Factors Of Nonspecific Resistance Research Articles

CHANGES IN THE FACTORS OF NON-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

Ischemic heart disease is the most common form of heart disease.CHD occurs as a result of atheromatous changes in the vessels that supply the heart.It is the atheromatous changes in the vessels that result from decreased myocardial perfusion, which causes angina due to ischemia and can lead to myocardial infarction (MI) and/or heart failure.It is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Given that coronary heart disease is a medical and social problem today, it is important to study the diagnosis and prognosis of the course of this pathology. The refore, there is a need to find new sensitive markers for early diagnosis of this pathology. In patients with cardiovascular diseases, the functional state of the cells of the nonspecific immunity of neutrophils often depends on the form of the disease and the severity of the course, and early detection of changes in chemotaxis of neutrophils can help to more accurately assess the risk of infectious complications. Study of factors of the non-specific link of immunity in patients with coronary heart disease. Study of factors of non-specific resistance, namely determination of indicators of phagocytic number, phagocytic index, number of active phagocytes, absolute index of phagocytic activity, percentage of HST-positive neutrophils, detection of cationic lysosomal proteins with calculation of cytochemical coefficients, bactericidal activity of neutrophils (BAN) was performed in 30 patients with coronary artery disease. The control group consisted of 30 healthy age- and gender-matched volunteer donors. Thus, it was established that in patients of the group of patients with coronary artery disease, in comparison with the indicators of the control group, in addition to the decrease in phagocytic activity and activation of the redox function, there is a decrease in the number of cationic lysosomal proteins and the bactericidal activity of NG.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛЯ ГЛУБОКОСТЕЛЬНЫХ И НОВОТЕЛЬНЫХ КОРОВ НА ФОНЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БИОСТИМУЛЯТОРОВ (сообщение 2)

This article data on differentiated counting of the number of leukocytes are given, as well as the dynamics of total protein and protein fractions in the blood of animals, indicating the level of metabolic processes in a living organism, is determined. It has been established that intramuscular application of experimental biological preparations to cows 65-60, 45-40 and 25-20 days before calving stimulates the process of hematopoiesis, activates cellular factors of non-specific resistance (physiological leukocytosis, moderate eosinophilia and neutropenia with a right shift of the nucleus, lymphocytosis). The most pronounced effect was noted with three injections of the complex biological product Prevention-N-A-M. Biological preparations Prevention-N-A-M and PS-7 stimulate protein synthesis (albumins, α-, β-, γ-globulins) in the body before and after calving. The obtained results testify to the effectiveness of the tested biopreparations and make it possible to scientifically substantiate the feasibility of their use in animal husbandry as an effective way to increase the resistance of the body of cows, which can significantly improve their health and reduce the risk of diseases.

The role of neutrophilic granulocytes and cationic proteins as biomarkers of the severity of the course of infectious and non-infectious animal diseases animal diseases

Innate immunity plays a decisive role in the primary reaction of the body to microbial agents. It is realized through the activation of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance – neutrophils, macrophages and antimicrobial and regulatory substances secreted by them, which, in turn, trigger a cascade of reactions involving lymphocytes. On the surface of the mucous membranes and in mucosal secretions, neutrophils realize their function not only through phagocytosis, but also through the release of DNA and bactericidal granules that form neutrophil extracellular traps. Violation of the functioning of these cells on the surface of the mucous membranes is considered as one of the factors of the formation of pathological microbial communities, leading to the development of dysbiosis and inflammation of various localization. The completed character of phagocytosis is provided by microbicidal systems of leukocytes: cationic proteins and myeloperoxidase. They have a special immunological significance and influence the course and outcome of the disease. Myeloperoxidase and cationic proteins are the main factors of bactericidal protection.

MARKERS OF IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY REACTION IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND CONCOMITANT GOUT

Among the main groups of chronic somatic diseases, it is rheumatological diseases that make the biggest contribution to the aggravation of the health. In the structure of causes for primary disability, rheumatological pathology ranks the second position after cardiovascular diseases. Gout is a chronic, progressive disease associated with a purine metabolism disorder, characterized by an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia) and deposition in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system and internal organs of the sodium salt of uric acid (urates) with the development of acute arthritis and the formation of gouty nodules (tophus). Gout and periodontitis are inflammatory diseases by their genesis and characterized by an underlying inflammation, which is known as a protective response triggered by cellular damage caused by inflammatory agents and activation of non-specific resistance factors. This study aimed at investigating the markers of the immune-inflammatory reaction in patients with comorbidity of generalized periodontitis and gout. The results obtained can serve as essential elements for the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies for this type of comorbidity. A biochemical study was conducted on venous blood samples from 60 male inpatients with gout aged from 30 to 59 years, who received treatment at the rheumatology department of Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital. Two study groups were formed: the main group consisted of 30 patients with the comorbidity of generalized periodontitis and gout; the comparison group included 30 people with generalized periodontitis but without rheumatological pathology. The results were compared with data obtained from 20 healthy individuals (control group). The patients with generalized periodontitis and concomitant gout demonstrate a significant increase in the levels of the acute-phase protein C-RB and pro-inflammatory interleukin IL-1β. The elevated concentration of C-reactive protein confirms the presence of latent inflammation that can be potentially attributed to the comorbid course of gout and periodontitis, which may irritate the endothelium through microcrystals of uric acid and toxins from periodontal pocket microorganisms. Increased activity of IL-1β, which is known as an important factor in initiating the inflammatory process and the release of various inflammatory mediators, indicates the presence of persistent subclinical activation of autoinflammatory mechanisms.

Factors of non-specific resistance of bee hemolymph when feeding probiotic drug ‘Bilakt’

The paper presents the results of the feeding the ‘Bilakt’ probiotic on factors of non-specific resistance in bees. Hemolymph samples were taken on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days, and the activity of lysozyme and phagocytosis, bactericidal activity were determined. According to the research results, the lysozyme activity in the hemolymph of 3–5-day-old larvae and nurse bees of the experimental groups after 21 days was reliably 1.5 times higher than the control group and before feeding. The increase in the hemolymph bactericidal factor in 3–5-day-old larvae, and in nurse bees — threefold on the 21st day after the end of feeding with ‘Bilakt’ drug. Phagocytic activity before the beginning of the experiment in the hemolymph of 3–5-day-old larvae was 39.5%, on the 1st day after the end of feeding with ‘Bilakt’ it increased and exceeded this indicator by 29%. The phagocytic index before feeding was 2.04 ± 0.11. On the 1st day after the end of feeding, it increased by 18.4%, respectively. The phagocytic activity of hemolymph of nurse bees was 45.8%. Accordingly, the phagocytic index was 2.2 ± 0.12. On the 1st day after the end of ‘Bilakt’ feeding, phagocytic activity increased by 40.9%, the phagocytic index was 3.24 ± 0.1, which was 32.1% higher than the initial level. Research results indicate that the use of ‘Bilakt’ helps to improve the general physiological condition of sick bees by stimulating the cellular and humoral mechanisms of protection of insects from pathogens, i.e. increasing the non-specific protective properties of both the body of 3–5-day-old larvae and bee adults

Immune Status of Turkeys in Industrial Cultivation Conditions

The intensification of turkey farming is accompanied by the impact of various dangerous factors on the poultry’s body. This leads to a violation of metabolic processes, an imbalance in the absorption of nutrients, and immunity decrease in turkeys, which determines the relevance of the study in this area. In this regard, figuring out when immunity reduces and, in the future, increasing its effectiveness in the body of turkeys, improving metabolic processes, growth, and development of poultry determined the purpose of this study. It was found that during the first six weeks of intensive cultivation of turkeys, the body’s immune response, the activity of non-specific resistance factors on the influence of biological factors and the intensification of poultry feeding processes were effective. However, from 42 days of poultry rearing, depletion of the immune defence of the turkey body and a decrease in the activity of non-specific resistance factors were observed, which is manifested by a likely decrease in the content of total protein, albumins, and class G and M immunoglobulins in the blood of poultry (P<0.01). Analysis of the protein spectrum of turkey blood serum indicates an immunosuppressive state of the body, probably caused by the action of biological factors. By 42 days, the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, and T-cell activity of lymphocytes decrease in turkeys. Nonspecific changes in the components of the functional element of the liver were detected, which are accompanied by an increase in the number of lipid inclusions of various sizes, destructive changes in mitochondria, and a decrease in the synthetic activity of cells. Studies of the immune state of the body of turkeys, the activity of factors of non-specific resistance and liver in the cycle of intensive cultivation from 7 to 120 days revealed the presence of a critical period of decrease in the effectiveness of the body’s protection and further adequate correction. The results obtained during this study will be used for educational purposes, implemented in growing turkeys in the production conditions of “Indychka” LLC (Sumy Oblast). They are offered to all farms in Ukraine to produce turkey farming products

Features of biochemical parameters and non-specific resistance factors of vaginal contents in women with urogenital trichomoniasis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia against the background of papillomavirus infection

Research objective: to improve the effectiveness of diagnosis and prognosis of complications in women of reproductive age with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (ASCUS/CIN) of the cervix in Trichomonas and papillomavirus infection by studying the main biochemical and immunological parameters of vaginal contents. Materials and methods. 200 women of reproductive age with ASCUS/CIN of the cervix were examined against the background of papillomavirus infection associated with trichomoniasis, who were divided into three main groups according to the results of the PAP-test. Group I consisted of 50 patients with ASCUS, II – 118 women with LSiL, III – 32 patients with HSiL. The control group included 50 healthy non-pregnant women. The analysis of biochemical parameters of vaginal contents was carried out, which included determining the concentration of total protein, urea, studying mineral and lipid metabolism, glucose, enzyme activity, as well as factors of non-specific resistance – secretory immunoglobulin A and hydrogen peroxide.Results. There was a 2.6-fold increase in the amount of discharge from the genital tract and their pathological nature in patients with urogenital trichomoniasis and ASCUS/CIN against the background of papillomavirus infection, an increase in acidity by 1.2 times, the indicator of the amine test by 13 times, protein concentration by 2.3 times, compared with similar indicators in healthy women. Analysis of mineral metabolism in this contingent of patients revealed a decrease in the concentration of copper ions by 1.7 times, iron by 1.9 times, and calcium by 1.6 times. Evaluation of the enzyme activity revealed an increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase by 3.7 times, creatine phosphokinase by 10.6 times, AST by 6.5 times, ALT by 9.1 times, lactate dehydrogenase by 5.4 times, and α-amylase by 3.3 times compared to women in the control group. A decrease in the average value of sІgA content in patients with ASCUS/CIN on the background of HPV and Trichomonas invasion was found than in healthy women by 1.7, 1.9 and 2 times, respectively, in the I, II and III main groups, which can serve as a predictor of the development of post-trichomonas vaginal dysbiosis.Conclusions. Analysis of the results of studies of vaginal contents in women with ASCUS/CIN against the background of human papillomavirus and Trichomonas invasion revealed significant changes in biochemical parameters and factors of non-specific resistance, determining the corresponding pathological changes in the functional activity of the vaginal epithelium and the composition of the vaginal biotope.

Impact of General Anesthesia and Antioxidants on Cognitive, Static and Locomotor Functions During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Aim of the study: to reduce cognitive impairment during laparoscopic cholecystectomy by perioperative administration of drugs with antihypoxic and antioxidant effects under the control of stabilography. Materials and methods. We studied the effect of general anesthesia and antioxidants on cognitive, static and locomotor functions during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We studied 90 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis randomized into three experimental groups (n=30, each group). The control group was composed of 24 healthy individuals. Group 1 patients received no antioxidants, group 2 patients received the combination antioxidant drug (sodium fumarate+sodium chloride+potassium chloride+magnesium chloride) in the post-operative period, and group 3 patients received methylethylpyridinol. The patient groups were comparable in sex, age and type of inflammatory and destructive process in the gallbladder. Surgical intervention was performed under endotracheal anesthesia. Premedication with atropine and promedol was given, and anesthesia induction was carried out with propofol, fentanyl and suxamethonium. Sevoflurane, fentanyl andcisatracurium were employed to maintain anesthesia, analgesia and myorelaxation, respectively. The patients were examined before surgery, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. In the groups of patients who received antioxidant therapy, blood sampling for hematological and biochemical examinations was performed 30 min after the administration of antioxidants. Stabilographic studies and MoCA test (Montreal Scale) were performed before antioxidant administration prior to surgery and after surgery, on days 2 and 3. Results. Neuropsychological testing revealed postoperative cognitive dysfunction on standard therapy which included impaired attention and concentration, executive function, memory, speech, visual constructional skills, abstract thinking, counting, and orientation (21 points on the MoCA scale versus 28–30 points for normal). We found that the pathogenetic factors of cognitive dysfunction included insufficient antioxidant protection, decreased TNF-α and elevated interleukin-18 levels along with an increased level of C-reactive protein in plasma, which manifested as activation of free-radical oxidation processes and reduced antioxidant system and performance of nonspecific resistance. Perioperative use of the combination antioxidant drug and methylethylpyridinol antioxidants reduced the frequency and severity of postoperative cognitive impairment in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Conclusion. The most important pathogenetic factors of cognitive dysfunction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy include activation of free-radical oxidation, reduction of antioxidant defense system performance and lack of nonspecific resistance factors. Adding the combination antioxidant drug or methylethylpyridinol to the standard therapy reduces the intensity of radical oxygen species generation, maintains the antioxidant potential, activates production and secretion of nonspecific resistance factors, preventing the development and reducing the severity of cognitive disorders in the perioperative period. Neuropsychological testing and stabilographic examination allow identifying the risk of cognitive disorders in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and provide a rationale for the use of antioxidant therapy for their prevention.

Новый подход к иммунотерапии острых респираторных инфекций у детей и к профилактике бактериальных осложнений

В работе представлены механизмы действия бактериальных лизатов при острых респираторных инфекциях у детей, их значимость для активации факторов неспецифической резистентности, формирования специфического иммунитета к бактериальным агентам, особо значимым в генезе респираторных заболеваний у детей.

Influence of the probiotic preparation Immunoflor on the physiological status of a young chicken of a productive herd of egg cross

The article presents the results of studies of the effectiveness of the use of the complex probiotic preparation Immunoflor in young hens of egg cross. In the course of the research work, it was found that the use of the probiotic preparation Immunoflor does not affect the clinical and physiological state of the body of young chickens, but at the same time reduces the incidence, mortality and increases the safety of the chickens by enriching and balancing the poultry diet, reducing the conversion feed, optimization of digestion, stimulation of the development of positive microflora in the gastrointestinal tract. The use of the complex probiotic preparation Immunoflor in the diet of young chickens at a dose of 15 g/t of water and 15 g/t of feed contributes to an increase in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin concentration, activation of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance of the body of chickens, providing a normal physiological state and homeostasis.

Prospects for the use of bacterial lysates in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis

Introduction. Adenotomy is a common surgical procedure in childhood. In children with recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, a sign of lymphoproliferative syndrome of a secondary immunodeficiency state, is characterized by reduced adaptive abilities of mucosal immunity with impaired biocenosis in chronic inflammation. Pharyngeal tonsil surgery is considered stressful in frequently ill children and therefore requires preoperative preparation. In this context, it is relevant to study the nature of changes in the factors of mucosal immunity in terms of cell destruction in the nasal secretion in the complex treatment of children with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil and chronic adenoiditis, as prevention of complications in the postoperative period of adenotomy.Aim. To increase the effectiveness of the treatment of chronic adenoiditis in children with recurrent infections of the respiratory tract using the combined effect of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with monochromatic unpolarized light and bacterial lysates.Materials and methods. In order to test the hypothesis about the possibility of canceling adenotomy in 77 children aged 3-6 years with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, accompanied by chronic inflammation. The effectiveness of the complex treatment was assessed by the functional and metabolic status of nonspecific resistance factors in the nasal lavage.Results and discussion. The combined effect of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with photochromotherapy and bacterial lysates leads to the normalization of pathophysiological changes on the surface of the mucous membrane, leading to a balance of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the functional-metabolic status of NG, which makes it possible to postpone adenotomy. The best clinical result is observed when bacterial lysates are used in complex therapy in combination with physiotherapy in children with chronic adenoiditis and, to a certain extent, substantiate the advisability of a combined effect as a non-invasive and effective method.Conclusions. Topical bacteriolysate in a complex treatment regimen for children with recurrent infections of the respiratory tract against a background of chronic inflammation eliminates bacterial antigens and enhances the intrinsic defenses of the mucous membrane of the pharyngeal tonsil.

ВЛИЯНИЕ «АРКУСИТА» НА БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ, ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ СЫВОРОТКИ КРОВИ У СЕРЕБРИСТО-ЧЕРНОЙ ЛИСИЦЫ (SILVER-BLACK FOX)

The use of «Arkusit» at a dose of 20 μg / kg of body weight indicates a beneficial effect on the factors of nonspecific resistance of the silver-black fox. The concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum in the experimental group decreased by 1.8 times (P <0.001), the ALT index - by 1.2 (P <0.05). The concentration of glucose in the experimental group increased 2 times (P <0.05) compared with the control group. In animals of the experimental group, the lysozyme activity of blood serum increased 1.3 times (P <0.05), the OPR reaction and the phagocytic index - 1.4 times (P <0.05), the bactericidal activity of blood serum - 1.8 times (P <0.05). «Arcusit» stimulates the synthesis of gamma globulins, increases the opsonophagocytic, bactericidal activity of blood serum. Thus, the analysis of experimental data indicates that the drug «Arcusit» has a pronounced immunostimulating effect, providing the activation of factors of nonspecific resistance of the body of the silver-black fox.

Immunological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus damage

In 2020 the whole world was faced with an epidemiological outbreak caused by a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The information available to date suggests that the newly isolated SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus should be assigned to superantigens, the main manifestations of which, as it is known, are suppression of nonspecific resistance factors and suppression of innate immunity mechanisms associated with the formation of a systemic inflammatory response in the form of cytokine storm and pathological activation of phagocytes in the lung tissue with its alteration and subsequent fibrosis. In this case, it is quite difficult and sometimes even impossible to observe the formation of fully-fledged specific immune answer on the effect of such antigens. This, along with the high infectious nature of the disease and the associated mortality, requires special attention to the underlying immunopatomechanism(s). Perhaps that is why little information has been obtained regarding the immunogenic properties of the newly isolated SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus so far, as well as, most importantly, about the structures of the virus itself responsible for the formation of specific immunity to it. The latter will serve as the basis for patient management and vaccine development. Nevertheless, a certain point of view on this issue is already beginning to form, as tools for detecting specific antibodies are being actively developed, as well as modern diagnostic tests for coronavirus, which include real-time polymerase chain reaction, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and isothermal amplification mediated by reverse transcription. The presented analysis makes it possible to expand the understanding of the issue concerning the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, the mechanisms of the onset and development of the disease in a living organism, the formation of an immune response to the new coronavirus, and also to determine the therapeutic tactics of managing patients with severe coronavirus infection. Elucidating the mechanisms of the emergence and development of a new coronavirus infection can help scientists, general practitioners, clinicians, and laboratory physicians respond correctly to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Complex Effect Of Retinyl Acetate And Zeolite On The Resistance Of Rabbits With Aflatoxicosis

The article presents the results of studying the effect of a combination of zeolite from the Tatar-Shatrashansky deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan and retinyl acetate in rabbit aflatoxicosis on the indicators of natural resistance of animals. The duration of the experiment was 55 days. Animals of the first group received the main diet, of the second group received a toxic diet, animals of the third group were additionally injected retinyl acetate with a toxic diet at a dose of 1500 IU per individual, the rabbits of the fourth group, in addition to the toxic diet, received retinyl acetate at a dose of 1500 IU per individual and zeolite at a dose of 2% of the diet. Studies showed, that the complex use of retinyl acetate and zeolite is highly effective in case of aflatoxicosis, contributing to the normalization of clinical, biochemical indicators and non-specific resistance factors.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ НЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ОРГАНИЗМА СЛУЖЕБНЫХ СОБАК

A biopreparation Dog-Stim-N-B was developed and a scientific and practical justification was given for its feasibility in the canine center for raising dogs of the German shepherd breed. Se-lective mobilization of morphological and biochemical profiles of blood, cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance of dog organism is established against the background of intramuscular injection of first-tested biopreparation Dog-Stim-N-B and previously tested Prevention-N-E. The biologics used in the experiments showed a wide range of bio-effects: activated the production of red blood cells and increased the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of dogs, that is, im-proved hematopoiesis, but did not have a stimulating effect on the production of white blood cells; caused physiological eosinophilia, moderate neutrophylopenia with neutrophilic nucleus shift to the right and lymphocytosis; increased protein metabolism, mainly due to synthesis of albumin and γ-globulin fractions; activated cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance of the organism.

Factors of nonspecific resistance in residents of the Murmansk region and the republic of Karelia

The aim of the research was to study the factors of nonspecific resistance in residents of the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia and the possible influence of various natural and industrial environmental factors on them.Materials and methods: the indicators of cellular and humoral immunity were studied, evaluated in 2224 people living in the Murmansk region (n=1118) and in the Republic of Karelia (n=1106), for the period from 2001 to 2018. The methods used to study were buccal tests, bactericidal activity of the skin, cytochemical studies (glycogen, alkaline phosphatase) of peripheral blood and differential analysis of erythrocytes. According to the data obtained, the indices of nonspecific resistance in residents of the Murmansk region are on average within the normal range, in contrast to those in the Republic of Karelia.Results: the studies carried out revealed that human blood indices are interrelated with the indices of his nonspecific immunity when adapting to unfavorable environmental conditions in industrial cities. The following blood parameters of the inhabitants of the studied areas reacted to regional natural and industrial factors: glycogen in lymphocytes and neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, leukocytes, segmented neutrophils. Complex methods for studying the nonspecific resistance of the organism can be recommended as an express diagnosis of the influence of environmental factors on the state of the human body as a whole.

Неспецифическая резистентность телят на фоне антенатального применения кормовой пробиотической добавки

The article presents the results of studies on the use of a feed additive containing live sporeforming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sorbed on activated carbon particles, to pregnant cows for the formation of immunoglobulins in the body and their isolation in colostrum, as well as for the nonspecific resistance of the resulting calves. The experiments were conducted in the winter-spring period, when the body of cows and calves contains a reduced level of nutrients, immunoglobulins and other biologically active substances, which leads to inhibition of the function of both nonspecific resistance factors and specific immunity. It was found that the feed additive had a positive effect on the physiological and biochemical parameters of calves. In the colostrum of cows of the experimental groups, relative to the animals of the control group, the content of immunoglobulins was 36.4% higher. Calves whose mothers received a feed additive for 30 days at a dose of 20 g per head before calving had higher indicators of total protein, albumins, globulins and factors of nonspecific resistance, such as bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity of neutrophils.

Влияние препарата природной двуспиральной РНК при интраназальном введении на факторы неспецифической резистентности дыхательных путей

В экспериментах на мышах проведено исследование влияния препарата дрожжевой двуспиральной РНК (дсРНК) при интраназальном введении на синтез интерферонов тканями респираторного тракта и активность альвеолярных макрофагов. Показано, что препарат в дозе 15 мг/кг обладает интерферон-индуцирующими свойствами, которые проявляются в повышении уровня интерферона альфа в ткани носоглотки и легких через 5 часов после 1 – 2-кратного введения, а также способностью модулировать фагоцитарную активность альвеолярных макрофагов. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о стимуляции под действием дсРНК факторов неспецифической резистентности дыхательных путей, играющих важную роль в формировании противовирусной защитной реакции.

ОЦЕНКА НЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОЙ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ПОЛОСТИ РТА У КУРИЛЬЩИКОВ

Object. The article presents an assessment of the effect of smoking on factors of non-specific resistance of oral mucosa by the reaction of adsorption of microorganisms by epithelial cells. Purpose. is to detect and evaluate changes in non-specific oral mucosa resistance in smoking patients. Methodology. A clinical examination of the oral cavity 120 volunteers (58 women and 62 men) aged 18 to 44 years (average age: 22, 50 ± 2.59) was conducted. Three groups 2 participants have been formed: the main group (75 people) ― smokers and the comparison group (45 people) - non-smoking volunteers. The material taken twice: in smokers - before and 15 minutes after smoking, in non-smokers (for reliability) ― initially and after 15 minutes. A sterile instrument used to cut epithelium off the mucosa portion of the inner surface of the cheek, transfer it to a slide, dry, stain and microscopy the preparations. The integrity of the epithelial cell structure, their size, the intensity of the core staining and the cytoplasm evaluated. Depending on the number of microorganisms adsorbed on their surface, the viewed epithelial cells divided into 4 categories. Results. A change in the adsorption response of microorganisms by epithelial cells indicates a negative influence of tobacco on the oral mucosa. Conclusions. Smoking negatively affects the state of local immunity ― non-specific resistance of oral mucosa. Changes in the adsorption response of microorganisms by oral mucosa epithelial cells can be used in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases of oral organs arising from smoking.

Influence of Marmix premix on the state of lipid peroxidation and indices of non-specific resistance of the organism of pregnant mares with microelementosis

We observed the processes of lipid peroxidation, characterized by increased content of intermediate and its end products (diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides, malonic dialdehyde), in the blood of the pregnant mares. The changes of the data of indicators in the organism of the mares at the 9–11 months of pregnancy were established. The level of diene conjugates in the blood of animals was 3.6 ± 0.12 μmol/l, 33.3 and 44.0%, which was higher compared to non-pregnant mares and mares at 4th month of pregnancy. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of mares increased by 100% and by 42.9% in the blood of non-pregnant mares and mares at 4th month of pregnancy. The concentration of malondialdehyde in the blood of mares increased by 75.0%, 51.2% and 25.0% compared to non-pregnant mares and mares at 4th and 7th month of pregnancy, respectively. The results of our research showed that the mineral-vitamin premix Marmix had a positive influence on the state of lipid peroxidation products, contributed to their lowering in the blood of pregnant mares, which demonstrated antioxidant action and stimulated the function of the immune system. It was established that the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of the blood serum and the concentration of circulating immune complexes increases in the mares with lack of trace elements. It was shown that feeding mares during the 9–11 months of pregnancy with the mineral-vitamin premix Marmix had a positive influence on the state of humoral factors of nonspecific resistance. In particular, the concentration of bactericidal activity of serum increased by 31.0%, lysozyme activity of blood serum – 45.4% and contributed to the decrease of the concentration of circulating immune complexes in serum by 3.8 times. The use of mineral-vitamin premix Marmix during 60 days in feeding pregnant mares caused a restoration of the clinical status, a decrease in the content of lipid peroxidation products.