Nordic Body Map Research Articles

A Feasibility Study on the Conversion from Manual to Semi-Automatic Material Handling in an Oil and Gas Service Company

In manufacturing companies, manual material handling (MMH) involves lifting, pushing, pulling, carrying, moving, and lowering objects, which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among workers, resulting in high labor costs due to excessive overtime incurred for manual product preparation. The aim of this study was to show how ergonomic measures were used to reduce the risk of MSDs and to reduce operating costs in the warehouse department of an oil and gas service company. A preliminary study using the Nordic Body Map survey showed that the workers experienced pain in various parts of the body, indicating the presence of MSDs. The researchers then used methods such as the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) assessments to verify whether the MMH activities had an acceptable level of risk. The results revealed that certain manual material handling (MMH) activities were assessed as low–very high risk, with RULA scores ranging from 3 to 7 and REBA scores ranging from 4 to 11. An immediate solution was to replace the manual process with a semi-automatic process using a vacuum lifter. A feasibility study was conducted using the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period to justify the economic viability of the solution. The analysis indicated that implementing the vacuum lifter not only mitigated the risk of MSDs but also reduced the operating costs, demonstrating its viability and profitability. Overall, this study suggests that implementing a vacuum lifter as an assistive device in the warehouse would be a beneficial investment for both the workers and the company, improving both well-being and finances.

Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Pain Among Music Students in Iran

Playing-related musculoskeletal pain is common among music students. We aimed to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and the factors associated with the presence of musculoskeletal pain among music students in public music conservatories in Tehran, Iran. Participants included 383 music students, age 12-18 years, from Tehran, Iran. A cross-sectional study was performed from October to November 2021 through convenience sampling. Demographic characteristics and musculoskeletal pain were collected using a self-report questionnaire, the Numerical Rating Scale, and the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, respectively. Postural behavior of participants was assessed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment checklist. In the convenience sample, 59.3% of music students reported at least one symptomatic musculoskeletal pain in the last week. Female gender (OR 2.34, 95% C:1.37-3.99, p<0.001), age (OR 1.66, 95% C:1.08-2.54, p<0.001), postural behavior (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.81-1.39, p<0.001), and duration of playing (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99, p<0.001) were significantly associated with the playing-related musculoskeletal pain. History of playing and instrument type had no relationship to pain. The main risk factors associated with playing-related musculoskeletal pain in music students were the participants' characteristics (female gender and age), postural behavior, and playing duration. The findings support the need to design educational programs for music students in order to prevent playing-related musculoskeletal pain.

ANALISIS KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ERGONOMI STUDI KASUS CAHYA SETYA TROPHY

Cahya setya trophy is a small manufacturing industry that produces trophies, vandels, acrylics, etc. In this small industry in the warehouse, there is still a lack of awareness to use personal protective equipment and a work method that can cause Musculosketal disorders. This study aims to analyze K3 from the Cahya setya trophy warehouse using observation methods, Nordic Body Map, RULA and REBA. The observation method was used for the initial step of the study and the Nordic Body Map was used to find a sample as a research from the RULA, REBA method. The results of work safety observations found that the dangerous action if not wearing shoes was the worst possibility that it could cause the employee's feet to bruise, and not using gloves was the worst possibility that the hands could be scratched. The results of the occupational health analysis using the REBA method, the bent position got a final score of 8, the duct tape process squat position got 9 scores, both positions had an action level of 3, and the packaging squat position got a score of 12 with an action level of 4, which means there is a very high risk and this position is very dangerous, then change action is needed, The results of the RULA method in the packaging squat position, the duct tape squat got a score of 6 which had an action level of 3 and the bent position got a score of 7 which had an action level of 4. From the results of these calculations, all work methods require action to change work methods, if changes in work methods are not immediately carried out, it can trigger Musculosketal disorders and lack of comforted at work.

Analysis of Improvement of Employee Work Posture Using OWAS Method (case study at PT. XYZ)

PT. XYZ is a service company in the field of construction and fabrication. This study aims to determine the results of work postures in the company and determine the level of risk for operators based on the nordic Body Map (NBM) and provide suggestions for improving work posture to the operator. Ovako Work Posture Analysis System(OWAS) is a method for evaluating and analyzing the work attitude of observed operators, including body movements of the back, shoulders, arms, and legs, including thighs, knees, and ankles. This method is fast in identifying work attitudes that have the potential to cause work accidents. Work accidents that are of concern to this method are the musculoskeletal system. It is known that there are 4 work postures from the company PT XYZ, out of these four postures need improvement as soon as possible. It is recommended to pay more attention to the health and safety of operators, especially during disturbancesMusculoskeletal disorders which are caused by unsuitable work environment conditions and workload which can result in decreased work productivity

Identifikasi risiko ergonomi dengan metode Nordic Body Map (NBM) pada pekerja pembuatan tahu di kelurahan Abian Tubuh Kota Mataram

Humans as workers play an important role in producing tofu products in quality and quantity. Making production room facilities needs good arrangement so that workers do not feel risks or complaints while carrying out activities. The purpose of this research was to help the level of complaints felt by workers in the production of tofu using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) method. The method used in this study was a descriptive method by exploring problems using a questionnaire to get 4 categories of complaint levels, namely not sick, slightly sick, sick, and very sick. There were 8 subjects studied consisting of 4 male workers and 4 female workers with a minimum working period of 5 years. The results and discussion show that the work station for making tofu needs rearrangement to facilitate moving from one station to the next work station, and found complaints felt by workers with a total score in the range of 63% -88% (high risk) in the upper neck , left and right shoulder, right wrist, right upper arm, waist, left and right ankle and left and right leg so that a comprehensive action is needed to be corrected immediately

Ergonomic Work Station Design In Internet Rental Services At Warnet Bina Boyolali

Responding to the rapid progress of the internet and the large public need for internet service users, many internet cafes have been opened. Many internet cafes in designing their work stations are less ergonomic so that it often causes complaints for users. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on how to design an ergonomic work station in order to provide comfort for internet rental service users. The research was conducted at the Bina Boyolali internet cafe with the object of research regarding the size of computer tables and chairs. Computer desks and chairs are facilities provided at Bina's internet cafe. The tables and chairs used by the internet cafe operators felt uncomfortable, which was caused by the sitting position which eventually caused fatigue in the limbs. The research process begins with collecting data through a Nordic Body Map questionnaire to find out whether visitors are comfortable with the conditions of the existing work station. From the questionnaires distributed to 60 respondents, it can be seen that 1.32% of visitors felt very comfortable with the size of the table and chair size, the location of the board and the distance from the monitor to the eyes. Visitors who feel comfortable are 19.34%, those who feel quite comfortable are 42.63%, those who feel less comfortable are 34.41% and feel uncomfortable are 2.31%. This shows that the Bina Boyolali internet cafe work station is still less ergonomic so that many visitors feel uncomfortable. From the questionnaires distributed to 60 respondents, it can be seen that 1.32% of visitors felt very comfortable with the size of the table and chair size, the location of the board and the distance from the monitor to the eyes. Visitors who feel comfortable are 19.34%, those who feel quite comfortable are 42.63%, those who feel less comfortable are 34.41% and feel uncomfortable are 2.31%. This shows that the Bina Boyolali internet cafe work station is still less ergonomic so that many visitors feel uncomfortable. From the questionnaires distributed to 60 respondents, it can be seen that 1.32% of visitors felt very comfortable with the size of the table and chair size, the location of the board and the distance from the monitor to the eyes. Visitors who feel comfortable are 19.34%, those who feel quite comfortable are 42.63%, those who feel less comfortable are 34.41% and feel uncomfortable are 2.31%. This shows that the Bina Boyolali internet cafe work station is still less ergonomic so that many visitors feel uncomfortable.

Evaluation Of Ergonomic Complaints And Stress Level Of Educational Workers At The Faculty Of Engineering, Unisba

Educational personnel has urgent role in supporting educational administration process. The number of tasks that must be completed by educational workers naturally drains the energy and mind. Change in the work system during Pandemic of Covid-19 increases work-related sitting time and screen time which also applies to the educational personnel at the Faculty of Engineering UNISBA. The main purpose of the study is to discover ergonomics factors (complaints of the body part) and work stress levels as well as the possible contribution that can be given to parties related. The method used in this study is analysis related to ergonomics aspects using Nordic Body Map and work stress levels using Visual Analogue Scale. Measurement is conducted on 27 educational workers at the Faculty of Engineering UNISBA. Research results show that a number of complaints on body parts include back pain, waist pain, wrist pain, and neck pain as well as the average level of stress experienced that is included in the medium category. Those results show that related parties need to notice problems related to ergonomics complaints and work stress so as not to cause disease (physically or mentally) in the future.

Posture Analysis Using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) &amp; Nordic Body Map (NBM) Methods to Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in Automotive Company

This study aims to identify the operator's posture at work, determine the factors that influence the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaints, and give suggestions for improving the postures. The method used in the research is Nordic Body Map (NBM) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Material handling processes carried out by some operator's production in the line press magazine stamping could be affected body postures. If the company does not carry out an analysis of the situation, it could be impacting the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders for the operator who is working in this area. Process manual handling was carried out 4800 cycles in a day (8 hours of work) with a bent posture, causing complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The results of Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire processing results scored 75 and 81 points, and the second activity was the REBA assessment when the operator took material from the train. The REBA score was 8. The results of this study have high scores for NBMs and REBAs, requiring investigation and changing work attitudes.

Identification of Musculoskeletal Disorder among Eco-Brick Workers in Indonesia

Introduction: Plastic waste is considered one of the common vital waste problems in developing countries such as Indonesia. One proposed alternative way to reduce plastic waste is by reusing and recycling it into bricks. Eco-bricks are a form of recycled plastic waste that can be used as an alternative building construction material. Unfortunately, manufacturing workers do not ergonomically perform this work during their working hours. Therefore, it causes inappropriate body postures and leads to musculoskeletal disorders easily. This study intends to identify the posture of workers in the manufacture of eco-bricks in Indonesia Methods: A cross-sectional study was done with purposively selected 32 eco-bricks workers from 10 waste bank communities in Central Java and Yogyakarta. Sampling was done by snowball method. This research was conducted by interviewing and collecting data on body complaints using a Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. Results: All respondents (100%) experienced musculoskeletal disorder complaints while producing eco-bricks. Based on the results gained from the Nordic Body Map Questionnaire, the common complaints perceived by eco-bricks workers are upper neck, lower neck, back, waist, buttock, and bottom. In addition, workers also perceived complaints on the right side of the body, particularly the right shoulder, right upper arm, right elbow, right lower arm, right wrist, and right hand Conclusion: Working postures that are not well-organized in terms of ergonomics during the production process of eco-bricks will provoke complaints on the limbs caused by the continuous load on the muscles on the right side of the body.

Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorders Complaints among Ikat Weaving Craftsmen in Langa Bajawa, Ngada, East Nusa Tenggara in 2022

Background: Ikat weavers work manually and non-stop for a long duration of time, which increases the risk of occupational diseases such as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Ikat weaving craftsmen perform work manually and non-stop for a long duration of time which generates occupational diseases such as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to determine the analysis of complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among ikat weavers in Langa Bajawa. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study were conducted from August to September 2022 among ikat weaving craftsmen in Langa Bajawa region, Ngada, East Nusa Tenggara. A total of 38 subjects were included in this study. The dependent variable was complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The independent variables were age, working period, duration of work, body posture, workload, repetitive activity, stretching, and back rest. The data were collected with study questionnaires, Nordic Body Map questionnaires, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) ques-tionnaires, and obser¬vations. The data were analyzed using Chi-square. Results: Age &gt;35 years (OR= 1.07; 95% CI= 1.07 to 17.79; p= 0.034), working period &gt;10 years (OR= 3.85; 95% CI= 0.98 to 15.12; p= 0.049), posture with RULA score &gt;4 (OR= 5.66; 95% CI= 1.36 to 23.46; p= 0.013), working hours &gt;8 hours/day (OR= 10.5; 95% CI= 2.16 to 51.42; p= 0.002), repetitive activity (OR= 11.55; 95% CI= 2.41 to 55.39; p= 0.001), rarely stretching (OR= 0.04; 95% CI= 0.00 to 0.27; p&lt; 0.001), and not having a backrest (OR= 0.09; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.44; p= 0.001) had a significant effect on complaints of musculoskeletal disorder in ikat weaving craftsmen. Meanwhile, the workload of a person who has a pulse of (&gt; 125 BPM) affected the complaints of MSDs, however, it was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Age &gt;35 years, working period &gt;10 years, posture with a RULA score of &gt;4, working hours &gt;8 hours/ day, repetitive activities, rarely stretching, not having a backrest, and the work¬load of a person with a pulse rate (&gt; 125 BPM) affect complaints of musculoskeletal disorder in ikat weaving craftsmen. Keywords: complaints of musculoskeletal disorders, craftsmen, ikat weaving.

Proposed Design of Assistant Tools to Reduce the Risk of Disorders (MSDS) Operator of Weaving Work Station CV XYZ

The weaving operator of CV XYZ has an unergonomic work posture with a bent back and unbalanced legs at work. This non-ergonomic condition was identified by using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire to find out complaints on 28 body parts of three operators. From the identification of weaving operators using a nordic body map, it is known that there are complaints on the back, waist, and hips of the body. Identification using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment method shows that the final result of the assessment is 11, which means that there is a need for improvement now on the operator's work posture. The results of the QEC method show an exposure score of 97.12% for operator 3 and the action that must be taken is research and changes now. To reduce the risk of high work posture, a proposal for improving the working posture of the weaving machine set up operator was formulated by designing a manual scissor lift tool. In the process of designing tools, Indonesian anthropometric data is needed. The stages of designing tools are identifying operator needs, conceptualizing tools using a need metric matrix, selecting tools concepts with combination tables and scoring concepts and describing the design of tools using AutoCAD and CATIA software. From the results of the selection of several alternative concepts, a tool in the form of a manual scissor lift was chosen which has a combination of elements, namely a square working platform design, using 2 hydraulics and raw materials made of steel. Meanwhile, the manual scissor lift specification has a maximum height of 85 cm, a footing length of 70 cm and a footing width of 46 cm. It is known that before the proposed improvement, the final result of the REBA score was 11 and after the improvement the final result of the REBA score was 4 which indicates that the operator's work posture has improved after using the assistive device, especially in the arms, legs and back of the operator

Work Facility Design of the Ergonomic Tempeh Plastic Wraps Punching Tool Reduces Musculoskeletal Complaints and Working Time (A Case Study at MSME HM Tempe Murni, Ngoto, Yogyakarta)

Abstract. Tempe Murni small unit is a tempeh processing business located in Ngoto, Bangunharjo, Sewon, Bantul, Yogyakarta. There was a work process which caused muscle fatigue on the process of making holes on the tempeh wraps using manual tool because it had not met the ergonomic standard. The work posture of the workers in doing the work was sitting on the floor, the left leg was folded inward and the right leg was stretched forward a little bit, thus, it might cause musculoskeletal complaints. Therefore, it required an ergonomic tempeh plastic wrap punching tool which could reduce the musculoskeletal complaints and the working time of the workers.The research object was the workers in the process of making holes on the tempeh plastic wraps. This research used ergonomic and anthropometric approaches to determine the dimensions of the workers’ bodies. The Nordic Body Map (NBM) and the Visual Analogue Scale were used to determine the musculoskeletal complaints of workers.The results showed that the ergonomic design of the punching tool could reduce musculoskeletal complaints of pain sensation on the upper neck from the initial Visual Analog Scala (VAS) score of 65 into mild pain category with the scale score of 25. The initial back pain complaint with a moderate category with the scale score of 70 was reduced into mild pain category with the scale score of 16. The initial moderate pain on waist with the scale score of 70 was reduced into mild pain with the scale score of 18. The initial moderate pain on buttocks with the scale score of 70 was reduced into mild pain with the scale score of 26. The initial moderate pain on the lower part of the buttocks with a scale score of 69 was reduced into mild pain with a scale score of 29. The working time was reduced from 1.03 hours/unit into 0.52 hour/unit.

ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA PETUGAS PELAYANAN TEKNIK PT. PLN ULP KENDAL DENGAN METODE NORDIC BODY MAP DAN RAPID ENTIRE BODY ASSESSMENT

Work posture or work attitude is all forms of movement that a person does while working. A good work posture is called ergonomics, which is the science of applying and adjusting work positions so as to minimize the occurrence of injuries while working. Every aspect requires a good working position, including the technical service technicians of PT. PLN ULP Kendal. This research is a qualitative field research in the form of analysis on technical service technicians of PT. PLN ULP Kendal. Data were obtained by using questionnaires and field observations. The researcher distributed questionnaires to the technicians and then observed the technicians' work positions using the field observation method. Furthermore, the results of the questionnaire were calculated using the Nordic Body Map table formula and stated that most technicians felt pain in the waist with 7 officers feeling sick. Then the results of the observations were analyzed using the REBA method and resulted in a REBA score of 3 and entered the Action Level 1 category which means the Risk Level is "Low".

Overview of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Undergraduate Students

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are defined as complaints or disorders that cause discomfort to the musculoskeletal system. During lecture activities, students are mostly in a static posture. Static and repetitive muscle loading when sitting for a long period can cause muscle fatigue due to the accumulation of lactic acid. Besides, it produces discomfort or pain in the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of the research is to describe an overview of musculoskeletal disorders in undergraduate students of the Bachelor and Professional Program of Physical Therapy Faculty of Medicine Udayana University during the lecture.&#x0D; Methods: The method of this research is descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional, which has been carried out from October to November 2021. This research used a total sampling technique. The participants were undergraduate students of the Bachelor and Professional of Physical Therapy Program, College of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, with a total of 196 participants who met the established criteria. Researchers measured musculoskeletal disorders using a Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. Analysis of research data using univariate analysis, namely age, gender, body mass index, study period, duration of the study, and musculoskeletal disorders.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that musculoskeletal disorders were mostly complained of by students, namely the waist 61.7%, then the back 59%, followed by complaints in the lower neck 53.6% and upper neck 47.4% while the lowest complaints occurred in the left leg with a percentage of 5.6%.&#x0D; Conclusion: A total of 177 (90.3%) students had musculoskeletal disorders during lectures and 19 (9.7%) did not experience musculoskeletal disorders during lectures, and 94.4% had a low risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The risk of low musculoskeletal disorders can be interpreted as not requiring improvement.

Analysis of Work Posture and Manual Handling on the Material Transport Activities of Indonesian Traditional Market Worker

This research is about the observation of workers transporting sacks in a traditional market. The worker complained about pain in many body parts like the shoulders, waist, and arms, which are presented in the results of the Nordic Body Map questionnaire. This problem can be solved by massaging the body section to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Because it is often get massaged, it makes the completion time of sack transport become longer. Work posture must be improved because too much pain piles up over long periods and can impact condition health and decrease productivity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the working posture while doing manual handling. Evaluate work posture using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Manual Handling Assessment Chart (MAC Tool). As a result, work posture and manual handling have a higher level of risk of injury, so we need to investigate and implement change. The level of risk must be reduced to at least medium risk. Using auxiliaries can improve work posture, reduce health risks, reduce load sacks, and increase work productivity. The recommended outcome is adding a skid box to improve the value of REBA and manual material handling by providing a hand trolley cart.

Analysis of Workload, Fatigue, and Musculoskeletal Complaints among Associate Nurses at Bangli General Hospital

Introduction: Nurses experienced high physical workloads, which may increase the risk of fatigue and musculoskeletal complaints. Nurse’s workplaces, especially hospitals, have not gained serious concern and attention for this issue.&#x0D; Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design aimed to analyze the workloads, fatigue, and musculoskeletal complaints among associate nurses at Bangli General Hospital, Bali. A total of 46 respondents filled out the research questionnaire given.&#x0D; Results: Based on the NASA-TLX calculations, the associate nurses’ workloads are found to be in the moderate level with the largest indicators on the PD (Physical Demand) and Performance (OP) Scale. By using the Nordic Body Map Questionnaire, most of the respondents had a low risk regarding musculoskeletal complaints and the most of musculoskeletal complaints were felt in the right and left calves, waist and back. The results of the analysis on the 30 items of self-rating test questionnaire found that most nurses experienced fatigue in a low category (57.45%) and only a small percentage of nurses experienced high fatigue category (8.51%).&#x0D; Conclusion: Workloads, fatigue, and musculoskeletal complaints need further investigations to get better understanding of the cause in order to get better solutions.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN KONSEP ERGONOMI UNTUK MENDESAIN MESIN POTONG KULIT KERANG MUTIARA

The application of the concept of ergonomics is carried out on seashell craft work facilities because the work facilities used are not in accordance with the principles and norms of ergonomics feasibility. The research objective is the redesign of cutting machines and work chairs based on various kinds of information related to human factors which include designing tools and work facilities that are more effective, safe, comfortable, healthy, and efficient (ENASE). Some of the ergonomic parameters that are used as references include aspects of anthropometry, human physical performance, effectiveness-efficiency, work productivity, and the subjectivity of complaints of body pain as a result of inappropriate positions and workloads. In this study, 1 unit of circular model of shell cutting machine was designed and 1 unit of chair / seat. With anthropometric measurements of employees and through ergonomic calculations using the 5th percentile, the dimensions of the work table (cutting table) were obtained, the size of the table height was 87, 9 cm long table 110 cm and table width 64.3 cm. Then the dimensions of the chair are also obtained as follows: seat base height 32.7 cm Chair base length 70.6 cm Chair base width 32.1 cm chair back height 56.8 cm cm, seat back width 44.5 cm After applying the principles of ergonomics, based on the results of the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, it was found that the application of ergonomic principles to work tools for clam shell workers resulted in a 128% decrease in musculoskeletal complaints. In addition to this, it also resulted in a decrease in fatigue levels of 103%. . This shows that the application of ergonomic principles has a positive impact on employees

Association Between Sitting Position and Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Medical Students During Study from Home

During the COVID-19 pandemic, learning at educational institutions continued, even though it is carried out online. Limited learning facilities affect the sitting position of students, increasing the potential for musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the lower extremities. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sitting position and musculoskeletal disorders in some parts of the lower extremities. It was quantitative, analytical observational, with a cross-sectional design study. Respondents are students at one of the medical faculty in West Java and includes 158 people. Data collection was carried out in 2020. The sitting position category was determined based on observation of the results of taking photographs while studying, and musculoskeletal complaints in 12 areas of the lower extremities were determined based on filling out the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. The data was analysed by Chi Square using SPPS 20 software. Results showed that most of the respondents sit in a certain position using a special chair and desk for studying. The knee of the respondent is mostly in a flexed position. Most respondents felt lower extremity musculoskeletal complaints in the buttocks and lower buttocks. There is an association between sitting position and musculoskeletal complaints in the knees, calves, and ankles. The ergonomic sitting position helps reduce musculoskeletal complaints in various parts of the body, including the lower extremities.&#x0D; Keywords: lower extremity, medical students, musculoskeletal disorders, sitting position

ERGONOMIC RISK ANALYSIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) ON OPERATOR UNIFORMITY FINAL INSPECTION

One of the occupational diseases in the workplace is related to ergonomics, ergonomics factors are very important to prevent work-related diseases and incidents. Disorders arising from inappropriate ergonomics affect the musculoskeletal system, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), namely disorders of body structures such as muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, nerves, cartilage, bones, and the local blood circulation system. This study aims to analyze the ergonomic risks and MSDs in workers. The population is all uniformity operators totaling 203 employees. The sample that met the inclusion criteria is 93 operators. The ergonomic risk was assessed based on the REBA sheet, and MSDs using the Nordic Body Map. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed the level of risk in the booking process is 'high' (score 8); input uniformity is 'medium' (score 6), uniformity output is 'medium' (score 7) and the balancing process is 'medium' (score 6). Uniformity final inspection operators have MSDs are 88 peoples (94.62%) and did not has MSDs are 5 peoples (5.38%). Statistical test results show that there is no relationship between age, years of service, and education on MSDs operator Uniformity Final Inspection. Suggestions for research are providing lifting aids, job training or training on ergonomic risks and safe working procedures according to ergonomic principles, and work in accordance by power zone. providing personal protective equipment such as back support and setting appropriate working time and rest hours.

Comparative Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorder Between Female and Male Mechanical Pickers in Gambung Tea Plantation, West Java

Previous research has shown that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the barriers for women to adopting tea-picking mechanization technology. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are defined as a group of injuries that affect the musculoskeletal system including nerves, tendons, muscles, and supporting structures. MSDs are also referred to as injuries due to overactivity or from using a device excessively. Some research results significantly show that gender greatly affects the level of risk of autonomic complaints and that women are more likely to show musculoskeletal symptoms than men. This study examines the comparison of musculoskeletal disorders due to the use of tea picking machines for male and female pickers. Data collection on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaints was carried out using the Nordic Body Map instrument, in the form of an open questionnaire by interviewing mechanical tea pickers directly. From the data obtained, the average difference in scores for male mechanical tea pickers is 5.3 while the average difference in scores for female mechanical tea pickers is 9. This means that the average female mechanical tea pickers experience musculoskeletal complaints 70% more height than male mechanical tea pickers. MSDs complaints comparison between male and female tea pickers with NBM measurement is 5:9. In conclusion, female mechanical tea pickers suffer from MSDs almost twice as much as males. Considering that the majority of tea pickers are women, gender-responsive machine design interventions are needed.