Normal Blood Glucose Levels Research Articles

Perbandingan Jumlah Trombosit pada Pasien COVID-19 dengan Kadar Glukosa yang Berbeda

Hyperglycemia has increased arachidonic acid thromboxane which is an effective ingredient in platelet activation. Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients occurs through a variety of mechanisms, such as uncontrolled production of cytokines destroying bone marrow progenitor cells, direct inhibition of hematopoiesis viral infection of the bone marrow, increase in autoantibodies and immune complexes that cause platelet destruction, and lung injury that causes platelet aggregation and consumption of platelets so that platelets in the circulation are reduced. Objectives: To analyzed the ratio of platelet counts in COVID-19-positive patients who had different blood glucose levels. Methods: This research used secondary data, with types of analytical observational research as well as comparative study approaches. Statistical tests were conducted using an independent samples t-test with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The average platelet count was normal, but a low platelet count of 3.30% was obtained with normal blood glucose levels and a high platelet count of 2.20% with normal blood glucose levels, with a significance value of platelet count with normal blood glucose levels of 0.790 and platelet counts with blood glucose levels above normal which is 0.791 with a confidence level of 95%. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the platelet count in COVID-19 patients with normal and above normal blood glucose levelsKeywords: blood glucose, platelets, COVID-19

Erythrina subumbrans leaves extracts improved Diabetic condition by reducing MDA and 8-OHDG on Rat model

Erythrina subumbrans, commonly known as DadapDuri, have been used to treat diabetes by people in the West Sumatra region. This study was designed to determine E.subumbransextract on blood glucose and MDA levels in diabetic Wistar rats induced by low-dose Streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. Type II Diabetes Mellitus rats induced by High-fat diet (HFD) and followed by two times injection of a combination of Nicotinamide (110mg/kg BW) and low-dose Streptozotocin (40mg/kg BW). The rat was randomized and then divided into six groups (n=4). Diabetic rats were treated with E. subumbransextract orally in doses of 50, 100, and 200mg/200gBW once daily for three weeks. Metformin (90mg/200gBW, orally) was used as the reference drug. Blood glucose levels were measured every 7th day using a glucometer for three weeks of treatment. After treatment, the serum MDA and 8-OHdG were calculated. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test were performed on the last day of treatment. E. subumbransextract at a dose of 200mg/200gBW administered orally significantly (P < 0.05) could lower and normalize blood glucose levels compared to the Negative control group. The decrease in serum MDA and 8-OHdG levels during E. subumbransextract treatment at dose 3 was significantly different (P 0.05) than the HFD/STZ-NA control group. In this study, it can be concluded that E. subumbransleaves show promising hypoglycemic action and antioxidant effects starting at doses of 200mg/200gBW.

Elevated fasting glucose level increases the risk of fatty liver disease: a 10-year study of 31,154 individuals

ObjectivesDysglycemia promotes the occurrence of fatty liver disease (FLD). However, the process is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the median time-to-onset, cumulative prevalence and influencing factors for the occurrence of FLD in people undergoing routine screening and evaluation.MethodsData from Karamay Central Hospital (September 2008–April 2017) were analyzed. Survival analysis was performed to calculate the median time and cumulative prevalence of FLD associated with normal and elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine risk factors.ResultsA total of 31,154 participants were included in the two cohorts of this study, including 15,763 men. The mean age was 41.1 ± 12.2 years. There were 2230 patients (1725 male) in the elevated FBG group, the median age was 53 years (range 21–85 years), the median time-to-onset of FLD was 5.2 years. The incidence of FLD was 121/1000 person-years, and the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year prevalence rates were 4%, 30%, 49%, and 64%, respectively. The normal FBG group included 28,924 participants (14,038 male), the median age was 40 years (range 17–87 years), and the corresponding values were as follows: 8.3 years, 66/1000 person-years, and 3%, 16%, 28%, and 41%, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that age, blood pressure, FBG, body mass index and triglycerides were independent influencing factors for FLD in individuals (P < 0.05).ConclusionsElevated FBG levels increase the risk of FLD and should be treated promptly.

Green biosynthesis of berberine-mediated silver nanorods: Their protective and antidiabetic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Poor control of blood glucose levels remains a serious challenge for diabetic patients. Silver nanoparticles were employed as antidiabetic agents due to their unique biological capabilities in growing insulin levels in diabetic animal models. In this study, a cost-effective and eco-friendly process for the production of silver nanorods (AgNRs) is described, and berberine extract has been successfully employed as a capping and reduction agent using an innovative method of green chemistry. UV–vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were employed to characterize AgNRs. The objective of the current research was to treat or avoid hyperglycemia in rats caused by streptozotocin. Therefore, 25 male albino rats were split into five categories: Healthy control rats; diabetic rats untreated; diabetic rats treated with Glimepiride as a standard drug; diabetic rats treated with AgNRs; rats treated with AgNRs before being streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The diabetic group getting AgNRs exhibited significantly lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) readings than the diabetic control group (p < 0.001). The effects of AgNRs were also tested on serum lipid profile levels, which serve as an important biomarker in diabetes. Significantly, Ag NRs were found to improve lipid metabolism in the diabetic rats' group (p < 0.001). Additionally, pre-treatment with AgNRs was found to maintain normal blood glucose and lipid profile levels in rats receiving streptozotocin (p < 0.001). Together, these findings show a novel potential protective and anti-diabetic impact, which may be applied in designing novel future therapies for treating DM.

Lipaemia retinalis in hyperlipidemia, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

A 52-year-old male patient presented with a chief complaint of diminution of vision over the past two months. He is a known case of type -2 diabetes mellitus for 25 years but has not been taking his medication regularly. Ocular examination revealed visual acuity of 6/18 in both the eyes, xanthelasma, arcus senilis, posterior segment examination revealed creamy white discolouration of the retinal vessels. Routine blood investigation revealed high level of triglycerides (1550 mg/dl), cholesterol (615 mg/dl), LDL-C 10 mg/dl, HDL-C (187 mg/dl), and with HBA1C of 14.4%. Hence, diagnosed this case as lipaemia retinalis. The patient was referred to a physician for treatment, and after treating with statins, lipid-lowering therapy, and blood sugar control, the patient was reviewed every month; six months later, the patient had normal retinal vessels and improved visual acuity, in addition to normal triglyceride, cholesterol, and blood glucose levels.

Case Report: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis led by empagliflozin: A case report and literature review

Introduction: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new class of medications that have been approved for the treatment of heart failure (HF) in patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus. It is important to be aware of the likely side effects of SGLT2i for their optimal use and enhanced patient safety. One such rare but potential side effect is the development of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA). Objective: We present a case report of EDKA, in a patient who was started on empagliflozin – one of the SGLT2i – highlighting its presenting signs and symptoms, pertinent laboratory findings, differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome. To strengthen our findings and hypothesis, we conducted a literature review of other cases that used SGLT2i and found similar complications. This case report with review can help recognize the serious, potentially life-threatening complications of the new class of medication SGLT2i that has been incorporated into the current practice, and also help to take appropriate steps to mitigate its adverse effects and improve overall health outcomes in our patients. Conclusions: SGLT2i are increasingly used because of their favorable effects on mortality in the chronic HF patients along with its benefits of weight loss and blood pressure reduction. A potential underdiagnosed adverse effect of SGLT2i use is diabetic ketoacidosis in a setting of normal blood glucose levels. Thus, it is reasonable to be cognizant of its side effects to prevent any untoward events in a timely manner.

GAMBARAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH SEWAKTU PADA LANSIA DI DESA ADAT TAMPUAGAN KECAMATAN KARANGASEM KABUPATEN KARANGASEM

Background: The aging process is a factor that causes a decrease in pancreatic function cells and insulin secretion in the elderly. As a result of this aging process, the risk of increased blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance will be higher.Purpose: This study aimed to find out the description of random blood glucose levels in the elderly in the Traditional Village of Tampuagan, Karangasem District, Karangasem Regency.Method: The type of research used is descriptive research with simple random sampling techniques. The sample used 39 samples obtained through interviews and checking random blood gluc.ose levels while using the glucose oxidase method using the POCT toolResult: Obtained the highest random blood glucose levels of respondents who had normal random blood glucose levels. Based on characteristics found most in the age range of 60-74 years, female gender, and no history of DM.Conclusion: The description of blood glucose levels in the elderly in the Traditional Village of Tampuagan, Karangasem District, Karangasem Regency, mostly have normal blood glucose levels. Keywords: Random Blood Glucose, Elderly, POCT.

Predictors of the Need to Use Medications in the Management of Neonatal Hypoglycemia.

Background and objective Neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) is one of the most common causes of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Persistent NH despite adequate feeding and intravenous dextrosemay often require medications to maintain normal blood glucose levels (BGL). Several medications are used in the management of persistent NH, such as glucagon, diazoxide, and octreotide. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors that predict the need for medications to treat persistent NH. Methods This was a retrospective cohort studyconducted at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Muscat, Oman. Infants admitted to the NICU between 2015 and 2019 with hypoglycemia (capillary blood glucose <2.6 mmol/l) were eligible to be included in the study. A prespecified dataset was collected from electronic patientrecords, including birth weight (BW), APGAR scores, gestational age, BGL, maternal risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, or antenatal use of medications, and the NICU management during admission. Data analysis was performed usingSPSS Statistics for Windows, version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 89 neonates were admitted due to NH during the study period. Of them, 10 (11.2%) patients had received medication (diazoxide). Use of medication for persistent NH was significantly associated with maternal gestational diabetes/diabetes mellitus (GDM/DM) status (p=0.041), higher BW (p=0.001), and large for gestational age [LGA (defined as BW >90th percentile)] (p=0.014), severe hypoglycemia (mean glucose level of 1-1.5 mmol/l) at two hours of life and at admission, and elevated maximum glucose infusion rate (GIR). GIR for the medication-requiring cohort was 12.95 mg/kg/min and that for the non-medication-requiring cohort was 6.77 mg/kg/min (p<0.001). Conclusion Based on our findings, the need for using certain medications to treat persistent NH, such as diazoxide in neonates admitted with NH, can be predicted byfactors such as maternal GDM/DM status, BW >90th percentile, very low BGL at two hours of age and on admission, and elevated GIR. Elevated maximum GIR was a leading indicator for using medications in the treatment of NH.

Production of α-Amylase Inhibitors of Aspergillus RD2 from Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) as Diabetes Drug

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by above normal blood glucose levels. A α-amylase inhibitors have inhibitory activity against α-amylase enzymes and cause decrease in glucose absorption. Dewandaru (E. uniflora L.) has the potential to produce compounds capable of controlling blood glucose levels. Aspergillus RD2 from twigs of the Dewandaru plant is expected to be able to produce antidiabetic compounds. This study aimed to determine the ability of the Aspergillus RD2 to produce α-amylase inhibitors by determining the production time, extracting α-amylase inhibitor compounds, testing the activity of the supernatant αα-amylase inhibitor and ethyl acetate extract with various concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and GC-MS analysis. The results showed the Aspergillus RD2 was able to produce αα-amylase inhibitors with an inhibitory activity of 59.71%. The incubation time of the Aspergillus RD2 in producing the highest α-amylase inhibitor was on the 7th day. The highest α-amylase inhibitor activity was at a concentration of 6% extract with an inhibition percentage of 82.79%. 9-Octadecenoic acid, 9-Octadecenal and n-Hexadecanoic acid were identified as having α-amylase inhibitor and antidiabetic activity. Aspergillus RD2 is able to produce α-amylase inhibitor compounds that have the potential to be used as antidiabetic drugs.

A novel SLC5A2 heterozygous variant in a family with familial renal glucosuria

Familial renal glucosuria (FRG) is characterized by persistent glucosuria despite normal blood glucose levels in the absence of overt tubular dysfunction. SGLT2 is a sodium-glucose cotransporter expressed in the proximal tubule; loss-of-function variants in SLC5A2 are the primary cause of FRG. Heterozygous variants have rarely been reported in Japanese individuals. Here, we identified a novel SLC5A2 heterozygous variant, c.1348G>T: p.Gly450Trp, in a Japanese family comprising two children and their father.

Features of BSCL2 related congenital generalized lipodystrophy in China: long-term follow-up of three patients and literature review.

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a group of rare autosomal inherited diseases characterized by a widespread loss of adipose tissue. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the features of Chinese patients with CGL2. Three patients diagnosed with CGL2 from our center were reviewed. Data on clinical features, results of laboratory analyses, and previous treatments were retrospectively collected. This study also reviewed studies thatreported patients diagnosed with CGL2 in the last 30years. All patients presented a lack of subcutaneous fat,hypertriglyceridemia, reversed triangular faces, acanthosis nigricans, and hepatomegaly within the first six months of life. All three patients developed splenomegaly, and mental retardation in later life. Dietary control dramatically lowered triglyceride levels in all patients. One patient presented with diabetes mellitus at 1year-old.Although combined therapy with low fat diet and metformin maintained normal levels of blood lipid and glucose, this patient developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at the age of three. By a literature review on all Chinese cases with CGL2, it is known that classic manifestations such as hypertriglyceridemia, hepatomegaly and diabetes mellitus can occur shortly after birth, andearly diagnosis and treatment can improve quality oflife. In this cohort, the most frequent variations are c.782dupG and c.974dup in the BSCL2 gene. However, the same genotype may have different clinical phenotypes inpatients with CGL2. This study not only described the clinical and genetic features of three patients with CGL2 in China, but also reviewed literature about CGL2 around the world.

Perception of exodontia among dentists – A questionnaire survey

Aim: &#x0D; The aim and objective of the study is to assess the most difficult tooth to extract and the frequent complications faced by the dentists during dental extraction, the instruments used for extraction of upper and lower third molar, and the preference of antibiotics and analgesic by the dentists.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: &#x0D; A survey had been conducted among 50 dentists to assess the perception of exodontia. Questionnaire survey which includes nine questions. The analysis was statistically analyzed and represented with bar graph diagram.&#x0D; Results: &#x0D; Among 50 dentists, 13 dentists (P = 0.069) that the most difficult tooth to extract according to them was upper left second molar and another 13 dentists (P = 0.069) opted that upper left third molar was the most difficult tooth to extract. Root fracture is the most common complication according the dentists conducted in the survey (P = 0.015). Cryers are mostly been selected during the extraction of upper third molar (P = 0.126) and Coupland elevators are mostly used for exodontia of lower third molar (P = 0.713). The normal blood glucose level range to select patients for extraction lies mostly on 70–110 mg/dL where 41 dentists among 50 of them opted for this range (P = 0.152).&#x0D; Conclusion:&#x0D; Our study answers the difficulties and common questionable issues that arise in dental extraction. Awareness must be created about the medical issues like normal blood pressure range among dentists to be increased.

Mechanisms of drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Mechanisms of drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Salivary Calcium Level and Its Correlation with Salivary pH, Salivary Volume, and Calcium Intake in Hypertensive Female Patients with Different Blood Sugar Levels.

This study aimed to evaluate the salivary calcium level and its correlation with salivary pH, salivary volume, and calcium intake in hypertensive female patients with different blood sugar levels. This cross-sectional study included 49 female subjects with hypertension. Subjects were divided into three groups based on the HbA1c test: normal, prediabetes, and diabetes. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected using the spitting method. Salivary calcium levels were evaluated using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Salivary pH was obtained using a universal indicator pH paper test. Calcium intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare salivary parameters and total calcium intake within study groups. Spearman rank correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between salivary calcium levels and all variables in the study. No significant difference in salivary calcium, volume, pH, and total calcium intake was observed within the study groups. However, a significant correlation was found between salivary calcium levels and salivary pH in hypertensive females with normal blood glucose levels. Moreover, salivary calcium levels have a significant correlation with systolic blood pressure in prediabetes and diabetes groups. This study found a decrease in all salivary parameters (calcium, pH, and volume) as well as a low calcium intake in hypertensive females, despite no significant difference found in groups with different blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels appeared to be a confounder in the relationship between salivary calcium with salivary pH and systolic blood pressure.

ODP183 Diabetic Ketoacidosis Precipitated by Ketogenic Diet and SGLT-2 Inhibitor Use in an Individual with T2DM

Abstract Background SGLT-2 inhibitors have been associated with increased risk of ketoacidosis even with normal blood glucose levels. A ketogenic diet is a low-carb, high-fat diet which has recently gained popularity for weight loss by producing a state of ketosis. We present this case to emphasize the risk of ketoacidosis in patients on SGLT-2 inhibitors and a ketogenic diet. Clinical Case A 48-year-old woman with a 16-year history of T2DM presented to the ER with a 3-day history of upper abdominal cramping and headaches, decreased urine output, and progressively worsening nausea and vomiting. Her glycated hemoglobin level was 9.4% (n: 4-6%) and her blood glucose readings were not elevated during this time. Other medical issues include dyslipidemia, transaminitis and hypertension. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She takes glimepiride 0.5 mg daily and canagliflozin was added approximately 1.5 weeks prior to presentation. She was on a ketogenic diet. A few days prior to these symptoms she was in the process of moving out of her home, spending long days physically exerting herself. On exam she was in mild distress with dry mucous membranes. Vitals showed tachycardia (119BPM) but otherwise were stable. Labs revealed that she was severely acidotic with an anion gap of &amp;gt;27 and pH &amp;lt; 6.9 (n: 7.34-7.43), with urinalysis positive for ketones (2+, n: negative), protein (3+, n: negative), and glucose (3+, n: negative). Complete blood count showed leukocytosis (WBC: 18,000, n: 4. 00-12. 00*10 3 /mcL). Complete metabolic panel showed hyponatremia (130, n: 136-145mmol/L), elevated glucose (305, n: 70-99,g/dL), and low bicarbonate (&amp;lt;5, n: 22-30mmol/L). A chest X-ray, lumbar puncture and CT of head and abdomen were unrevealing. She was admitted to the ICU for treatment of suspected DKA with severe acidosis and hypovolemia. She was hydrated with IV fluids and was started on an insulin drip according to DKA protocol. Her anion gap closed in 22 hours. The patient spent 3 days in the ICU and 1 day on general floor before discharge on home medications and was advised to follow up with endocrinology. At follow up 2 months later her C-peptide was 2.14 (0.78-5.19 ng/mL) and GAD65 antibody assay was 0. 00 (&amp;lt;0. 02 nmol/L), the SGLT-2 inhibitor was discontinued, and she was instead started on a GLP-1 agonist. Conclusion The mechanism behind DKA with SGLT-2 inhibitor use involves glycosuria and volume depletion, lowering the insulin-to-glucagon ratio, while stimulating lipolysis. The addition of a low carbohydrate or ketogenic diet produces a state of ketosis as fat is utilized for energy and ketones are produced, further promoting DKA. With increased use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with and without diabetes mellitus extreme caution should be exercised in prescribing SGLT-2 inhibiters in a patient on a low carbohydrate diet. Presentation: No date and time listed

RF04 | PSUN298 Loss of β-Cell Glut2 Does Not Affect Systemic Glucose Homeostasis in Mice

Abstract Contribution of β-cell GLUT2 to systemic glucose homeostasis remains controversial in humans. For example, recent publications indicate that GLUT2 is not a major glucose transporter in β-cells in humans and therefore may not be involved in regulating systemic glucose homeostasis, which is in strong contrast to its previously assumed contribution to influencing systemic glucose balance. Although global Glut2 knockout mice develop diabetes, the contribution of β-cell Glut2 toward this phenotype is unknown. To determine the role of β-cell Glut2 in systemic glucose homeostasis, we crossed Glut2LoxP/LoxP mice with INSCreERT2 mouse strain to obtain mice that will potentially lack Glut2 specifically in β-cells (β-Glut2 KO) after administration of tamoxifen (100 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for five days) to induce the Cre-Lox recombination. We measured 6 h fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and glucose-induced insulin secretion in the β-Glut2 KO mice. We observed that the KO mice had normal fasting blood glucose levels (male: 194.2 ±9.3 vs 192.0 ±3.5; female: 177.3 ±8.5 vs 157.3 ±9.8 mg/dL, Control vs. β-Glut2 KO). Similarly, the β-Glut2 KO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance following oral administration of 60 mg glucose (Area under the curve for glucose tolerance, male: 39,911 ±1,632 vs. 39,633 ±1,275; female: 47,321 ±3,294 vs. 43,673 ±2,677 mg/dL*min, Control vs. β-Glut2 KO). Moreover, the KO mice had normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (baseline fasting plasma insulin levels: male - 0.84 ±0.14 vs. 0.5 ±0.01; female - 0.45 ±0.09 vs 0.48 ±0.1; plasma insulin levels 20 min. after oral glucose administration: male - 2.39 ±0.13 vs 2.48 ±0.51; female - 1.63 ±0.3 vs 1.11 ±0.12 ng/ml, Control vs. β-Glut2 KO). We had validated the loss of β-cell Glut2 using mRNA in situ hybridization. Altogether, our findings indicate that β-cell Glut2 is not essential for regulating systemic glucose homeostasis in mice, which was also observed recently with human β-cells. Therefore, the currently assumed major role of β-cell GLUT2 in directly influencing blood glucose levels needs to be reexamined to better understand the pathophysiology of impaired glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:30 p.m. - 1:35 p.m., Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

LBODP031 Evaluation Of Artifactual Hypoglycemia: A Case-based Review

Abstract Background Artifactual Hypoglycemia (AH), is defined as a discrepancy between the measured and actual blood glucose level. The absence of classical symptoms of hypoglycemia in patients with low measured glucose levels should raise the suspicion of AH. Here we describe a case of AH in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Clinical Case A 47-year-old woman was hospitalized for the evaluation of a four-month history of headache, anorexia, and weight loss. After further workup, she was diagnosed with CML; and upon evaluation, she was found to have a very low serum glucose level of 22 mg/dL. She reported no symptoms of hypoglycemia at the time and no personal or family history of diabetes. She was not using any glucose-lowering medication. Physical examination findings, including vital signs, were unremarkable. Laboratory studies revealed a serum glucose of 22 mg/dL with a simultaneous point-of-care (POC) capillary glucose level of 81 mg/dL. This discrepancy in glucose levels raised the suspicion of artifactual hypoglycemia. To further explore this, we drew three simultaneous venous blood samples and processed them differently to examine the impact of sample processing on serum glucose level in this patient. Two samples were drawn in tubes with no antiglycolytic agent (one sample was centrifuged immediately after the blood draw, and the second one was processed 5 hours after the blood draw). Whereas, the third sample was drawn in a tube containing sodium fluoride, an inhibitor of aerobic glycolysis, and was processed after one hour of the blood draw. Glucose concentrations in the three samples were as follows: 79 mg/dl, 41.4 mg/dl, and 77.4 mg/dl, respectively. The diagnosis of artifactual hypoglycemia due to excessive glucose consumption by leukocytes was established based on the findings of normal capillary blood glucose and normal plasma glucose levels when a tube prefilled with a glycolysis inhibitor is used. Conclusion Artifactual hypoglycemia should be considered in patients with asymptomatic hypoglycemia, especially when there is a discrepancy between the capillary and venous glucose levels. Patients with marked leukocytosis can have artifactually low serum glucose, an erroneous finding that can be mitigated by a) rapid processing of the blood sample or b) utilization of tubes pre-filled with a glycolysis inhibitor. Presentation: No date and time listed

Wound healing in db/db mice with type 2 diabetes using non-contact exposure with an argon non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet device.

A non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) may stimulate cells and tissues or result in cell death depending on the intensity of plasma at the target; therefore, we herein investigated the effects of non-thermal plasma under non-contact conditions on the healing of full-thickness wounds in diabetic mice (DM+ group) and normal mice (DM- group). A hydrogen peroxide colorimetric method and high performance liquid chromatography showed that APPJ produced low amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6j mice with normal blood glucose levels (DM- group) and 10-week-old male C57BLKS/J Iar-+Leprdb/+Leprdb mice (DM+ group) received two full-thickness cutaneous wounds (4 mm in diameter) on both sides of the dorsum. Wounds were treated with or without the plasma jet or argon gas for 1 minute and were then covered with a hydrocolloid dressing (Hydrocolloid), according to which mice were divided into the following groups: DM+Plasma, DM+Argon, DM+Hydrocolloid, DM-Plasma, DM-Argon, and DM-Hydrocolloid. Exudate weights, wound areas, and wound area ratios were recorded every day. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to assess re-epithelialization and α-SMA immunohistological staining to evaluate the formation of new blood vessels. Non-thermal plasma under non-contact conditions reduced the production of exudate. Exudate weights were smaller in the DM+Plasma group than in the DM+Hydrocolloid and DM+Argon groups. The wound area ratio was smaller for plasma-treated wounds, and was also smaller in the DM+Plasma group than in the DM+Hydrocolloid and DM+Argon groups on days 1–21 (p<0.01). Wound areas were smaller in the DM-Plasma group than in the DM-Argon group until day 14 and differences were significant on days 1–5 (p<0.01). The percentage of re-epithelialization was significantly higher in the DM+Plasma group than in the DM+Argon and DM+Hydrocolloid groups (p<0.01). The number of new blood vessels that had formed by day 7 was significantly higher in the DM+Plasma group than in the DM+Hydrocolloid and DM+Argon groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that treatment with the current non-thermal plasma APPJ device under non-contact conditions accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice.

A Study of Platelet Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study Design

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the reactivity of platelet parameters in a patient suffering from Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Place and duration of study: The study is conducted at Pak International Medical College Hayatabad Peshawar (PIMC) during march 2021 march 2022. Material and Method: Cross sectional hospital based study design is carried out on 300 diabetic patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus which is considered as a test group and compared with 300 normal blood glucose levels containing individuals which is considered as a control group. The blood samples of diabetes patients are analyzed under automated Hematology analyzer Sysmex XN-1000 and complete blood count of patients is analyzed with platelet parameters. Statistical software uses for the research test evaluation is SPSS Version 24. Results: The mean age in year of diabetic patients in this research study is 54.2+5.9 years and control group of patients having age in years is 54.5+ 5.3 years. Most of the sample patients in this study are suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, the number of males both in test and control group is 335(55.83%) and total number of females is 265(44.1%). In an Overall 300 patients lies in test group in this study, 127 are suffering from any other co-morbid conditions while 173 case samples are not suffering from any complicated state. Platelet parameters also compared between diabetic patients having complications or no complications, Mean of platelet indices are seen higher in diabetic patients having some other complications. The higher values of MPV, PDW and PLCR serve as an indicator in the initial complications of diabetes mellitus in humans and consider as a basic and inexpensive tool to analyze the vascular diseases and its related consequences. Conclusion: According to our study larger platelet formation and increase in volume of platelet indices causing prothrombotic state in diabetic patients and also develop diabetic vascular complications in an individual. Platelet parameters are considered as vital, clear, easy and non-expensive ways to analyze the thrombotic state in vascular disorders in diabetes patients. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hematological findings, Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, Mean platelet volume.

Lipid biosynthesis enzyme Agpat5 in AgRP-neurons is required for insulin-induced hypoglycemia sensing and glucagon secretion

The counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia that restores normal blood glucose levels is an essential physiological function. It is initiated, in large part, by incompletely characterized brain hypoglycemia sensing neurons that trigger the secretion of counterregulatory hormones, in particular glucagon, to stimulate hepatic glucose production. In a genetic screen of recombinant inbred BXD mice we previously identified Agpat5 as a candidate regulator of hypoglycemia-induced glucagon secretion. Here, using genetic mouse models, we demonstrate that Agpat5 expressed in agouti-related peptide neurons is required for their activation by hypoglycemia, for hypoglycemia-induced vagal nerve activity, and glucagon secretion. We find that inactivation of Agpat5 leads to increased fatty acid oxidation and ATP production and that suppressing Cpt1a-dependent fatty acid import into mitochondria restores hypoglycemia sensing. Collectively, our data show that AgRP neurons are involved in the control of glucagon secretion and that Agpat5, by partitioning fatty acyl-CoAs away from mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and ATP generation, ensures that the fall in intracellular ATP, which triggers neuronal firing, faithfully reflects changes in glycemia.