Non-uniform Changes Research Articles

Direct evidence of the non-uniform electrodeposition of zinc at the early stage

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising electrical energy-storage systems for their eco-friendliness, low cost and high-safety. Although there have been a lot of studies recently on the Zn metal anode, little attention has been paid to its initial nucleation and growth behavior, which is critical to the understanding of fundamental mechanisms of the Zn plating. Herein, the digital holographic surface imaging (DHSI) method, combined synchronously with electrochemical tests, is employed to in-situ observe the non-uniform concentration changes on the surface of the copper substrate caused by the Zn nucleation and growth at the early stage. It is the first time to observe the early uneven depositions from a perspective of solution concentration changes in a symmetrical battery system. Results show that the later dendritic growth of Zn is closely related to the nucleation and earlier deposition process. Based on the phase maps obtained with in-situ DHSI technique, the nucleation and growth during the Zn electrodeposition can be closely investigated and vividly demonstrated, offering a promising avenue towards the understanding of the interfacial electrochemistry in all aqueous metal-ion batteries.

Effect of Al2O3 addition on the thermal expansion of sodium alkaline‐earth silicate glasses: A molecular dynamics study

AbstractCoefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is an important property to consider when utilizing oxide glasses in thermal treatment processes to avoid thermal damage at the interfaces of the glasses with heterogeneous materials. It is thus important to know the effect of additives on CTE for designing glasses. The use of alumina efficiently improves chemical and mechanical durability of oxide glasses while maintaining the functionality and productivity; however, alumina‐doping often induces nonlinear variation of CTE. In this work, we therefore tried to investigate the relationship between CTE and the microstructure of sodium alkaline‐earth aluminosilicate glasses using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To accurately model the glasses, we extended a force‐matching potential by optimizing the parameter sets for Ca–O, Mg–O, and Na–O pair interactions using Bayesian optimization. The MD simulations reproduced the nonlinear variation of CTE as a function of alumina content, and detailed structural analyses identified inhomogeneous expansion in the glasses. It was found that the nonuniform CTE change at the nanoscale was related to the formation of an alumina‐rich region, in which more fivefold‐coordinated aluminum exist, when alumina content exceeded Na2O content. Accordingly, the microstructural change by alumina‐doping was identified as the origin of the nonlinear variation in the CTE of the glasses.

Non-uniform phase change material strategy for directional mitigation of battery thermal runaway propagation

Thermal runaway propagation of the power battery pack is an essential factor affecting the safety of electric vehicles. The commonly adopted propagation inhibition methods mainly include adding heat insulation materials and enlarging battery spacing, which could cause problematic heat dissipation and lower the system energy density. Herein, an innovative battery thermal management system composed of non-uniform thermal conductivity phase change materials and assisted liquid cooling is proposed. Combining the phase change materials with high and low thermal conductivity balances heat transfer and heat insulation requirements. The cooling performance and the ability of thermal runaway propagation mitigation of the proposed schemes are numerically studied. The results show that the proposed strategy can meet the heat dissipation requirements under normal operation and control the thermal runaway in a safe range by transferring the heat generated from the battery thermal runaway in the set direction. The maximum battery temperature and the temperature difference are 38.1 °C and 2.1 °C, respectively, under 3C discharge. Under thermal runaway conditions, the strategy successful confines the thermal runaway propagation within the middle row. The maximum battery temperature in other rows can be controlled under the irreversible thermal runaway reaction temperature of 200 °C. Further study found that increased thermal conductivity benefits the battery heat dissipation and reduces the risk of thermal runaway. However, it propagates faster and broader once the thermal runaway is triggered. In comparison, the decrease of thermal conductivity is beneficial to the mitigation of propagation but may reduce the overall heat dissipation of the battery module. This study can provide a new way to solve the contradiction between battery temperature control and thermal runaway spread suppression.

Multiphase flow and geomechanical responses of interbedded hydrate reservoirs during depressurization gas production for deepwater environment

The coupled multiphase flow and geomechanical responses are very important considerations in planning offshore hydrate production. In this work, a novel thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled simulator has been developed to investigate the THM responses of interbedded hydrate reservoirs using depressurization method in the offshore India. Based on the detailed geological data at the NGHP-02-16 site, a more realistic hydrate reservoir model is constructed to analyze the unique multiphase flow and geomechanical responses induced by depressurization. The results indicate that the average gas production rate of this work is 6370 ST m3/d, which is significantly lower than the previous numerical result of about 9000 ST m3/d using the same 3 MPa production pressure. This is mainly because the geomechanical response gives negative feedback to flow through the stress-dependent porosity and permeability. The reservoir heterogeneity results in the non-uniform hydrate dissociation and effective stress changes in the marine sediments. The depressurization results in significant increase of shear stress and vertical compaction in the hydrate reservoir. The maximum shear stress is no more than 2 MPa and is mainly concentrated in the top and bottom regions of the production interval. The maximum seafloor subsidence is 1.15 m during 100 days depressurization test. Sensitivity analysis results suggest that the production pressure and perforation length are two important parameters affect the gas productivity and mechanical stability. The low production pressure is recommended under the premise of mechanical stability for gas production from hydrate reservoirs. Perforation in the underlying water-saturated sand layer will lead to more serious water production and seafloor subsidence. The coupled multiphase flow and geomechanical results presented in this work are helpful to design the safe hydrate production scheme in the future.

Air Quality and Traffic Trends in Cincinnati, Ohio during the COVID-19 Pandemic

During 2020, the stay-at-home order mandated in response to the COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in traffic volumes in Cincinnati, OH. Air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5, black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen dioxide (NOX), and ozone (O3)) monitored at two ground monitoring sites in the city of Cincinnati were analyzed intra-annually in 2020 to quantify if the stay-at-home order impacted air quality. Interannual analyses were also conducted to evaluate differences in 2020 data versus historical years (2016–2019). Traffic volume data were also analyzed, where it was observed that, compared to pre-pandemic 2020, total traffic counts decreased by up to 26.41% during Ohio’s stay-at-home order, while heavy-duty vehicle traffic increased by up to 26.95% during the latter half of 2020. Statistical analysis indicated nonuniform changes in air pollutant concentrations at both sites throughout 2020. During the lockdown period at the central monitoring site, PM2.5 increased by 9%, while NO2 decreased by 30% compared to pre-pandemic concentrations in 2020. For BC and CO, there were no significant changes.

Three‐dimensional architecture of human medial gastrocnemius fascicles in vivo: Regional variation and its dependence on muscle size

Fascicle architecture (length and pennation angle) can vary regionally within a muscle. The architectural variability in human muscles has been evaluated in vivo, but the interindividual variation and its determinants remain unclear. Considering that within-muscle non-uniform changes in pennation angle are associated with change in muscle size by chronic mechanical loading, we hypothesized that the regional variation in fascicle architecture is dependent on interindividual variation in muscle size. To test this hypothesis, we reconstructed fascicles three-dimensionally along and across the whole medial gastrocnemius in the right lower leg of 15 healthy adults (10 males and 5 females, 23.7 ± 3.3 years, 165.8 ± 8.3cm, 61.9 ± 11.4kg, mean ± standard deviation) in neutral ankle joint position with the knee fully extended, using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and tractography. The 3D-reconstructed fascicles arose from the deep aponeurosis with variable lengths and angles both in sagittal and coronal planes. The fascicle length was significantly longer in the middle (middle-medial: 52.4 ± 6.1 mm, middle-lateral: 52.0 ± 5.1 mm) compared to distal regions (distal-medial: 41.0 ± 5.0 mm, distal-lateral: 38.9 ± 3.6 mm, p < 0.001). The 2D pennation angle (angle relative to muscle surface) was significantly greater in distal than middle regions, and medial than lateral regions (middle-medial: 26.6 ± 3.1°, middle-lateral: 24.1 ± 2.3°, distal-medial: 31.2 ± 3.6°, distal-lateral: 29.2 ± 3.0°, p ≤ 0.017), while only a proximo-distal difference was significant (p < 0.001) for 3D pennation angle (angle relative to line of action of muscle). These results clearly indicate fascicle's architectural variation in 3D. The magnitude of regional variation evaluated as standard deviation across regions differed considerably among individuals (4.0-10.7 mm for fascicle length, 0.9-5.0° for 2D pennation angle, and 3.0-8.8° for 3D pennation angle), which was positively correlated with the muscle volume normalized to body mass (r=0.659-0.828, p ≤ 0.008). These findings indicate muscle-size dependence of the variability of fascicle architecture.

Analysis of time-fractional non-linear Kawahara Equations with power law kernel

In this article, we study time-fractional non-linear Kawahara and modified Kawahara equations with Caputos fractional derivative. A variety of integral transforms with Adomian decomposition are applied to obtain the general series solutions of the considered models. The efficiency of the proposed methods is confirmed by numerical examples under suitable initial conditions. From the numerical results, one can see that the attained series solutions converge to the exact solutions of the systems. The stability of the applied methods is investigated using the principle of Banach contraction and S-stable mapping. For the Kawahara Equation, it is observed that the amplitude of the system enhances as time increases for fixed values of fractional orders. Similarly, for stable temporal variables, when the fractional-order increases, the amplitude of the solitary wave solution also increases. Similarly, for the modified system, the wave amplitude is also enhanced with variations in time (t). It infers that when (α) increases, it significantly decreases the wave amplitude. It is also observed that uniform changes take place in the wave amplitude with time (t). However, non-uniform changes in wave amplitude occur for different values of α. The absolute error between the exact and obtained series solutions is presented. It is revealed that the absolute error in the systems reduces promptly when x increases at a comparatively small time t, whereas the increment in iterations decreases the error in the systems.

Compressive behaviour of corroded thin-walled circular section steel stub columns

The influences of corrosion on the buckling behaviour and bearing capacity of the circular section steel tubular (CST) stub columns subject to axial compression were investigated experimentally and numerically. Seven CST stub columns with chloride corrosion were investigated. After the accelerated chloride corrosion test on CST stub columns, three methods were used to evaluate the corrosion degree of each specimen. A monotonic axial compression test was then carried out. Based on the test results, the influence of corrosion degree on failure mode, bearing capacity and deformation behaviour were analysed. In addition, the surface morphology of the corroded column was obtained by a 3D Scanner and processed by Geomagic Studio software. Then the reconstructed models were imported into finite element (FE) software ABAQUS. This novel method considering the natural morphology of surface corrosion was verified by comparing the FE solutions to the experimental result. Based on the verified FE model, the deterioration of the mechanical behaviour of corroded compression stub columns under the actual rusty surface was also studied. It was found that the rough surface of the corroded specimens cause non-uniform stress distribution and change buckling mode. Parametric analysis, therefore, was conducted to study the influences of the corrosion degree and steel grade on the yield load. Finally, the proposed design formula is able to predict the axial compression strength of the rusty stub column with reasonable accuracy.

A robust subpixel refinement technique using self‐adaptive edge points matching for vision‐based structural displacement measurement

AbstractApplying a subpixel refinement technique in vision‐based displacement sensing can significantly improve the measurement accuracy. However, digital image signals from the camera are highly sensitive to drastically varying lighting conditions in the field measurements of structural displacement, causing pixels expressing a tracking target to have nonuniform grayscale intensity changes in different recording video frames. Traditional feature points‐based subpixel refinement techniques are neither robust nor accurate enough in this case, presenting challenges for accurate measurement. This paper proposes a robust subpixel refinement technique—self‐adaptive edge points matching (SEPM)—to obtain accurate subpixel‐level displacements under drastic illumination change conditions. Different from traditional feature points‐based methods, the gradient and shape information of the target edge contour are used in the SEPM calculation. Three tests under different illumination conditions were conducted to evaluate the performance of the SEPM. The results show that the SEPM is capable of producing accurate subpixel‐level displacement data with less 1/16‐pixel root mean‐square error.

Analysis of Extreme Temperature Variations on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in Southwestern China over the Past 60 Years

Analysis of variations in 12 extreme temperature indices at 68 meteorological stations on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) in southwestern China during 1960–2019 revealed widespread significant changes in all temperature indices. The temperature of the hottest days and coldest nights show significantly increasing trends, and the frequencies of the warm days and nights also present similar trends. The temperature of the coldest night has a significant and strong warming trend (0.38 °C/decade), whereas the frequency of frost days shows the fastest decrease (1.5 days/decade). Increases in the summer days are statistically significant, while a decreasing trend for the diurnal temperature range is not significant. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the changes of temperature indices between 1960–1989 and 1990–2019. Most parts of the YGP underwent significant warning, manifesting that the mountainous regions are relatively sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. The correlation coefficients between the temperature indices and various geographical factors (latitude, longitude, and height) reflect the complexity of regional temperature variability and indicate enhanced sensitivity of extreme temperatures to geographical factors on the YGP. It was also found that extreme temperatures generally had weaker correlations with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, North Pacific Index, Southern Oscillation Index, North Atlantic Oscillation, and East Asian Summer Monsoon Index than with the South Asian summer monsoon index, Nino4 indices and Arctic Oscillation, and there were more insignificant correlations. Regional trends of the extreme temperature indices reflect the non-uniform temperature change over the YGP, which is due to the complex interaction between atmospheric circulation patterns and local topography. The results of this study have important practical significance for mitigating the adverse effects of extreme climatic changes, in particular for the YGP with its typical karst geomorphology and fragile ecological environment.

Computational Evidence for Tunneling and a Hidden Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Tetrahydrocannabinol.

Quantum tunneling is computed for a reaction sequence that models the conversion of the ortho-quinone methide of cannabigerolic acid 1 to the decarboxylated product (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 3). This calculation is the first to evaluate multidimensional tunneling in this sequence. Computations were carried out with POLYRATE and GAUSSRATE using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) to examine the mechanism of THC 3 formation. The pentyl chain on THC 3 and its precursors were replaced with a methyl group to compute tunneling contributions to the rates of four separate steps: (i) initial Diels-Alder reaction of the quinone methide with the trisubstituted alkene end-group of the geranyl 1Z-CH3 to give 2Z-CH3, (ii) acid-catalyzed keto-enol tautomerization, which converts 2rZ-CH3 to 4rZ-CH3, (iii) carboxyl rotamerization converting 4rZ-CH3 to 4E-CH3, and (iv) decarboxylation that converts 4E-CH3 to 3-CH3. Tunneling contributions to the rate constants of steps (i)-(iv) are between 19 and 76% at 293 K. In step (ii), nonuniform changes in the zero-point vibrational energy along the reaction path created a shallow minimum in the 0 K free energy. It is a hidden intermediate because it is not a minimum on the potential energy surface and is detectable only when zero-point energy is taken into account along the reaction path. Predicted kinetic isotope effects would be experimentally observable at temperatures that are convenient to use. This is particularly relevant in the decarboxylation stage of the reaction sequence and has important implications because of its role in THC 3 formation.

Transient temperature heterogeneous distribution analysis in three-dimensional passive µDMFC

In this paper, the transient temperature heterogeneous distribution analysis in three-dimensional passive micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (µDMFC) is presented in detail. The metal-based µDMFC with the effective area of 1.0 cm2 is fabricated to verify the correctness of the model. By coupling the mass transport, momentum transport, electron-proton conduction and heat transfer mechanisms, the models of the whole cell and a single flow channel are established, and the non-uniform temperature changes in different stages of the cell are analyzed. Simulation results manifest that the temperature of collector and channel is in heterogeneous distribution state during the process of the fuel cell from starting work to reaching a stable trend. Due to the different fluids in the cathode and anode flow channels, the inside of flow channels also presents different heating trends. In addition, the temperature-increasing rate of each part of the cell after starting work is also simulated. The results can be used as a reference for the inner heterogeneous transfer and startup phase optimization of fuel cells.

Effects of refractive accommodation on subfoveal choroidal thickness in silicone oil-filled eyes

PurposeTo investigate the effects of refractive accommodation on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in silicone oil (SO)-filled eyes.MethodsThis retrospective, self-comparative study was conducted on 40 patients with unilateral macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, who underwent vitrectomy and SO tamponade. The SFCT of SO-filled eyes and the fellow control eyes were measured using optical coherence tomography at their one-month visit after surgery. The patients wore soft contact positive lenses for 24 h in the SO-filled eyes, to correct their refractive error. SFCT and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured before and after wearing the contact lenses. Mean SFCT was compared between SO-filled eyes and the fellow control eyes, and SFCT and CVI were compared before and after refractive error correction in the SO-filled eyes.ResultsMean SFCT of SO-filled eyes (221.52 ± 38.41 um) was less than that of the fellow eyes (273.41 ± 31.30 um) (P < 0.001). After refractive error correction, the mean SFCT increased to 269.28 ± 36.90 um(P < 0.001). However, CVI decreased from 57.01 ± 2.41 to 55.39 ± 2.39 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSFCT reduction in SO-filled eyes was primarily due to the hyperopia status. The non-uniform change in CVI suggests that changes in CT are mainly attributed to a greater expansion of the stromal area instead of the choroidal vascular area.Trial registrationThis study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Central Theater General Hospital, approval number No. [2020]058–1, retrospectively registered.

Non-uniform changes in different daily precipitation events in the contiguous United States

This study examines changes in characteristics (amount, frequency, intensity) of daily precipitation in the contiguous United States (CONUS) using high-quality records for a long-term period (1900–2018) and a more recent period (1950–2018) at different temporal (annual and seasonal scales) and different spatial scales (national and sub-regional scales). Results show that the patterns of change during the two periods are very similar. First, on the annual basis, we find an overall increase in the total annual precipitation, frequency of wet days, and intensity of precipitation in both periods in the CONUS, with percentages of stations showing significant increasing trends significantly larger than what can be expected by chance. Second, stations with significant increasing trends are mainly concentrated in eastern CONUS, while stations with decreasing trends are located on the west coast and partial southeast coast. Specifically, the amounts and frequencies of light, moderate, and heavy precipitation mostly have significantly increased at more than 10% of stations. In both periods, there is a non-uniform change for three intensity categories of precipitation, with the frequency and total amount of events with higher intensity showing a larger rate of change, resulting in the smaller contribution of light precipitation to annual total precipitation but larger contribution due to heavy precipitation. Such non-uniform changes can also be observed in most sub-regions and seasons. Moreover, the estimated sensitivities of the amount of light, moderate, heavy precipitation, and heaviest precipitation event to global surface temperature increase for the 1900–2018 period is comparable with that for the 1950–2018 period, indicating that sampling period does not have a substantial effect on the scaling relationship between the amount of different precipitation events and global mean temperature.

Heatstroke-related ambulance dispatch risk before and during COVID-19 pandemic: Subgroup analysis by age, severity, and incident place

BackgroundIn summer 2020 under the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has made public warnings that specific preventive measures such as maskwearing and stay-at-home orders, may increase heatstroke risk. In our previous work, we found a lower risk of heatstroke-related ambulance dispatches (HSAD) during the COVID-19 period, however, it is uncertain whether similar risk reductions can be observed in different vulnerable subgroups. This study aimed to determine the HSAD risk during the COVID-19 pandemic by age, severity, and incident place subgroups. MethodA summer-specific (June–September), time-series analysis was performed, using daily HSAD and meteorological data from 47 Japanese prefectures from 2017 to 2020. A two-stage analysis was applied to determine the association between HSAD and COVID-19 pandemic, adjusting for maximum temperature, humidity, seasonality, and relevant temporal adjustments. A generalized linear model was utilized in the first stage to estimate the prefecture-specific effect estimates. Thereafter, a fixed effect meta-analysis in the second stage was implemented to pool the first stage estimates. Subsequently, subgroup analysis via an interaction by age, severity, and incident place was used to analyze the HSAD risk among subgroups. ResultsA total of 274,031 HSAD cases was recorded across 47 Japanese prefectures. The average total number of HSAD in the pre-COVID-19 period was 69,721, meanwhile, the COVID-19 period was 64,869. Highest reductions in the risks was particularly observed in the young category (ratio of relative risk (RRR) = 0.54, 95% Confidential Interval (CI): 0.51, 0.57) compared to the elderly category. Whereas highest increment in the risks were observed in severe/death (RRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.37) compared to the mild category. ConclusionCOVID-19 situation exhibited a non-uniform change in the HSAD risk for all subgroups, with the magnitude of the risks varying by age, severity, and incident place.

Cortical state dynamics and selective attention define the spatial pattern of correlated variability in neocortex

Correlated activity fluctuations in the neocortex influence sensory responses and behavior. Neural correlations reflect anatomical connectivity but also change dynamically with cognitive states such as attention. Yet, the network mechanisms defining the population structure of correlations remain unknown. We measured correlations within columns in the visual cortex. We show that the magnitude of correlations, their attentional modulation, and dependence on lateral distance are explained by columnar On-Off dynamics, which are synchronous activity fluctuations reflecting cortical state. We developed a network model in which the On-Off dynamics propagate across nearby columns generating spatial correlations with the extent controlled by attentional inputs. This mechanism, unlike previous proposals, predicts spatially non-uniform changes in correlations during attention. We confirm this prediction in our columnar recordings by showing that in superficial layers the largest changes in correlations occur at intermediate lateral distances. Our results reveal how spatially structured patterns of correlated variability emerge through interactions of cortical state dynamics, anatomical connectivity, and attention.

Regional comparison of CMIP3 and CMIP5 precipitation characteristics

The improvements in the regional precipitation characteristics over the land regions of globe from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-3 (CMIP3) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-5 (CMIP5) model group are examined. This research employed 11 General Circulation Model (GCMs) from both generation of models and combined them from both Multi Model Averaging (MMA) and Bayesian Multi Model Averaging (BMA) to ascertain the upgradation in projections for both seasons. BMA method offer better alternative to MMA as higher weights are assigned to better performing models for more skillful regional projections. Our results elucidate the fact that both combinations of models and methods inform spatially similar non-uniform changes in projections of precipitation across these models. The models do not express much progress in mean simulations for both 20th and 21st century projections. Thus lower uncertainty for CMIP5 group than CMIP3 is observed. Therefore, the findings highlight that mere comparisons based on mean statistics alone may not be sufficient to understand their progress. However, advanced methods of analysis provide better insights in their model development.

Quantifying the Effect of Uniform and Non-Uniform Changes in Ground Temperature on Outdoor Mean Radiant Temperature with Discrete Ground View Factors of Various Heights

Quantifying the Effect of Uniform and Non-Uniform Changes in Ground Temperature on Outdoor Mean Radiant Temperature with Discrete Ground View Factors of Various Heights

A SIFT Description Approach for Non-Uniform Illumination and Other Invariants

The new improvement keypoint description technique of image-based recognition for rotation, viewpoint and non-uniform illumination situations is presented. The technique is relatively simple based on two procedures, i.e., the keypoint detection and the keypoint description procedure. The keypoint detection procedure is based on the SIFT approach, Top-Hat filtering, morphological operations and average filtering approach. Where this keypoint detection procedure can segment the targets from uneven illumination particle images. While the keypoint description procedures are described and implemented using the Hu moment invariants. Where the central moments are being unchanged under image translations. The sensitivity, accuracy and precision rate of data sets were evaluated and compared. The data set are provided by color image database with variants uniform and non-uniform illumination, viewpoint and rotation changes. The evaluative results show that the approach is superior to the other SIFTs in terms of uniform illumination, non-uniform illumination and other situations. Additionally, the paper demonstrates the high sensitivity of 100%, high accuracy of 83.33% and high precision rate of 80.00%. Comparisons to other SIFT approaches are also included.

Local Sea-Level Rise Caused by Climate Change in the Northwest Pacific Marginal Seas Using Dynamical Downscaling

Global climate models (GCMs) have limited capacity in simulating spatially non-uniform sea-level rise owing to their coarse resolutions and absence of tides in the marginal seas. Here, regional ocean climate models (RCMs) that consider tides were used to address these limitations in the Northwest Pacific marginal seas through dynamical downscaling. Four GCMs that drive the RCMs were selected based on a performance evaluation along the RCM boundaries, and the latter were validated by comparing historical results with observations. High-resolution (1/20°) RCMs were used to project non-uniform changes in the sea-level under intermediate (RCP 4.5) and high-end emissions (RCP 8.5) scenarios from 2006 to 2100. The predicted local sea-level rise was higher in the East/Japan Sea (EJS), where the currents and eddy motions were active. The tidal amplitude changes in response to sea-level rise were significant in the shallow areas of the Yellow Sea (YS). Dynamically downscaled simulations enabled the determination of practical sea-level rise (PSLR), including changes in tidal amplitude and natural variability. Under RCP 8.5 scenario, the maximum PSLR was ∼85 cm in the YS and East China Sea (ECS), and ∼78 cm in the EJS. The contribution of natural sea-level variability changes in the EJS was greater than that in the YS and ECS, whereas changes in the tidal contribution were higher in the YS and ECS. Accordingly, high-resolution RCMs provided spatially different PSLR estimates, indicating the importance of improving model resolution for local sea-level projections in marginal seas.