic – 3 samples. As a result of the study, it was found that the studied samples of roe and wild deer meat meet all the requirements of regulatory documents, and that the samples under study are suitable for human consumption. It was concluded that both types of meat (roe and wild reindeer) are environmentally friendly products and may be used as an important additional source of meat for the population of the Sakha Republic.

Environmental and economic processes in the European North of Russia: Sustainability Window Analysis

Subject. The article discusses issues that arise in evaluating and monitoring the transition to sustainable development, being important aspects researchers and politicians focus on. Successful planning of future growth and decision-making are recognized to require comprehensive actions addressing economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainability. The analysis of the sustainability window seems as one of possible methods to evaluate the quality of economic growth in line with environmental and social prospects. Objectives. The study evaluates boundaries of the sustainable economic growth of the northern regions of Russia, referring to its environmental footprint and well-being of people. Methods. We applied methods of statistical and comparative analysis and evaluated boundaries of the sustainable development of regions with the sustainability window analysis. Results. The sustainability window is proved to exist for all regions of the European North of Russia, except the Republic of Komi. However, GRP grew out of the sustainability limits in certain years. The lower bound of the sustainable economic development slowly decreased until 2013, but reassumed its growth afterwards. After 2013 an expected increase in the public well-being required higher rates of economic growth. Some regions failed to ensure them. Conclusions and Relevance. The analysis of the sustainability window and the analysis of environmental efficiency gap are critically informative for specialists in charge of planning and decision-makers. The method helps use various sets of indicators and analyze various time series, thus streamlining the elaboration of economic development scenarios, conditions in line with environmental and social sustainability.

Farming on Arctic margins: Models of agricultural development in northern regions of Russia, Europe and North America

AbstractDespite harsh natural conditions and remoteness, farming is spread worldwide on Arctic margins. Russia is the leading country by area under agricultural use of the circumpolar territories. Agricultural activities in the northern regions vary from traditional ones such as semi‐nomadic reindeer breeding to technologically smart urban agriculture. These activities are geographically unequally represented, which causes significant regional differences in productivity of agricultural land and labour. Comparative analysis of these basic variables enables us to identify specific patterns of modern agricultural development and their dynamics in northern regions of Russia, comparing them with Northern European countries and North America.

Renewable energy and green construction in the Arctic

In the paper the issues on the renewable energy and green construction in the Arctic are considered. The authors analyze the premises of the green construction in the Northern territories. They propose that the Arctic could be seen as the innovative platform to test the newest technologies for construction and energy generation. The factors impacted on the industrial development are also researched. The authors assess the modern trends of the Arctic construction sphere using the data on housing development, energy consumption etc. They justify that to increase the production of thermal energy in the northern regions of Russia, the green technologies development is the most profitable and long-term. Moreover, the definition of “green technologies” includes not only wooden construction and solar panels, but also many other quite affordable technologies. In the Conclusions the results of the research are performed, including the recommendations on the green construction development considering the specificity of the Arctic territories.

О возможностях интеграции облачных инфраструктур пространственных данных и универсальных настольных географических информационных систем на примере Google Earth Engine и QGIS

The paper describes briefly content and results of experiments produced to test possibilities and effectiveness of integration and common use of the Google Earth Engine public cloud geospatial computing platform and QGIS desktop geographic information system. The experiments were focused on probation of Google Earth Engine data unloading and visualizing using QGIS graphical user interface instead of standard Web-browser-based visualizing. Final goal of the experiments was to formalize the principles of architecture of the specialized QGIS module developed by authors. The module is planned as a tool for vegetation index time-series mapping and analysis aimed on estimation of the growing season parameters (i.e., time frames, length, etc.) with 1-day time resolution. The project context is formed by long-going research collaboration devoted to the investigation of interdependencies in dynamics and change of climate parameters and parameters of vegetation cover. In earlier studies, authors detected that analysis of quantitative parameters of the changing climate in northern regions have to be conducted for spring, summer and autumn growing seasons separately, as these periods are characterized by significant differences in plant vegetating conditions. However, due to the sparseness of ground observation network in northern regions of Russia (which are discovered as the area of interest by the authors), the issue of detailed estimation of the spatial distribution and differentiation of growing season framing dates and other parameters becomes almost unresolvable. Vegetation indexes mapping and analysis can be applied to solve this problem, but implementation of cloud computing facilities is needed in the case of 1-day time resolution of initial satellite imagery used to compute vegetation indexes, due to the huge size of processed data. In such a context authors touch the issue of integration of the cloud platform computational power with the desktop GIS analysis diversity.

Potential of the increase of life expectancy in the northern regions of Russia

Potential of the increase of life expectancy in the northern regions of Russia

The analysis of drug abuse situation in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

The article presents the analysis of drug abuse situation in municipalities and districts of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (KHMAO-Yugra) in 2017-2018, as well as the dynamics of changes of the drug abuse situation in KHMAO-Yugra as a whole in 2015-2018. By 2018, the drug abuse situation in the KHMAO-Yugra improved as compared with previous years of the study period and corresponded to the "tense" level, which indicates the need to continue systematic and targeted intersectoral work aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality associated with the use of drugs and psychoactive substances in this northern region of Russia.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ЛЮПИНА УЗКОЛИСТНОГО

The paper presents the results of blue lupine variety studies by the main economic and useful features. The authors determine the efficiency of grain production of early-ripening lupine variety of Ladny in the Northern region of Russia. The research was carried out in the plant growing laboratory of the Arkhangelsk Research Institute of Agriculture located on the premises of the unitary enterprise “Kotlasskoe”. When selecting plants for testing within the Northern agricultural zone, the authors were guided by the goal to identify productive varieties of blue lupine, which could well develop under local natural conditions and the conventional system of farm production adopted in the Northern region. In the course of research, five varieties were studied: Fazan, Dikaf, Ladny (FRC “Nemchinovka”), Siderat, Nadezhda (All-Russian Lupine Research Institute). The main limiting factor in the conditions of the North is the early maturation of the variety. In the present research, the shortest growing season of 55 days for green mass and 89–110 days for grain was found with the Ladny variety. Among all the samples, the yield of green mass and dry matter was observed for late-ripening samples of Nadezhda-31.1 t/ha and 5.3 t/ha, Siderat – 46–36.7 t/ha and 36.7 t/ha, respectively. The yield of green mass in the early-ripening Ladny variety amounted to 30.0 t/ha, dry matter – 4.8 t/ha. According to the grain yield for all three years of testing, the early-ripening precocious Ladny variety ranked first with a yield of 2.00 t/ha. In 2019, the seed yield was obtained only from this variety, while the other varieties did not mature at all. The Ladny variety surpassed all the tested varieties in terms of the feed value of the green mass. In the present research, the economic efficiency of introducing the Ladny lupine variety into grain forage production was 143% as for protein yield per hectare and the profitability accounted for 326%. Thus, when selecting early-ripening varieties, the use of blue lupine for grain-forage purposes in the Subarctic zone is feasible and economically profitable.

Competitevness and justice in the life of people and enterprises in the northern regions of Russia

Competitevness and justice in the life of people and enterprises in the northern regions of Russia

New cultivar of mountain ash (Sorbus) Siberian breeding

The northern regions of Russia are characterized by a relatively poor composition of the cultural dendroflora, that due to harsh climatic conditions. To create resistant varieties, it is necessary to attract local highly winter-resistant forms and on their basis to obtain hybrids with foreign species with outstanding characteristics of economically useful traits. As a result of hybridization of the breeding form of S. sibirica with a undersized and large-fruited breeding form of S. sambucifolia was obtained the heterosic hybrid ‘Shank’ (F1 S. sambucifolia x S. sibirica) that combining valuable decorative and nutritional qualities, with ultra-fast of fruiting start and highly winter-resistant.

Methodology of the north of russia transport and technological multimodal system efficiency and reliability improvement

Research in the field of the developed theoretical and methodological provisions and scientific methods application which have a universal character in the cargo delivery by all means of transport and improving the reliability of transportation by reducing risks in the North of Russia is being carried out. This research corresponds to the "Arctic" program which was adopted by the government of Russia. The application of the modern means of mobile communication, satellite navigation, Geo-informatics, information technology is an important condition for the improvement of economic activities production management of transport companies involved in the delivery of goods to the Northern regions of Russia. Currently, process management of the cargo transportation to the Northern regions of the Russian Federation is at a low technological level, modern technical means and mathematical methods for optimizing the process are not used, the influence of climatic conditions on the process of Northern delivery goods transportation is poorly studied. On the basis of factor analysis with the use of systematic approach and the method of statistical modeling, measures for reducing risks in the essential goods transportation organization and management which appear in multimodal goods transportation and technological process to the North of Russia according to the requirements of GOST R 51901.1-2002 are determined. This made it possible to increase the reliability of the Northern delivery processes by 10–15 percent. According to the experts of the LLC "Shipping company "Vitim-Les" of Kirensk the developed method of calculating the upper beginning and ending ice phenomena confidence time limit while planning the transportation of goods of Northern delivery allowed to reduce the transportation time by 10–15%.

FORECASTING OF THE EXTREME WINTER LOW FLOW FOR THE NORILKA RIVER

The object of the study is the Norilka River, located in the North of the Krasnoyarsk territory. Only 45% of the norm of precipitation fell in the basin of the Norilka River for the period from October 2012 to May 2013, that resulting in an extremely low spring flood formation. The feeding of the large lakes that form the river flow was also limited, as dry weather set in during the summer. This caused great concern regarding the water availability of water intakes of mining and processing plant in the city of Norilsk for the winter of 2014. The situation required the solution of a complex of hydrological tasks, the main of which is the development of a forecast of minimum water consumption for the winter of 2014. The forecast was developed using relationship between area pre-winter moistening with intensity of the winter runoff depletion. Since the capacity of the ice cover can significantly affect to decrease of the river flow, the hydrological forecast takes into account the long-term air temperatures forecast for 2013-2014 winter period. It was obtained the forecast that the minimum monthly discharge for April would be at about 22 m3/s, meanwhile daily discharge 20 m3/s. The received results were a basis for carrying out the measures directed on maintenance of steady water supply with need discharge in 7 m3/s. The low ground dam below water intakes was arranged at backwater on a site of water intakes for August-September 2013. The actual flow discharge for April 2014 was about 14 m3/s. Therefore, the construction of the dam was justified and interruptions of water supply of the plant did not happen. The methodological approaches applied to the solution of this problem can be useful in case of similar situations in the Northern regions of Russia.

«Taz robbery» in the retelling of the Chorographic drawing book

The historical and geographical description of the most northern regions of Russia is still a poorly understood topic. The article analyzes historical material concerning the Tazovsky Peninsula (Western Siberia) presented in the cartographic source of the 17thcentury Chorographic drawing book of outstanding cartographer Semen Remezov. The authors reveal the peculiarities of the creation of the entire book as a whole and of the drawing itself, which had direct office sources. Identification of areas of historical events mentioned at the source, was carried out by means of comparing toponymic information in the source with modern data. As a result, it became possible not only to reconstruct the events outlined by the author of the drawing, but also to establish their spatial localization, which make possible detailed historical and archaeological research.

The System of Energy Security in the Russian Northern Regions

The objectives of article are to study the foundations and conceptual approaches to ensuring energy security, to disclose the essence, principles of energy policy in the field of ensuring energy security as an integral part of the economic security of the state (region), to analyze the existing methods for evaluating energy security, and to offer a conceptual approach to the formation of a system for ensuring the region’s energy security with regard to the specificity of energy functioning in the Far North of Russia. Based on the study of theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to ensuring regional energy security are proposed: the development and adoption of a concept for ensuring energy security in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); the author's definition of the concept of the ‘region’s energy security’; an improved conceptual approach to the development of a system for ensuring the region’s energy security; a structural scheme for the organization and effective management of the energy security system in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Analysis of the regional modernization processes in a global context with an example of the Russian northern regions

The socio-economic and technological development of the northern regions of Russia, in the context of the modernization of the world is analysed. The regions are particularly vulnerable to external shocks because they do not have their own development resources. The modernization is seen as a sequence of primary and secondary stages of upgrading or modernization of an integrated carried out in developing countries. The absolute and relative modernization of indicators is used to determine the ranking of the region in the global context. The absolute value of the index is the indicator value of the developed European countries. It is concluded that by the end of the first decade of the twentifirst century all the northern regions of Russia have not reached a level of development at which there were 18 industrialized countries in the early 1960s.The knowledge economy in Moscow (86% of the level in developed countries), St. Petersburg (78%), the Nizhny Novgorod region (68%) is developed. All other regions of Russia are far from the three leaders. The divergence of indicators modernization is increasing. The growth rate of Arctic regions was in the two times higher than the world over the last decade, but the development of the northern regions of Russia lags behind and is concentrated in a small number of regions receiving income from the unusually high oil prices. In connection with this made possible the growth of the social component of modernization, but technological and institutional modernization was not happen.