Nordic Body Map Research Articles

Relationship between Working Tenure and Working Posture with Musculoskeletal Grievance in Batik Madura Workers

Introduction: Batik is one of the cultural heritages of Indonesian people. Batik is the result of acculturationof Javanese, Hindu and Islam which is written on a sheet of fabric. The process of making batik fabrictakes a long time. This condition causes many batik workers experience work related disease, such asmusculoskeletal grievance. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between working tenure andworking posture with musculoskeletal grievance in Batik Madura workers.Methods: This research was an observational research with a cross sectional design. The research populationwas all Batik Madura workers. The sample in this study was 61 Batik Madura workers. The variablesresearched included working tenure, working posture and musculoskeletal grievance.Data were collected by observation, filling out research questionnaires, and Nordic Body Map (NBM). Thedata analysis used was the Spearman correlation.Results: There was no relationship between working tenure with musculoskeletal grievance with a value ofp = 0.837 and there was relationship between working posture with musculoskeletal grievance with a valueof p = 0.000.Conclusion: The working tenure didn’t have relationship with musculoskeletal grievance. The workingposture had a relationship with musculoskeletal grievance.

PERNERAPAN ERGONOMI DI INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE OVAKO WORKING ANALYSIS SYSTEM PADA STASIUN PERNYORTIRAN TBS (STUDI KASUS DI PT XYY)

Harvesting, loading and sorting activities in palm oil industry that conducted manually have some risks that can cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This is happened due to repetitive of manual working, standing and bending position for 8 hours and 6 working days, this activity does not match the anthropometry of worker body. The analysis of the Nordic Body MAP questionnaire shows that the biggest complaints experienced by harvest workers are on the back (90%), right shoulder (60%), waist (15%), right calf (40%) the same as the forearm and left calf (30%). ).Work posture analysis using the OWAS method also supports the results of the NBM questionnaire analysis with the results of the analysis of the dominant bent shoulder attitude carried out by 68% (category 2), the attitude of the two arms is 53% (category 2) and the stance of the legs resting on both bent knees. 47% (category 3) with a combination of harvest posture code 4-2-2-2 (category 3).

Musculoskeletal disorders problems and its relation to age, working periods, and smoking habit among fishermen

ObjectiveIn this study, we conducted a research to determine the relationship between ages, working period, and smoking habit with the musculoskeletal disorder in fishermen. MethodThis type of research is analytic survey research with a cross-sectional study. The population in this study totaled 224 people with 56 samples as respondents. Nordic Body Map (NBM) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were used as a questionnaire instrument. ResultsThe result showed that the age variable has p=0.658 and the smoking habit has p=1.000, this indicates that age and smoking habit variables do not have a significant relationship with musculoskeletal disorders. Meanwhile, the working period variable has a result of p=0.015, it can be said that the work period has a significant relationship with musculoskeletal disorders. ConclusionThe respondents who were quite old were still fit for work and did not have as many musculoskeletal complaints as they should be for their age. Likewise with the smoking habit of fishermen who are more enthusiastic and motivated to work. Meanwhile, the work period has more influence on the complaints of musculoskeletal disorders among fishermen.

Relation of body mass index and work posture to musculoskeletal disorders among fishermen

ObjectiveIn this study, we researched to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and work posture/position with the musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in fishermen. MethodThis type of research is analytic survey research with a cross-sectional study. There were 224 people as the population in this study with 56 samples as respondents. Nordic Body Map (NBM) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were used as a questionnaire instrument. ResultsThe result of the Chi-square test shows that the BMI variable has a p-value of p=0.848 where the p-value is p>0.05. This means BMI has no significant relationship with MSD. Meanwhile, the work posture/position variable has a p-value of p=0.000 where the p-value is p<0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship with MSD. ConclusionsBMI was not associated with MSD. This is possible because fishermen who have normal and abnormal BMI both have complaints of MSD. Meanwhile, work posture/position has a significant relationship with complaints of MSD in fishermen. This is because the posture of fishermen when working with tools when doing research looks very risky.

INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF SCLUPTOR IN KAPAL VILLAGE, BADUNG, BALI

To increase the productivity, modern hand tools such as electrical grinder, electrical drill and band saw have been used by the scluptor in Kapal village. Due to ignorance, in using them not all precaution were taken into consideration. Also squatting and bending positions produced many complaints. Therefore, an ergonomics intervention has been conducted. Using multistage random sampling technique, 20 subjects were sampled from the scluptors. Blood pressure, and heart rate were measured, and subjective feelings were recorded using Nordic Body Map, before and after working for a week. The results showed that after working; 1.2% increased in systolic blood pressure; 4.7% increased HR per minute; and 20.7% subjective complaints (p&lt;0.05). To overcome the problems ergonomics intervention have been conducted which consist of three types as follows: 1) advising to have rest pause 3-5 minutes in every one hour working; 2) the workplace for electrical grinder must be separated from another workplaces, and the operator of electrical grinder machine should have a rest after 30 minutes, in case the electrical grinder could not be separated all workers there should use cotton car plugs. 3) the physical fitness of scluptors should be improved by doing exercise program 3-5 times per week. After two weeks of awareness program, responses found as follows: 87% of workers engaged in having short rest pauses 90% of workers engaged in using ear plugs and 77% were engaged fitness program. The preliminary results showed there are a decreased in systolic blood pressure 0.46%, (p&gt;0.05). HR 4.96% (p&lt;0.05), subjective complaints 18.39% (p&lt;0.05), and associated by an increased of productivity at about 17.55% (p&lt;0.05).

Analisis Tingkat Postur Kerja Dan Musculoskeletal Disorders pada Pekerja di Pabrik Roti Latansa Gontor

The La Tansa bakery industry is a formal industrial sector that makes bread, some process activities are still repeated manually. This condition will cause the prevalence of MSD complaints because the worker's body position is bent. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of risk of injury using the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) questionnaire and to assess complaints about the impact of this awkward posture using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. This type of research was descriptively carried out at the Latansa Bread Factory, Gontor Ponorogo in May 2020 with a total of 9 respondents. The research results will be analyzed using the Excel program. Based on the results of research on the distribution of questionnaires conducted by researchers and the workers themselves, it shows that the level of risk of injury to 7 out of 9 workers is at the level of 72.8% - 82.7%, which means that research and changes must be carried out as soon as possible. The results of MSD's complaint assessment among workers showed that all were categorized as having moderate complaints. The advice given to the Latansa Bread Factory is to design a chair and table for workers so as to minimize the risk of injury and create effective, safe, comfortable and efficient working condition.

Improvement Mechanism of Work Oriented by Ergonomic Increase Health Quality and Productivity

The aim of this research is to reduce musculoskeletal disorders, work stress, and increase productivity of workers piranti upakara makers by work mechanism improvement using ergonomic work oriented. Through a quasi-experimental using treatment by subject design and randomized pre and post-test group design assessed: (a) improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic reducing musculoskeletal disorders, was recorded by Nordic Body Map Questionnaire; (b) improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic reducing work stress, was recorded by Work Stress Questionnaire; (c) improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic increase the productivity of workers, assessed by output (product produced) divided by input (pulse) multiplied by time. Data collection was done at 10 (ten) days before and after working, in Period I and Period II on 14 samples. Data obtained were analyzed using paired t-test at a significance level of 5%. The result showed that improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic, reducing musculoskeletal disorders of workers to 44.45%, reducing the work stress of workers to 29.90%, and increasing productivity of workers to 53.93%. It can be concluded that improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic reducing musculoskeletal disorders, work stress, and improving productivity of workers piranti upakara makers.

The Effectiveness of the Rule of Twenty Method in Reducing the Musculoskeletal Complaints among Educational Staffs

Educational staff at the University of Darussalam Gontor sit in front of the computer screen for quite a long time, causing musculoskeletal complaints. Applying the Rule of Twenty (RoT) method is one way to minimize the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of the Rule of Twenty methods in reducing the risk level of complaints of musculoskeletal disorders for the educational staff of the University of Darussalam Gontor. This study was a pre-experimental research with one group pre-test – post-test design. The population in this study was the entire 68 educational staff of the University of Darussalam Gontor. Twenty-one (21) staff involved as a sample in this study and selected by purposive sampling method. The Nordic Body Map instrument was used to measure musculoskeletal complaint levels before and after the rule of twenty methods applied. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program version with autocorrelation test and paired t-test (CI: 95%). The measurement results of musculoskeletal disorders among 21 respondents before and after the application of RoT were the level of action 1 (low-risk level). The result of the autocorrelation measurement showed that the value of Durbin Watson (DW) was 1.958 and DW (1.968)&gt; DU (1.8116), indicates that there was no autocorrelation between variables. The paired t-test showed the value of t = 5.760 and p = 0.0001, indicates a significant difference between musculoskeletal disorders before and after the application of the Rule of Twenty Method (p&lt;0.05). Based on the result, this study found that the Rule of Twenty Method is effective in reducing the musculoskeletal disorders of the Educational Staffs, and potentially reduce 9.4% of musculoskeletal complaints among workers.

Redesign of Salak Harvesting Tool with Anthropometric Approach Based on Body Pain Complaints Using Nordic Body Map Questionnaire on Salak Farm in Pulesari Tourist Village

Background: Agricultural activities are one of the utilization of natural resources (SDA) to produce foodstuffs, industrial and energy materials. The research was conducted at Salak Farm in Pulesari Tourism Village. When harvesting salak fruit, farmers still cut bunches of salak using machetes, sickles or in the traditional way and will result in a big risk. In traditional harvesting, there are often complaints by workers that the position of the body is too bent causing frequent complaints of pain in some parts of the body. Method: In this study used anthropometric approach based on body dimensions and Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaires to determine Muskuloskeletal Disorders based on Deductive and Inductive studies. Result: As a result of the NBM questionnaire, workers experienced quite sick and painful complaints. Based on the questionnaire NBM obtained several parts of the body that hurt including Lower neck, bottom neck, Right shoulder, Back , Right upper arm, Waist, Right lower arm , Right hand, Left knee, Left foot , Right foot. Body dimension and percentile data to redesign of salak harvesting tool used by TSB (P5=1,584 cm), DGMin (P50=107.2667 cm), LTM (P95=8.87185 cm). Conclusion: From these results, researchers can design a tool that is able to assist in the harvesting process so they do not experience complaints of pain in several parts of the body, work accidents, and increase the production of salak fruit. The tool features have are a handle, a clamp to clamp the salak tie, a net to accommodate the salak and a spring to pull the jaw clamp. Recommended tools are used ergonomically, saving time and minimizing fruit dropping thereby increasing production.

Hubungan Faktor Individu dan Faktor Pekerjaan terhadap Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders pada Pegawai

Musculoskeletal disorders are work-related diseases and conditions that are not safe and uncomfortable, almost all employees have experienced the disorders, ranging from pain in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of individual factors and work factors to complaints of musculoskeletal disorders in employees at the Ministry of Health’s Republic of Indonesia Civil Service Bureau in 2020. This study used a cross-sectional study design with the Purposive Sampling technique, with a sample of 103 employees. The research instruments used in the study were the questionnaire regarding individual characteristics, Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA), Nordic Body Map (NBP), and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) questionnaire. The result of this study indicates that the variables related to complaints of musculoskeletal disorders are age (p-value=0,001), work period (p-value=0,001), and work posture (p-value=0,001), while gender, BMI, physical activity, duration of the word are not related to complaints of musculoskeletal disorders. Employees must do physical activity 3 times a week, need to reorganize the design of the workplace so it can reduce the presence of awkward posture, and pay more attention to the position of the body at work.

Ergonomic Analysis By Using REBA, WERA And Biomechanics Method In The Production Process Of Women’s Bags In Small Industry (SME)

This research was conducted at small and medium businesses, namely PT Sumber Karya Indah, a company engaged in the manufacture of women’s bags. There are 10 activities in the process of producing women’s bags. This work system is analyzed using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) method, Rapid Whole Body Assessment (REBA), Work Risk Ergonomic Risk Assessment (WERA), and Biomechanics to see ergonomic risks. The results of the Nordic Body Map questionnaire after working compared to before showed that there were 6 parts of the body of workers that had the highest value, namely the upper neck, buttocks, waist, right hand, left thigh and right thigh. REBA and WERA analysis was carried out on 10 activities to find potentially problematic activities to work health and comfort. The results of the analysis showed that there were 2 activities with high categories of REBA analysis methods, gluing activities (with a score of 10) and sticking activities (with a score of 9). Based on the WERA analysis, the two activities also showed the 2 highest values in the medium category, each with a value of 36 and 34. While the Biomechanical Analysis of worker posture on the gluing activity obtained a thigh muscle pressure score of2440 N and the overall moment was 248 NM towards the left. For sticking activity, the score for the thigh muscle was 1974.2 N and the overall moment was 63.2 NM to the left. Based on the results of these four analyzes, it can be concluded that sticking and sticking activities require immediate ergonomic intervention to reduce occupational health risks.

Work Load Analysis of Phosphoric Acid Filling Activities Using Ovako Working Analysis System (OWAS) Method

PT. XYZ runs a palm oil processing plant (CPO) into its derivative products with a refinery and fractionation process with a capacity of 600,000 tons per year. The technology used in the process of refinery and fractionation has been done automatically. However, the filling of auxiliary materials is still done manually, specifically in filling the auxiliary material Phosphoric Acid into the tank. This activity is carried out continuously can cause the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in workers. To ensure this, the distribution of the Nordic Body Map questionnaire was carried out to determine the complaints experienced by workers in these activities. in this case the analysis was carried out using the OWAS (Ovako Working Analysis System) method by providing output in the form of work attitudes that are at risk of occupational accidents in the musculoskeletal section. From the results of data processing, it is obtained category 3, where repairs need to be done as soon as possible / as soon as possible. For that reason the authors propose three improvements, namely the operation of TK 300, using a forklift, and designing work facilities.

Ergonomics Evaluation of Manual Material Handling Activities in the Section of Feeding Laying Hens at Poultry Farm

This study aimed to evaluate the activity of feeding laying hens at poultry farm. Observations were made of all workers in charge of providing animal feed totaling 13 workers. The work observed was the process of loading animal feed on baskets until the final distribution. The evaluation was based on the results of the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, physiological workload measurements, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting calculations. The worker’s physiological workload was taken into account, and it revealed that there has been an increase in work pulse rate obtained Cardiovascular Load (%CVL) is in the range of 58%-72% and the energy consumption of workers ranges from 4.10-6.59 Kcal/minute. Thus, physiologically the work activities carried out by the feeding workers are categorized as moderate work, and it is necessary to improve the work activities. Meanwhile, evaluation using the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) and Lifting Index (LI) in the process of animal feed showed RWL values ranged from 8.61 kg-10.19 kg, and LI values ranged from 1.87 to 2.50. This number is beyond the limit for manual lifting.

PERANCANGAN MESIN PEMIPIL JAGUNG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN NORDIC BODY MAP

Based on calculations by the Directorate General of Food Plants (Ditjen TP), Ministry of Agriculture. Corn production in the last 5 years has increased by an average of 12.49% per year. According to the Secretary of the Directorate General of Food Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture (Kementan) Maman Suherman in 2019 maize production is estimated to reach 33 million tonnes of dry shell (PK) in an interview with Republika on January 6, 2019. Cepiring sub-district, Kendal district, apart from being planted with rice in the rainy season, rice fields also planted with maize. After harvesting, the corn that has been plucked is separated from the cob using a corn sheller. The shelling machine is used using diesel fuel and electricity, with workers standing for long periods of time, causing fatigue in the arms, waist, thighs and back. The data processing of the nordic body map questionnaire was carried out to determine the complaints on the skeleton and muscles of the workers. From the results of the questionnaire above, most Sido Rejo farmers feel complaints on their right shoulder, left upper arm, back, right upper arm, back, waist, left elbow, right elbow, left forearm, right forearm, left wrist, wrist right, left hand, right hand, left thigh, right thigh, left calf, right calf, left leg to right leg. With anthropometric measurements, the dimensions of the body used are the height of the sitting shoulders and the data used are the average data or the 50th percentile. With this solar sheller, it can save fuel and be environmentally friendly and reduce the complaints of the frame and muscles of farmers

WORK POSTURE AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS OF COCONUT PEELER WORKERS IN SEI APUNG VILLAGE, ASAHAN REGENCY

Posture and certain activities towards work equipment have the potential to cause health problems, even disease. One disease that is identical to workers who have problems with posture is musculoskeletal disorders. This research has a purpose of analyzing the relationship between work posture with musculoskeletal disorders of coconut peeler workers. This research has quantitative research with cross-sectional design. The sample of this research was 52 workers with purposive sampling technique. The data obtained by observation and interviews used Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. The analysis relationship used Spearman Rho correlation test with a significance level of 95% (α=0,05). Based on the result of the studied show working period of 1 to 5 years as 33 people (63.5%), work postures is more spread over the value 3 (high category) as 34 people (65.4%), musculoskeletal disorders was mostly in the moderate as 31 people (59.6%). A significant relationship between work posture with musculoskeletal disorders (r=0.534). As a suggestion to take a break or stretching muscles, add hand braces or elbows to prevent the risk of complaints, and to modify the seat to reduce the risk of complaints in the lower back area.

Rancang bangun meja dan kursi kerja untuk perbaikan postur kerja pada pekerja pengolah ikan berdasarkan pengukuran NBM dan RULA

Slouching and squatting work postures in the fish cleaning process can cause skeletal muscle injury. Based on the results of previous research conducted by Adelia (2020), the results of the existing NBM show that workers have complaints in the muscles of the neck, arms, back, waist, buttocks, hands, wrists, thighs, knees, and feet. The result of total muscle complaints individual skeletal is 75, meaning that the existing work posture requires work improvement. Improvement of working posture can be done by designing work aids in the form of desks and chairs. The determination of the MSDs risk level category was carried out by identifying the skeletal muscle complaints felt by workers using a Nordic body map (NBM) questionnaire, a working posture assessment was carried out to determine the score level in work posture using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method with the help of CATIA V5R20 software. Assistive devices in the form of desks and work chairs are designed based on complaints experienced by workers and use the anthropometric approach in determining the dimensions of work aids. Based on the results of the implementation of work aids, there was a change in the score for skeletal muscle complaints and work posture. The results showed that the average NBM value of individual muscle complaints was 56.75, this is included in the moderate risk level and the results of the RULA analysis on the repair work posture experienced a change in the final score, namely 4 (yellow).

Analisis ergonomi pada perkuliahan daring menggunakan smartphone selama masa pandemi covid-19: studi kasus mahasiswa Prodi Teknik Industri Universitas Mulawarman

When Covid-19 emerged in Indonesia in early 2020, students had to learn from home to prevent the spread of the virus. The changing activity could effect on physical and mental health caused by student’s behavior during learning from home. Survey showed that 84% students of Industrial Engineering, Mulawarman University used smartphone while learning from home. Therefore, this study aimed to identify students’ behavior, to measure physical (i.e., musculoskeletal and visual fatique) and mental health (i.e., stress and smartphone addiction) problems that occurred when they were learning from home, as well as to suggest ergonomic recommendation for reducing the negative effects. At the time of the study, they were 155 students studied in the IE department and a total of 134 (86.45%) participated in the online survey. Musculoskeletal disorder was assessed using Nordic Body Map and visual fatique was evaluated using symptoms that were reported on previous studies. Additionally, Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were administered to identify smartphone addiction tendency and stress level respectively. The results showed that MSD occurred in left and right shoulder (95%), followed by upper neck (82.14%) and back (72.62%). 86% of participants experienced visual fatique with headache (71.55%), ache eye (68%) and dry eye (60.34%) symptoms. Subsequently, this survey revealed that 35% of the participants addicted to smartphone and 68.66% experienced moderate level of stress. To alleviate these physical problems, several ergonomic recommendations were proposed i.e., supporting the arm that holding the smartphone with the other hand, practicing the 20-20-20 rule and applying stop, drop and flop slogan. Moreover, cooperation among parents, students and lecturers was needed to create conducive learning environment so as the mental health problems could be minimized.

GAMBARAN KELUHAN OTOT ANTARA SCHOOL FROM HOME DAN WORK FROM HOME DALAM PANDEMI COVID-19

Background: School from Home and Work from Home were activities carried out by students and employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Activities aimed to comply with health protocols and social distancing to prevent transmission of the COVID-19 virus. Students and employees who studied and worked from home had one health risk, muscle disorders complaints caused by the use of equipment or facilities that were not ergonomic. Muscle complaints, when not handled properly, would reduce productivity in studying and working. The purpose of this study was to find out a description of the location and types of muscle pain complaints experienced by students and workers during the pandemic. Methods:this study used a Nordic Body Map questionnaire and an online questionnaire.The study design used cross-sectional descriptive approach respondents with 25 students and 25 employees. Results: Complaints of neck pain were the most common complaints experienced by students and workers who implemented SFH and WFH. Keywords: Musculoskeletal, School From Home, Work From Home

The Risk Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Pottery Making Workers in Kasongan, Bantul

Musculoskeletal problems are problematic in Indonesia because manual work activities such as lifting, transporting, pulling and pushing are still being done. Pottery-making workers in the Kasongan are still doing those moves traditionally such as lifting, transporting, pulling and pushing manually. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk of MSDs in the pottery making workers in Kasongan. This research was cross sectional design. The sample amounted to 78 workers selected using accidental sampling techniques. The instruments used Nordic Body Map questionnaire and Rapid Entire Body Assessment. Data analysis was using the chi fisher test. The results showed that the variables associated were age (sig= 0.000) and variables that had no relationship were gender (sig= 0.341) and work posture (sig= 0.352). The risk factor associated with complaints of MSDs is age, so to reduce the risk of the occurrence of MSDs, they can do physical activity or stretch muscles.

The Impact of Work Method on Musculoskeletal Disorders Complaints in Pharmacy Unit

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are complaints on parts of skeletal muscle which is perceived by someone ranging from mild to severe. These complaints often occur in the manual process, heavy workload, and work environment interactions that may lead to a non-ergonomic work posture. This study aims to analyze the impact of the work method to MSDs complaints at the pharmacy unit of The University of Sumatera Utara Hospital. Method: This study is an observational survey using a cross-sectional design. The population was all workers in the pharmacy unit of the University of Sumatera Utara Hospital numbered 27 people. Samples were taken from the total population. Data were collected using camera media and direct observation of the work process that took place in the pharmacy unit of USU Hospital. Musculoskeletal complaints were obtained by mapping the pain using Nordic Body Map (NBM). The data obtained were analyzed using a simple logistic regression test to see the impact of the working methods of the pharmacy unit workers on their complaints of musculoskeletal disorders. Results: There was a significant association between work methods in the Pharmacy unit and the MSDs complaints with p-value = 0,001. This was supported by the mean of the work patterns in the pharmacy unit which have a heavy workload and the interaction with the layout according to anthropometry. There was a significant association between the work method causing musculoskeletal complaints when the drug compounding process (p = 0.000). It was evidenced from the result of NBM questionnaire that the three most prevalent complaints of MSDs were pain around the neck, back, and right shoulder. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the static working methods with a heavy workload must be accompanied by a relaxation to avoid burn out and fatigue.