The role of neutrophilic granulocytes and cationic proteins as biomarkers of the severity of the course of infectious and non-infectious animal diseases animal diseases

Abstract

Innate immunity plays a decisive role in the primary reaction of the body to microbial agents. It is realized through the activation of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance – neutrophils, macrophages and antimicrobial and regulatory substances secreted by them, which, in turn, trigger a cascade of reactions involving lymphocytes. On the surface of the mucous membranes and in mucosal secretions, neutrophils realize their function not only through phagocytosis, but also through the release of DNA and bactericidal granules that form neutrophil extracellular traps. Violation of the functioning of these cells on the surface of the mucous membranes is considered as one of the factors of the formation of pathological microbial communities, leading to the development of dysbiosis and inflammation of various localization. The completed character of phagocytosis is provided by microbicidal systems of leukocytes: cationic proteins and myeloperoxidase. They have a special immunological significance and influence the course and outcome of the disease. Myeloperoxidase and cationic proteins are the main factors of bactericidal protection.