Association of Body Composition with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Chart Review Study.

Chia-Ling Lin,Neng-Chun Yu,Wu-Chien Chien,Hsueh-Ching Wu,Wan-Chun Lin,Yung-Yen Lee,I-Ying Chiu,Yuan-Ching Liu

doi:10.3390/ijerph18094421

Abstract

This study analyzed the body composition of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this retrospective chart review study, body composition was measured through multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 770). Body composition assessments were conducted in individuals with T2DM, who were aged ≥18 years. The parameters included body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), fat-free mass (FFM), visceral fat area, percent body fat (PBF), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and skeletal muscle index (SMI). One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used to calculate differences in body composition distribution by age and sex. A total of 2404 participants were recruited. The prevalence of overall low muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity was 28.0% and 18.7%, respectively, which increased with age. The overall prevalence of obesity when PBF was used was 71.5%, which was higher than that when BMI was applied (32.4%). The normal BMI group exhibited a prevalence of low muscle mass of 55.6% and sarcopenic obesity of 34.8%. For both men and women, bodyweight, BFM, FFM, ASM, and SMI all decreased with age. The prevalence of low muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity was high in older adults and people with normal BMI. Using BMI to assess obesity and determine insufficient muscle mass underestimates the prevalence of obesity and neglects the problems of sarcopenia and high body fat in people with normal BMI.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most severe and urgent health problems worldwide
Regarding body composition differences between sexes, female participants had higher mean values of body fat mass (BFM), percentage body fat (PBF), and visceral fat area (VFA) and lower mean values of fat-free mass (FFM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and skeletal muscle index (SMI) compared with men (Table 1)
The results revealed that the overall PBF of individuals living with T2DM was too high

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most severe and urgent health problems worldwide. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that the T2DM prevalence among adults aged 20 to 79 years will increase from 9.3% in 2019 to 10.2% in 2030. The number of individuals with T2DM will increase from 463 million in 2019 to 578 million in 2030. Global medical expenses related to diabetes are estimated to reach. USD 727 billion [1,2]. T2DM is closely correlated with obesity, which is commonly measured using body mass index (BMI). BMI cannot distinguish muscle mass and fat mass and does not consider fat distribution in the body, which are crucial limitations. Studies have indicated that T2DM is more closely correlated with body fat percentage and skeletal muscle than

Results

Discussion

Conclusion