Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs In Water Research Articles

Photocatalytic degradation of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water under visible light by P25-TiO2/tetraethyl orthosilicate film and determination via ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Photocatalytic degradation of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) — salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac in water has been investigated using a novel P25-TiO2/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) film on glazed ceramic surface under a visible light incubator. Influences of main parameters, such as adsorption, stir, initial pH, amount of P25-TiO2/TEOS and irradiation time has been studied. Results show that the degradations of four NSAIDs obtained maximum and equilibrium effect within 10h of irradiation at pH 6.0 condition. The maximum degradation effects of salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac under optimum conditions are 76%, 85%, 94% and 65%, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation reactions follow first order kinetics. Naproxen is selected as the representative to analyze the photocatalytic products, and a probable photocatalytic degradation pathway of naproxen is put forward. To support the degradation kinetics study a rapid, sensitive and accurate ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method has been developed.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Determination in Water Samples by HPLC-DAD under Isocratic Conditions

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of medications widely used by man to heal certain ailments. However, after consumption, they may be excreted in wastewaters with consequent environmental effects. NSAIDs are endocrine disruptors that can cause changes in animal physiology. The purpose of this study was to implement an analytical method that permits the determination of the presence of NSAIDs in water. Compound extraction was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using an Oasis HLB cartridge. Analytes were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The method was applied in water from the Maipo River and from a neighboring wastewater treatment plant in the Metropolitan Region of Pajaritos, Vina, Tuberia, Union and Gansos sampling points in Chile. This method turned out to be adequate for the determination of NSAIDs in water samples with recovery percentages above 80%. Naproxen and ibuprofen were mostly detected in the Maipo River water samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.33 to 0.83 µg L-1.