Normal Body Mass Index Group Research Articles

Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women based on a retrospective cohort

To investigate the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity as defined by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women based on a retrospective cohort. Women registered via the Free Pre-pregnancy Health Check (FPHC) program from 2017 to 2019 in Hunan Province, China, were included to the study cohort. The data regarding maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and infant characteristics were retrieved from the surveillance system of the FPHC program. Logistic regressions were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess the associations between pre-pregnancy BMIs and the outcomes. Among a total of 398,368 women, 54,238 (13.62%) were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), 51,251 (12.87%) were overweight (24.0 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2), and 10,399 (2.61%) were obese (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2). Underweight occurred more commonly in the 20–24 years old (17.98%), Han Chinese (13.89), college-educated (16.09%), rural (13.74%), and teacher/public servant/office clerk (16.09%) groups. Obesity occurred more often in the older than 35-year-old (4.48%), minority (3.64%), primary school or below (4.98%), urban (3.06%), and housewife (3.14%) groups (P < 0.001). Compared with the normal BMI group, underweight was associated with increased risk of low birth weight (LBW) (AOR = 1.25) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) (AOR = 1.11), but protected against gestational hypertensive disorder (GHD) (AOR = 0.85), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (AOR = 0.69), macrosomia (AOR = 0.67), post-term pregnancy (AOR = 0.76), and cesarean-section (AOR = 0.81). Overweight and obesity were associated with increased risk of GHD (AOR = 1.28, 2.47), GDM (AOR = 1.63, 3.02), preterm birth (AOR = 1.18, 1.47), macrosomia (AOR = 1.51, 2.11), large-for-gestational age (LGA) (AOR = 1.19, 1.35), post-term pregnancy (AOR = 1.39, 1.66), and cesarean- section (AOR = 1.60, 2.05). Pre-pregnancy underweight is relatively common in Hunan Province, China. Pre-pregnancy underweight to some extent is associated with better maternal outcomes, but it has certain adverse effects on neonatal outcomes. Pre-pregnancy overweight, especially obesity, has a substantial adverse effect on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.

Association Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Patients With Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Some studies have suggested that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) concomitant with obesity have better clinical outcomes than normal-weight patients with T2DM. We evaluated associations among obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, and mortality in elderly patients with T2DM without CVD. This retrospective observational study from 2009 to 2017, with a mean follow-up of 7.26 years, included 249 903 elderly (≥ 65 years) patients with T2DM and no preexisting CVD from the Korean National Health Information Database. We categorized subjects according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and analyzed a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause death using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, adjusting for baseline covariates. The incidence rate of composite primary outcomes was 30.95/1000 person-years. The primary outcome risk had an L-shaped and a U-shaped association with BMI and WC, respectively. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, the risk of primary composite outcomes in the highest BMI group (≥ 30 kg/m2; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.824; 95% CI, 0.794-0.855) was lower than in the normal BMI group (≥ 18.5 and < 23 kg/m2). Conversely, that in the highest WC group (≥ 100 cm/≥ 95 cm; men/women; HR = 1.434; 95% CI, 1.384-1.486) was higher than in the normal WC group (< 90 cm/< 85 cm; men/women). Our study with elderly patients with diabetes results suggest that while BMI is an inadequate risk indicator for outcomes related to obesity, WC is a suitable alternative.

Comparative Study of Clinical Manifestations and Sleep Structure in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome with Different BMI

To compare and analyze the clinical manifestations and sleep structure of children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopneasyndrome (OSAHS) with different body mass index (BMI). 452 children who were diagnosed with OSAHS between December 2016 and February 2021 by the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University were included in the study. All of them did polysomnography (PSG). They were divided, according to their BMI, into the normal BMI group, the overweight group, and the obesity group. Their clinical data and PSG results were collected. 287 boys (63.5%) and 165 girls (36.5%) were enrolled, with their age ranging between 3 and 15, and the median age being 5.5 (4.5, 7.0). Their BMI ranged between 12.09 kg/m 2 and 38.48 kg/m 2, with the median being 16.29 kg/m 2. 275 cases (60.8%) had normal BMI, 76 cases (16.8%) were overweight, and 101 cases (22.3%) were obese. There was no significant difference in the distribution of clinical manifestations and severity of OSAHS among the three groups. The duration and proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) stage sleep in the obese group was lower than that of the overweight and the normal BMI groups ( P<0.05). The lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation (LSaO 2) of children in the overweight group was lower than that of the normal BMI group ( P=0.050). The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) of the obese group was higher than that of the normal BMI and the overweight groups ( P<0.05). Obesity worsens the degree of hypoxia in children with OSAHS and affects their sleep structure.

Association between Body Mass Index and Type of Infection on the Severity of Dengue Infection in Bengkulu City, Indonesia

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Dengue virus infection is a serious global health problem. The incidence has increased rapidly within the last 50 years. The clinical manifestations vary from Dengue Fever (DF), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), to Dengue Shock Syndrome (SSD). Some of the influencing factors are the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the type of dengue infection. The study aimed to determine the association between BMI and type of infection on the severity of dengue infection in adulthood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The study used a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 39 patients diagnosed with dengue infection and fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling. The data analysis used was the Spearman correlation test. Data collection was conducted by distributing research form which cover sample characteristics, BMI values, clinical manifestations, types of infection and the severity of dengue infection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The total of subject obtained was 37 respondents (23 male and 14 female). The average BMI value was 24.65 ± 5.08. The most common clinical manifestations were fever (100%), nausea/vomiting (91.8%), headache (89.1%), myalgia (89.1%), and arthralgia (72.9%). Most cases of dengue infection were in the normal BMI group and the highest degree of severity was DD. There was a significant relationship with a fairly strong correlation value between BMI and dengue severity (p=0.003; r=0.478). However, there was no significant relationship between the type of infection (p=0.987; r=0.03) with the level of dengue severity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Knowing the risk factors as predictors of dengue severity is very necessary in order to handle dengue infection quickly and accurately.&lt;/p&gt;

Prevalence of High Body Mass Index in Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Its Correlation of Disease Severity

▪BackgroundChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD), particularly those with the homozygous form designated HbSS, have frequently been reported to suffer from impaired growth, delayed onset of puberty and poor nutritional status (1). However, improvement in healthcare of children with SCD in more economically developed countries, along with increased use of SCD-directed therapies such as hydroxyurea and chronic transfusions along with the recent rise in childhood obesity rates may have influenced growth of children with SCD. Two recent reports in the US found that 19-22% of children with SCD were overweight or obese (2, 3) . It is not known whether high body mass index (BMI) in children with SCD results in a worse clinical phenotype. Known association of childhood obesity with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) raises the potential of worsening clinical phenotype of SCD by increasing the incidence of nocturnal hypoxaemia which in turn may give rise to increased vaso-occlusive episodes (4). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high body mass index (BMI) in an urban population of children in the UK with SCD and assess if there is correlation between BMI and disease severity.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on all patients aged 2-18 years with SCD who attended an outpatient clinic at Kings College Hospital, London between April 2015 and April 2017. Acute sickle cell-related emergency department (ED) attendances and hospital admissions in this period were recorded. BMI percentile, demographic information and laboratory markers of disease were recorded from the most recent clinic visit. Age and gender specific definitions of BMI percentiles were used, based on the British 1990 growth reference charts. Patients were assigned to 1 of 3 groups based on their BMI percentile: low, normal and high BMI. A high BMI was defined as >85th percentile for age and gender, whilst underweight was defined as <5th percentile.ResultsData was collected on 385 children with SCD in a single tertiary Paediatric Haemoglobinopathy centre in London. 16.6% children with SCD were overweight or obese and 5.2% were underweight. In contrast, government figures indicate that in the South London Borough of Southwark, up to 28% children aged 10-11 years were overweight or obese and 0.9% children were underweight in 2016-2017 (data.london.gov.uk). A high BMI among our SCD patients was associated with HbSC genotype (P= 0.006) and females (P=< 0.001). HbSS patients taking hydroxycarbamide had a significantly higher mean BMI compared to those not taking it (P=0.006). No association was found between BMI group and the number of acute sickle cell-related A&E attendances or hospital admissions for HbSS patients (P=0.450 and 0.780 respectively) or HbSC patients (P=0.838 and P=0.750 respectively). Patients with HbSS SCD in the high BMI group had a significantly higher haemoglobin (Hb) and fetal Hb (HbF) than those in the normal BMI group (P=<0.001 and P=0.010 respectively). HbSS patients in the high BMI group had a significantly lower absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) than those in the normal BMI group (P=0.022), see Table 1. These results suggest that HbSS patients with a high BMI may have a less severe disease than those with a normal BMI. These associations were not demonstrated in patients with HbSC disease.ConclusionsNearly one-sixth of children and adolescents with SCD in this urban population were overweight or obese. The association of hydroxycarbamide therapy and higher BMI in children with HbSS has been demonstrated in this study for the first time. There was no association between BMI group and the number of acute sickle cell-related A&E attendances or hospital admissions. In patients with HbSS disease, laboratory markers of disease severity, including Hb, HbF and ARC, suggest than patients with a high BMI may have a less severe disease than those with a normal BMI. Longitudinal studies monitoring BMI of children over time and markers of severity in SCD would produce greater evidence of the impact of a high BMI on disease severity. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A Comparative Study of the Influence of Body Mass Index on Clinical Outcomes of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy in Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal

Introduction: Although laparoscopy is a safe route of hysterectomy as it provides battier view of abdominal anatomy, facilitates meticulous hemostasis and reduces surgical morbidity, laparoscopic hysterectomy in overweight and obese women may pose an increased risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications as omental fat and limited manipulation of instruments may render operation difficult.&#x0D; Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on the clinical outcome of total laparoscopichysterectomy.&#x0D; Methodology: This is a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in 190 patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Birat Medical College, Teaching Hospital from July, 2019 to November 2020.Ninety five patients were enrolled in high BMI group and normal BMI group each&#x0D; Result: Mean BMI was 28.90±2.27 ( Kg/M2)in high BMI group and 23.54 ± 1.14 (Kg/M2)in normal BMI group. Urinary tract injury occurred in 4 (4.21%) cases in high BMI group and 2 (2.1%) cases in normal BMI group. Intraoperative and immediate postoperative complication were similar in both groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: Intraoperative and postoperative complications were similar in both the groups. Patients with high BMI have no increased risk of complications during total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Associations between low body mass index and mortality in patients with sepsis: A retrospective analysis of a cohort study in Japan.

The distribution of body mass in populations of Western countries differs from that of populations of East Asian countries. In East Asian countries, fewer people have a high body mass index than those in Western countries. In Japan, the country with the highest number of older adults worldwide, many people have a low body mass index. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between a low body mass index and mortality in patients with sepsis in Japan. We conducted this retrospective analysis of 548 patients with severe sepsis from a multicenter prospective observational study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses determined the association between body mass index and 28-day mortality adjusted for age, sex, pre-existing conditions, the occurrence of septic shock, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. Furthermore, the association between a low body mass index and 28-day mortality was analyzed. The low body mass index group represented 18.8% of the study population (103/548); the normal body mass index group, 57.3% (314/548); and the high body mass index group, 23.9% (131/548), with the 28-day mortality rates being 21.4% (22/103), 11.2% (35/314), and 14.5% (19/131), respectively. In the low body mass index group, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 28-day mortality relative to the non-low body mass index (normal and high body mass index groups combined) group were 2.0 (1.1-3.4) and 2.3 (1.2-4.2), respectively. A low body mass index was found to be associated with a higher 28-day mortality than the non-low body mass index in patients with sepsis in Japan. Given that older adults often have a low body mass index, these patients should be monitored closely to reduce the occurrence of negative outcomes.

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BODY POSTURE IN CLINICIANS

BACKGROUND : Clinicians in the today's world are always under sustained levels of physical exertion. As they form backbone of healthcare setup, the health of clinicians themselves is a very signicant factor towards providing good health to all. AIMS &amp; OBJECTIVES - The objective of the study was to determine the relation of body mass index (BMI) on both static standing as well as dynamic sitting body posture in clinicians. This will establish a relation between obesity and postural stress of clinicians METHODS: The descriptive study was conducted in OPD clinics of our medical college and various private hospitals of Jalandhar. BMI was calculated as ratio of weight (kg) to the square of height (m). Standing posture was assessed with the help of plumb bob passing the line in lateral and posterior aspect of the body nding the correct (YES) or faulty (NO) posture taken for the calculation. Dynamic (work sitting) posture was checked with observation during the OPD work by using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) worksheet. All the values obtained were statistically analysed with Chi square test to determine association. RESULTS: In high BMI group, three-fourths of the clinicians were found to have faulty standing static posture and 79% had faulty dynamic work posture whereas normal BMI group had minimum faulty posture. Female clinicians showed more level of faulty posture than male clinicians. The results also show that with increase in BMI, faulty posture also takes a higher turn. CONCLUSION: BMI is positively related to postural stress in clinicians, especially in the higher age group. This information serves as an awareness and warning signal for the clinicians to safeguard their own health and correct their faulty posture

Association of Body Composition with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Chart Review Study.

This study analyzed the body composition of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this retrospective chart review study, body composition was measured through multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 770). Body composition assessments were conducted in individuals with T2DM, who were aged ≥18 years. The parameters included body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), fat-free mass (FFM), visceral fat area, percent body fat (PBF), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and skeletal muscle index (SMI). One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used to calculate differences in body composition distribution by age and sex. A total of 2404 participants were recruited. The prevalence of overall low muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity was 28.0% and 18.7%, respectively, which increased with age. The overall prevalence of obesity when PBF was used was 71.5%, which was higher than that when BMI was applied (32.4%). The normal BMI group exhibited a prevalence of low muscle mass of 55.6% and sarcopenic obesity of 34.8%. For both men and women, bodyweight, BFM, FFM, ASM, and SMI all decreased with age. The prevalence of low muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity was high in older adults and people with normal BMI. Using BMI to assess obesity and determine insufficient muscle mass underestimates the prevalence of obesity and neglects the problems of sarcopenia and high body fat in people with normal BMI.

English

BACKGROUND Reaction time (RT) is a simple, non-invasive means of estimating sensorimotor coordination and monitoring performance of an individual. The effect of body mass index (BMI) on RT, suggests that underweight, overweight and obese have increased RT as compared to normal BMI individuals. We wanted to compare the effects of supine, sitting and standing postures on RT and determine the influence of BMI on the same. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was carried out over 2 months in the Department of Physiology on 60 medical students (30 males and 30 females). Visual and auditory choice reaction times of subjects were measured in supine, sitting and standing postures for green, red and yellow colours and high, medium and low frequency sounds. RESULTS In sitting posture, significant and moderate negative correlation was observed between BMI and visual reaction time (VRT) while the correlation between auditory reaction time (ART) and BMI was weak negative but non-significant. In standing posture, non-significant and weak negative correlation was observed between BMI and VRT, also the correlation between ART and BMI was weak negative but not significant. In supine posture, significant and moderate negative correlation was observed between BMI and ART while the correlation between VRT and BMI was weak negative but not significant. CONCLUSIONS When compared with normal BMI group, higher BMI subjects had longer visual as well as auditory reaction times. The difference was not found to be statistically significant though. A weak or moderate negative correlation between BMI and reaction time (r value &lt; 0.4 in magnitude) was observed in three different postures. KEYWORDS Choice Reaction Time, Visual Reaction Time, Auditory Reaction Time, Posture, Body Mass Index

Assessment of the relationship of serum liver enzymes activity with general and abdominal obesity in an urban Bangladeshi population

Obesity is a global health concern because of its increasing trend both in developed and developing countries. A limited number of studies have evaluated the association of liver enzymes with both general and abdominal obesity in the general population; data for the Bangladeshi population are not available yet. This study aimed to assess the relationship of serum liver enzymes activity with both general and abdominal obesity in Bangladeshi adults. In total, 540 blood samples were obtained from the participants (388 males and 152 females) and analyzed for serum levels of ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP using standard methods. General obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm in males and ≥ 80 cm in females. The relationship between liver enzymes and obesity was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression models. Overall, 58% of participants in the general obesity group and 55% of the participants in the abdominal obesity group had at least one or more elevated levels of liver enzymes. The prevalence of elevated liver enzymes was significantly higher in the obesity group compared to the normal BMI and WC groups (p < 0.05 for all cases). The mean level of serum ALT, AST and GGT were significantly higher in the obesity group than the normal BMI group (p < 0.05). In the WC groups, mean AST and GGT were significantly higher in the obesity group compared to the normal group (p < 0.05). In regression analysis, serum levels of ALT showed an independent and significant association with general obesity, whereas, serum GGT showed a significant association with both general and abdominal obesity. In conclusion, a high prevalence of elevated liver enzymes was observed among participants included in the present study. Of the four enzymes, serum GGT was independently associated with both general and abdominal obesity. Further studies are required to understand the complex relationship between liver enzymes and obesity in the general population.

Effects of a high body mass index on the short-term outcomes and prognosis after radical gastrectomy.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high body mass index (BMI) on the outcomes of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1729 patients with stage I to III gastric cancer who received open radical gastrectomy from February 2003 to August 2011. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their BMI: a low BMI group (BMI < 18.5kg/m2), normal BMI group (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25kg/m2), and high BMI group (BMI ≥ 25kg/m2). A total of 871 patients were included in the final analysis, of which the median BMI was 22.7kg/m2 (range 13.6-44.9kg/m2). A high BMI increased the risk of postoperative intestinal fistula but not the risk of a reduced number of examined lymph nodes or hospital death. Furthermore, a high BMI did not negatively affect the overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer patients. A high BMI increased the operative morbidity after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. However, a high BMI did not negatively affect the quality of lymphadenectomy or the OS of gastric cancer patients in experienced high-volume centers. A careful approach during operation and meticulous perioperative management are required for gastric cancer patients with a high BMI.

Comparison of Growth Velocity Among School Age Children With Different Body Mass Index From Childhood Into Early Adolescence in Hualien County, Taiwan: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of high body mass index (BMI) to growth velocity among school-aged children who remained in the same BMI categories for a 6-year period.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included children who enrolled in the school year 2009 and remained in the same BMI categories during their 1st, 4th, and 7th grades (6–7, 9–10, 12–13 years of age). Annual linear growth velocity and weight gain were calculated and compared between sexes, BMI groups, and different times. Risk analysis and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed to identify the impact of BMI on growth velocity.Results: Of the 1,637 subjects, 53.0% were male, and 2.5% and 10.9% belonged to BMI groups of overweight and obese, respectively. In students between 6 and 13 years of age, obesity was associated with higher annual weight gain and height gain. Risk analysis showed that obese subjects had higher linear growth velocity than normal BMI groups of both sexes between 6 and 9 years of age. Unexpectedly, overweight and obese girls between 9 and 13 years of age had less linear growth velocity than underweight girls at the same interval. Repeated measures analysis of variance in both sexes showed a significant statistical association between BMI and different times of growth. However, the effect was less in girls between 9 and 13 years of age.Conclusion: Puberty may dominate over BMI as the main contributor to high growth velocity in girls with underweight BMI emerging into pubertal age.

Risk factors associated with failure of total ankle arthroplasty: a nationwide cohort study

We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study to identify the risk factors associated with failure of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). We included 2,914 subjects who underwent primary TAA between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, utilizing the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Failure of TAA was defined as revision TAA or arthrodesis procedures. An increased risk of TAA failure was observed in the < 65 age group versus the ≥ 75 age group [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) 2.273, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.223–4.226 in the 60–64 age group; aHR 2.697, 95% CI 1.405–5.178 in the 55–59 age group; aHR 2.281, 95% CI 1.145–4.543 in the 50–54 age group; aHR 2.851, 95% CI 1.311–6.203 in the < 50 age group]. Conversely, the ≥ 65 age group displayed no increase in the risk of TAA failure. The risk of TAA failure was increased in the severely obese group with body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2 versus the normal BMI group (aHR 1.632; 95% CI 1.036–2.570). This population-based longitudinal study demonstrated that age < 65 years and BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2 were associated with increased risk of TAA failure.

Hospital-Based Phenotypic Features and Treatment Outcomes of Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Effect of Body Mass Index and Geographic Distribution

Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Increased body mass index (BMI) exacerbates the reproductive and metabolic parameters and reduces the fecundity of women with PCOS. This is a secondary analysis of a large-sample, multicenter, randomized controlled trial conducted at 21 sites in Chinese mainland. A total of 1000 women diagnosed with PCOS were enrolled in this trial. Of these, 998 women with PCOS were included in the analysis. Increased BMI was associated with more severe menstrual irregularities, elevated testosterone level, higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and poorer quality of life. The rates of ovulation per woman for the normal, overweight, and obese BMI groups were 83.0%, 78.2%, and 63.6%, respectively (P < 0.001), and the rates of live birth were 23.6%, 18.1%, and 15.3% (P = 0.030). Northern PCOS patients showed more severe reproductive, glucose, and lipid profiles; less exercise; and lower total ovulation rates compared with PCOS patients from Southern China (74.8% vs 81.2%, absolute difference 6.4%, 95% confidence interval 1.2%–11.5%). The results show the typical phenotypic features of Han women with PCOS in Northern and Southern China. The women living in Northern China showed a higher BMI, more severe glycolipid metabolism profiles, and subsequently worse clinical outcomes by the same interventions than those living in Southern China. The difference in phenotypic features can be explained mostly by differences in BMI and the resulting difference in ovulation.

Association of blood pressure and BMI to corrected QT interval in young adults.

Hypertension is often associated with obesity. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to uncorrected cardiac dysautonomia that makes cardiac repolarization abnormally prolonged. Modern dietary habits, stress, and bad lifestyle habits make young adults vulnerable to hazards of health. We planned to study the association of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) with corrected QT (QTc) intervals in young adults. After obtaining the written informed consent, 171 subjects were randomly selected in the age group of 18-35 years. A general history and physical examination were done before recording the BMI and BP. A 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded and QTc calculated using Bazett's formula. The values obtained were compared and statistical analysis done. Of the 171 subjects 14.03% were hypertensive. The QTc interval was found to be prolonged in females and it is prolonged with age, BMI, and BP. QTc was significantly increased among the prehypertensive and hypertensive group and with the overweight and (or) obese BMI group compared with the normotensives and normal BMI group suggesting an altered autonomic homeostasis. This warrants lifestyle modification at a younger age to reduce the cardiovascular risk.

A retrospective study comparing creatinine clearance estimation using different equations on a population-based cohort

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Renal elimination is an important part of drugs' excretion. At the same time, renal function can be impaired as a side effect of medication, particularly during prolonged treatments. Thus, the assessment of patients' renal function is of major consequence, especially in cases where the therapeutic regimen is adjusted taking into consideration renal clearance. Serum creatinine concentration is the most common indicator of renal clearance, since the most accurate indicator, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is not easily measured. Using equations developed over the last decades, creatinine clearance (CL&lt;sub&gt;Cr&lt;/sub&gt;) is readily estimated taking into account patients' biological sex, age, body composition, and sometimes race. In this work, differences in estimated CL&lt;sub&gt;Cr&lt;/sub&gt; between different equations were studied and the influence of some patients' characteristics evaluated. Data collected from 82 inpatients receiving antibiotic therapy was analyzed and CL&lt;sub&gt;Cr&lt;/sub&gt; was estimated using a total of 12 equations. Patients were stratified according to their sex, age, and body composition to shed some light on the impact of these parameters in the estimations of renal function. More variability between estimation methods was highlighted (a) in patients between 51 and 60 years old, (b) within the normal body mass index group, and (c) in patients with serum creatinine levels below normal criteria. Furthermore, the Cockcroft-Gault equation considering lean body weight produced lower estimated CL&lt;sub&gt;Cr&lt;/sub&gt; in almost all groups.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Is Associated with Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Prepubertal Children.

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with age, sex, and puberty. The association of SHBG with various diseases has been suggested nowadays, however, the relationships in prepubertal children have not been sufficiently investigated. This study analyzed the relationship of SHBG with body mass index (BMI) and plasma lipid levels in prepubertal children. We evaluated the association of SHBG with BMI among the 693 prepubertal children subdivided into normal, overweight, and obese groups, with plasma lipid levels among the children subdivided into normal and dyslipidemia groups. The obese and overweight group had lower SHBG levels than the normal BMI group in both sexes. The dyslipidemia group included subjects with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglycerides (TG), or a high atherogenic index of plasma (AIP); this group had lower SHBG than the normal lipid group. SHBG was positively correlated with HDL-C, and negatively correlated with TG and AIP. After adjusting for BMI, SHBG was positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with TG and AIP in all groups. In conclusion, SHBG levels are closely correlated with BMI in prepubertal children. SHBG may play a meaningful role in the decrease in HDL-C and increase in TG during prepubertal age.

Threshold effects of body mass index on the bone mineral density of Chinese rural women in fluorosis area

To explore the threshold effect of body mass index (BMI) on bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese women living in the fluorosis area, we conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 722 women in rural areas in Henan Province, China. After detection and analyses, we found that compared with the normal BMI group, the risk of osteoporosis in the overweight and obese groups were reduced by 32% and 69%, respectively. Threshold effect analysis showed that BMD was positively correlated with BMI when BMI was 16.8-31.2 kg/m2; while when BMI was greater than 31.2 kg/m2, the correlation reached saturation. The correlation observed between low-to-moderate fluoride exposure and BMD in rural women was not significant.

Magnetic resonance imaging study of safe needling depth and angulation for acupuncture at BL40.

The objectives of this study were to identify the mean safe needling depth and angle at BL40 between subjects, taking into account variables including sex and body mass index (BMI). One hundred and twenty-four participants who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the knee region for clinical indications were included in this study. BL40 needling sites were localized by World Health Organization (WHO) standards and were measured by MRI. As much as 70% of the value of AN (from the needle insertion point to the popliteal artery) was considered to represent the safe depth, and angle alpha between the BL40 straight line and the AN line was regarded as the safe angle. Overall, mean safe depth regardless of BMI and sex was 18.51 ± 3.56 mm (95% confidence interval (CI), 17.88%-19.14%). Mean safe depth was 17.24 ± 3.14 mm in the low and normal BMI group, 18.76 ± 2.90 mm in the overweight group, and 22.01 ± 3.71 mm in the obese group. Thirteen patients (10.5%) had internal deviation of angle alpha (95% CI, 5.6%-15.3%), while 111 patients (89.5%) had external deviation (95% CI, 84.7%-94.4%). The mean internal and external deviations of angle alpha were 8.78° ± 2.92° (95% CI, 7.01°-10.55°) and 9.75° ± 3.46° (95% CI, 9.10°-10.41°), respectively. We would suggest that, when using a straight needle insertion at BL40, it is safe to advance a 25-mm needle approximately 12.5 mm, and 17.5 mm should be safe for patients with BMI greater than 28 kg/m2. Practitioners should decrease the depth of penetration when treating patients of low body weight or height.