Nonspecific Response Research Articles

Immunoprofiling: An Encouraging Method for Predictive Factors Examination in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy

The efficiency of immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies that inhibit immune checkpoints has been proven in many clinical studies and well documented by numerous registration approaches. To date, PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) are the only validated predictive factors used for the qualification of cancer patients for immunotherapy. However, they are not the ideal predictive factors. No response to immunotherapy could be observed in patients with high PD-L1 expression, TMB, or MSI. On the other hand, the effectiveness of this treatment method also may occur in patients without PD-L1 expression or with low TMB and with microsatellite stability. When considering the best predictive factor, we should remember that the effectiveness of immunotherapy relies on an overly complex process depending on many factors. To specifically stimulate lymphocytes, not only should their activity in the tumor microenvironment be unlocked, but above all, they should recognize tumor antigens. The proper functioning of the anticancer immune system requires the proper interaction of many elements of the specific and non-specific responses. For these reasons, a multi-parameter analysis of the immune system at its different activity levels is considered a very future-oriented predictive marker. Such complex immunological analysis is performed using modern molecular biology techniques. Based on the gene expression studies, we can determine the content of individual immune cells within the tumor, its stroma, and beyond. This includes all cell types from active memory cytotoxic T cells, M1 macrophages, to exhausted T cells, regulatory T cells, and M2 macrophages. In this article, we summarize the possibilities of using an immune system analysis to predict immunotherapy efficacy in cancer patients. Moreover, we present the advantages and disadvantages of immunoprofiling as well as a proposed future direction for this new method of immune system analysis in cancer patients who receive immunotherapy.

Causes of stress for ballet dancers

The term stress, introduced by Hans Selye, was defined as „non-specific adaptive response to various kinds of agents” [11, p. 473]. H. Selye also makes the difference between eustress (appears on happy life events) and distress (identified in negative, traumatic events) [8]. Dancers may experience a lot of stressors such as: injuries, body image, aging, the need to keep their place in the company, performances, costumes, stage partner, etc.

Granulomatous bacterial diseases in fish: An overview of the host's immune response

Bacterial diseases represent the main impediment to the development of fish aquaculture. Granulomatous diseases caused by bacteria lead to fish culture losses by high mortality rates and slow growth. Bacteria belonging to genera Streptococcus spp., Mycobacterium sp., Nocardia sp., Francisella sp., and Staphylococcus sp. have been implicated in the development of granulomatous processes. The granuloma formation and the fish's immune response continue to be the subject of scientific research. In fish, the first defense line is constituted by non-specific humoral factors through growth-inhibiting substances such as transferrin and antiproteases, or lytic effectors as lysozyme and antimicrobial peptides, and linking with non-specific phagocyte responses. If the first line is breached, fish produce antibody constituents for a specific humoral defense inhibiting bacterial adherence, as well as the mobilization of non-phagocytic host cells and counteracting toxins from bacteria. However, bacteria causing granulomatous diseases can be persistent microorganisms, difficult to eliminate that can cause chronic diseases, even using some immune system components to survive. Understanding the infectious process leading to granulomatosis and how the host's immune system responds against granulomatous diseases is crucial to know more about fish immunology and develop strategies to overcome granulomatous diseases.

ТЕХНОГЕНЕЗ И СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ РЕАКЦИИ ДРЕВЕСНЫХ ВИДОВ: ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ, АДАПТАЦИИ, СТРАТЕГИИ. ЧАСТЬ 2. ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФУНКЦИИ.

The present publication is the first of four reviews of reports that have been published over the last 20 years to address the responses of arboreal plants at different hierarchical levels of their organization to anthropogenic factors. The publication covers the effects of different kinds of industrial pollution on macro- and micromorphology of broad and acerose leaves. The specific and nonspecific responses of arboreal plants to the same factor or to different factors, including smokes and toxicants, are differentiated. The adaptive responses within a single leaf or needle may be relatively independent from each other despite the integrity of these plant organs. The causes of such diverse reactions, which ensure the adaptive potential of plants, are discussed with account for the multiplicity of biological functions required for maintaining plant tolerance to anthropogenic impacts.

Cryptogenic organising pneumonia: current understanding of an enigmatic lung disease.

Organising pneumonia (OP) is currently recognised as a nonspecific lung injury response that is associated with a variety of imaging patterns obtained with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest and is characterised histopathologically by the presence of inflammatory cells and a connective tissue matrix within distal airspaces of the lungs. OP is associated with many conditions that include connective tissue disorders, various infections, drug reactions, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and aspiration. When OP cannot be linked to an associated condition and appears to be idiopathic, it is termed cryptogenic organising pneumonia.

The production of hyperimmune pseudotuberculosis sera

Background . Pseudotuberculosis remains a serious public health problem, which dictates the need to develop simple and rapid diagnostic methods for this disease. The effectiveness of the latter largely depends on the activity and specificity of the diagnostic sera. Currently, in our country, a diagnostic serum for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O-monovalent (serotype I, III) is produced with a regulated area of application: for an approximate agglutination reaction on glass (Pasteur NIIEM, St. Petersburg). Preparation of pseudotuberculosis sera for a wider scope of their use, in particular, as a source of specific antibodies in the design of diagnostic immunobiological preparations and test systems for pseudotuberculosis, is relevant and in demand in healthcare practice. Aims . To obtain hyperimmune pseudotuberculosis sera, promising for use in the practice of laboratory studies for pseudotuberculosis. Materials and methods. Chinchilla rabbits aged 3–6 months, weighing 2.5–3.0 kg served as animal producers of pseudotuberculosis sera. As immunogens, we used a corpuscular antigen (CAg) - a suspension of cells of the epidemically significant Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 3704 O: 1b strain isolated by an outbreak of pseudotuberculosis in the town of Zima, Irkutsk region, inactivated by boiling, and a preparation obtained from the outer membranes, containing the main surface immunogen of the strain. For the adsorption of experimental sera, in order to minimize the nonspecific response, we used heterologous microorganisms Escherichiacoli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri and Y. enterocolitica O:3, which have a similarity of surface antigenic structures with the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis. The presence of specific antibodies in experimental pseudotuberculosis sera was determined in a volumetric agglutination reaction. Results . Optimal schemes of rabbit immunization were selected, which made it possible to obtain hyperimmune sera against Y. pseudotuberculosis 3704 O:1b antigens with an agglutination activity of 1:3200-1:6400. In low dilutions of experimental sera (1:100–1:400), obtained against corpuscular antigen and outer membrane antigens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri , Y. enterocolitica О:3, S . enteritidis Gartnery) was observed in the agglutination reaction (AR). After the adsorption of experimental pseudotuberculosis sera by cells of heterologous strains, there was no cross-reaction with the indicated microorganisms in the agglutination reaction. Conclusions . The obtained hyperimmune adsorbed sera against the boiling-inactivated Y. pseudotuberculosi s 3704 O: 1b corpuscular antigen and outer membrane antigens can be used as a source of specific antibodies in the design of diagnostic immunobiological preparations for the detection of pseudotuberculosis microbe, as well as in the monitoring of the epidemic situation.

Immunomodulation and Biomaterials: Key Players to Repair Volumetric Muscle Loss.

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is defined as a condition in which a large volume of skeletal muscle is lost due to physical insult. VML often results in a heightened immune response, resulting in significant long-term functional impairment. Estimates indicate that ~250,000 fractures occur in the US alone that involve VML. Currently, there is no active treatment to fully recover or repair muscle loss in VML patients. The health economics burden due to VML is rapidly increasing around the world. Immunologists, developmental biologists, and muscle pathophysiologists are exploring both immune responses and biomaterials to meet this challenging situation. The inflammatory response in muscle injury involves a non-specific inflammatory response at the injured site that is coordination between the immune system, especially macrophages and muscle. The potential role of biomaterials in the regenerative process of skeletal muscle injury is currently an important topic. To this end, cell therapy holds great promise for the regeneration of damaged muscle following VML. However, the delivery of cells into the injured muscle site poses a major challenge as it might cause an adverse immune response or inflammation. To overcome this obstacle, in recent years various biomaterials with diverse physical and chemical nature have been developed and verified for the treatment of various muscle injuries. These biomaterials, with desired tunable physicochemical properties, can be used in combination with stem cells and growth factors to repair VML. In the current review, we focus on how various immune cells, in conjunction with biomaterials, can be used to promote muscle regeneration and, most importantly, suppress VML pathology.

Precision Spherical Nucleic Acids Enable Sensitive FEN1 Imaging and Controllable Drug Delivery for Cancer-Specific Therapy.

Accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy are essential to precision theranostics. However, nonspecific response of theranostic agents in healthy tissues impedes their practical applications. Here, we design an activatable DNA nanosphere for specifically in situ sensing of cancer biomarker flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and spatiotemporally modulating drug release. The gold nanostar-conjugated FEN1 substrate acts as spherical nucleic acid and induces a fluorescence signal upon a FEN1 stimulus for diagnosis. Guided by the nanoflare, external NIR light then triggers a controlled release of carried drugs at desired sites. This DNA nanosphere not only exhibits good stability, sensitivity, and specificity toward FEN1 assay but also serves as a precision theranostic agent for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Our study provides a reliable method for FEN1 imaging in vitro and in vivo and suggests a powerful strategy for precision medicine.

Inflammatory reaction induced by Floridosentis mugilis (Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae) in the intestine of Mugil liza

Lebranche mullet, Mugil liza, is an important economic resource and has been recommended for aquaculture in South America. Also, this is the only mullet that breeds in Argentina. In the course of our routine investigations on the parasitic fauna of fishes from brackish waters of Samborombón Bay, Buenos Aires province, an infection of acanthocephalan worms, identified as Floridosentis mugilis was observed in juvenile lebranche mullets. These parasites were attached deeply into the intestinal wall but without piercing it. In this study we analysed the intestinal damage that F. mugilis inflicts on their hosts through the evaluation of histological sections. In the pathological analysis we observed that these parasites cause a non-specific cellular response that leads to the degranulation of eosinophilic granular cells and, consequently, the formation of a fibrous core with oedema, vascular congestion, and lymphocytic infiltration.

Label-Free Detection of Escherichia coli from Mixed Bacterial Cultures Using Bacteriophage T4 on Plasmonic Fiber-Optic Sensor.

Consumption of water contaminated with pathogenic bacteria is a major cause of water-borne diseases. To address this challenge, we have developed a novel and sensitive sensing scheme for the rapid detection of bacteria (Escherichia coliB40) on a fiber-optic platform using bacteriophage (T4) as a bio-recognition element. The novelty of our sensing scheme is that instead of bacteriophages, bacteria (analyte) were first captured on the sensing surface and then the sensing surface was subjected to bacteriophages for specific detection of bacteria. The sensor was subjected to 100 to 107 cfu/mL of E. coliB40 spiked in a lake water matrix, and the least concentration of bacteria that could be easily detected was found to be 1000 cfu/mL. The control studies were performed with nonhost bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacteriophage T4, being specific to its host E. coliB40, did not interact with P. aeruginosa captured on the sensing probe, giving a negligible nonspecific response. Due to the specificity of bacteriophages to its host bacteria, it is possible to use this scheme to carry out the detection of specific bacteria in a mixed sample (containing a combination of bacteria) using bacteriophages specific to it. The sensor was able to detect E. coliB40 (target bacteria) even in the presence of a very high concentration (1000 times higher) of P. aeruginosa (nontarget bacteria).

Mechanisms of lactic acid gustatory attraction in Drosophila

Sour has been studied almost exclusively as an aversive taste modality. Yet recent work in Drosophila demonstrates that specific carboxylic acids are attractive at ecologically relevant concentrations. Here, we demonstrate that lactic acid is an appetitive and energetic tastant, which stimulates feeding through activation of sweet gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs). This activation displays distinct, mechanistically separable stimulus onset and removal phases. Ionotropic receptor 25a (IR25a) primarily mediates the onset response, which shows specificity for the lactate anion and drives feeding initiation through proboscis extension. Conversely, sweet gustatory receptors (Gr64a-f) mediate a non-specific removal response to low pH that primarily impacts ingestion. While mutations in either receptor family have marginal impacts on feeding, lactic acid attraction is completely abolished in combined mutants. Thus, specific components of lactic acid are detected through two classes of receptors to activate a single set of sensory neurons in physiologically distinct ways, ultimately leading to robust behavioral attraction.

Blood concentrations of endothelin, interleukins 6 and 10 in men with diabetes mellitus

Background. Pathological activation of cytokines is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of its complications, in particular from the cardiovascular system. According to the vast majority of researchers, the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of markers of a nonspecific inflammatory response (interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10) in the blood of men with DM and their association with glycated hemoglobin levels and body mass index. Materials and methods. There were examined 46 men with type 2 DM and 28 men with type 1 DM. According to the results of the analysis of variance of the control group, type 2 DM and type 1 DM had significant differences in some indicators. Results. The correlation analysis of the obtained indicators of interleukin concentration showed that in men with type 2 DM under the age of 50 years, the indicators of IL-6 concentration significantly positively correlated with indicators of IL-10 concentration in blood (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.562, p<0.031) and negatively with the duration of diabetes mellitus (Spearman’s correlation coefficient –0.508, p<0.031). In the group of patients with type 2 DM aged 50 years and older, there was a positive correlation between the blood concentration of IL-6 with the blood concentration of IL-10 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.509, p<0.031), the blood concentration of IL-10 with glycated hemoglobin levels (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.391, p<0.04) and the duration of diabetes mellitus (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.551, p<0.005). In the group of patients with type 1 DM, there was a positive correlation of IL-6 in the blood with indicators of the blood concentration of IL-10 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.707, p<0.001) and a positive correlation between the concentration of IL-10 with the duration of DM (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.379, p<0.039). Conclusions. Mean levels of IL-6 were significantly elevated in men with type 2 diabetes aged 50 years and older. Mean IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in men with type 2 diabetes regardless of the age of the patients. A significant positive correlation was found between the indicators of IL-6 and IL-10 in the examined patients with type 2 diabetes regardless of age also in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The Role of Motor Imagery in Predicting Motor Skills in Young Male Soccer Players.

The study aimed to find out whether the imagery ability within the two subcomponents of motor imagery (visual and kinesthetic) allows predicting the results in simple response time task and eye–hand coordination task in a group of young male soccer players (9–15 years old). Non-specific simple response time and eye–hand coordination play a key role in predicting specific sports performance level. Participants performed Reaction Time Task, Eye–Hand Coordination Task, and completed Motor Imagery Questionnaire–Revised. Data were submitted to the structural equations analysis based on the maximum likelihood method in order to estimate a structural model of relationship between variables. Results indicate visual rather than kinesthetic motor imagery is associated with non-specific motor skills. Higher scores on the visual motor imagery scale were observed to correlate with faster reaction times and better coordination in the study group. This supports the idea that during learning a new perceptual-motor-task the visual control is required. Results provide the evidence for the specific role of the third-person perspective imagery in young athletes playing soccer.

P4-medicine in the resort spa treatment of patients after acute circulatory disorders

The formation of the basis for personalized medicine of the future should be based on the prognostic and preventive principles of medicine. The article presents an overview of the information on the method and application of the CME (complex medical expert) analysis. The features of the method, the object domain of its application, its task and methodology are described. The scheme of the options used to increase the efficiency of the method is of interest. The strengths and the shortcomings of the CME analysis noted by experts in the field of its application are given. Results. The authors propose an innovative technology for using the CME model to develop personalized forecasting, preservation, development, and management of health. The advantages of the technology and the urgency of its application are revealed. The new technology is based on the provisions of the development of the theory of the essential adaptation. To ensure the health state, the level of functioning of body systems must be consistent with the optimality, namely with the response norms, which determine the individual phenotype. In the process of the organism adaptation to the conditions of the external environment, the central nervous system and the significant body system (the system with the maximum response norm), which determine the specific and nonspecific responses of the organism, respectively, will be especially active (it is a known fact). Discussion. Dominant systems can actively involve other body systems in the adaptation process by the principle of interaction with them, increasing or decreasing their activity. Taking into account the direction of interaction (inhibition, toning), this fact becomes important for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, their targeted prevention, and treatment. A comprehensive record of the mechanisms of the formation of a specific and nonspecific reaction is used with the aim of identifying and effectively preventing functional disorders in the body. The CME technology of personalized forecasting, preservation, development and health management eliminates the main drawbacks of CME analysis. On the other hand, the CME analysis technology helps to expand the range of its application, depending on the opportunities and threats of the environment. Conclusion. The presented approach will make it possible to optimally use the human potential to maintain a high quality of life and active longevity.

Konseling Kelompok Menggunakan Teknik Self Control Untuk Mencegah Stres Menghadapi Ujian Nasional

Stress is a non-specific body response to any burden over it, stress is a physical reaction to the problems of life experienced. The purpose of this research is the implementation of a group counseling service with self-control technique to prevent stress facing national exam-based computer students of Grade XII SMA cooperative Pontianak. This method of research is action research, the form of research is the study of Action guidance and Counseling (PTBK). Data collector techniques used (1) direct communication techniques, and (2) indirect communication techniques. The data collector tools (1) Interview guide and (2) psychological scale. The research was conducted in class XII of Pontianak Cooperative High School with a total of 12 members, taking the subject of research purposive sampling from the results of the distribution of stress scales. Research results: Students ' stress attitudes in facing national computer-based exams with a percentage of 26.4%, the process of implementing group counseling with self- control techniques in preventing stress facing national computer-based exams covering the formation phase, switching stage, activity stage, and closing stage. Stress facing a national exam-based computer can be reduced using counseling group with self-control technique with a percentage of 17.9%.

MO293NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND OUTCOME IN CRESCENTIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Abstract Background and Aims Crescent formation is a nonspecific response to severe injury to the glomerular capillary wall, which may be seen with any form of inflammatory glomerulopathy. Despite improved therapeutic interventions, patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) still have a severe kidney prognosis and high mortality. Since neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory marker linked to worse outcomes in patients with malignancies, chronic kidney disease, myocardial infarction, and other clinical settings, we aimed to assess if NLR can predict kidney outcome and mortality in subjects with CGN. Method Eighty-four adults with biopsy-proven CGN between 1st Jan. 2008 and 31st Dec. 2017 [age 56 (95%CI 53 to 59) years, 50% males, eGFR 9.3 (95%CI 7.8-12.7) mL/min] were retrospectively enrolled in this single-centre study. Subjects were followed for a median of 31 (95%CI 6 to 56) months, until 31st May 2018. Seven subjects with inadequate biopsy sample and insufficient data were excluded. Demographic (age, gender), clinical and laboratory data at the time of biopsy were obtained from medical records. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate kidney and patient survival. Variables related to kidney outcome were evaluated in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model. According to median NLR value (4.3, 95%CI 3.5 to 5.2) subjects were clustered in low NLR group (≤4.3; n=38 pts.) and high NLR group (>4.3; n=38 pts.). The primary endpoints were time to renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation and all-cause mortality. Results The most common CGN subtype was pauci-immune GN (76.3%; i.e. myeloperoxidase-ANCA vasculitis - 48.7%, PR3-ANCA vasculitis - 15.8% and ANCA-negative vasculitis - 11.8%) followed by. anti-GBM antibody and immune complex related GN, with similar frequencies (11.8% each). According to kidney biopsy (KB) findings, half of the subjects had fibro-cellular crescents (55.3%), while cellular and fibrous crescents were found in 35.5% and 9.2%, respectively. Almost all subjects received corticosteroids (97.4%) and 82.9% received cyclophosphamide. Baseline eGFR was lower in the high-NLR group (8.5 vs. 11.6 mL/min, p=0.04), but no other differences in laboratory findings at baseline between the two groups were found. In bivariate analysis, NLR was negatively associated with serum albumin (rs=-0.26, p=0.02). NLR was not associated with other inflammation markers, Charlson comorbidity score, nor with the type of crescents at KB. During the follow-up period 53.9% started RRT and 19.7% died. There were no differences regarding mortality between the two groups. The mean kidney survival time was 47.6 (95%CI 33.5, 61.7) months. Kidney survival at 12, 24, 48 and 60 months were 44, 41, 38, and 33% respectively. In univariate time-dependent analysis (Figure) patients with low-NLR (68.95%CI 48 to 88 months) had better kidney survival than those with high-NLR (25, 95%CI 13 to 38 months; log rank p=0.004). Moreover, the kidney survival advantage remained (OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.002 to 1.16) after adjusting for eGFR, proteinuria, C reactive protein, immunosuppressive treatment and CGN etiology. Lower eGFR-ul was also associated with poor kidney survival (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.88 to 0.97). Conclusion In adults with biopsy-proven crescentic glomerulonephritis and advanced kidney function decline, a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio seems to predict worse kidney survival, but not the risk of mortality.

P009 Disease classifier and microbial dysbiosis index tools cross-predict various pathogenic conditions due to general microbial signal

Abstract Background Microbial dysbiosis is widely described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and has been shown to predict IBD state. However, many other diseases including neuro-psychiatric, metabolic, and malignancies, most of which do not result in gut inflammation, are also linked with gut microbial alteration. Since most studies focus on a single disease, the extent of similarity between different diseases is usually not examined. Methods We reanalyzed raw sequencing data from 12,838 human gut V4 16Sseq samples, spanning 59 case-controls comparisons and 28 unique diseases. Novel statistical approach was applied to reduce the effect of the different cohorts; all samples were processed uniformly, and differentially expressed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified within each cohort. The resulting behavior (direction of change and effect size) of each ASV were then combined across all studies. We used random forest as our classifier and generated non-specific dysbiosis index (NSDI). Results For the disease prediction, each cohort was randomly subsampled to 23 healthy and 23 disease samples. Random forest classifier was trained on one disease/control cohort, and the trained classifier was then used to predict the status of a different disease/control cohort. Disease classifiers performed well in identifying many sick vs. healthy states but failed to differentiate between different diseases. For example, a classifier trained on IBD cohort classified relatively good also disease/control in lupus, schizophrenia, or Parkinson’s from different cohorts. We show this cross-identification is due to a large number of shared disease-associated bacteria and utilize these bacteria to define a novel non-specific dysbiosis index (NSDI). After, we identified 114 non-disease specific ASVs (86 up and 28 down regulated ASVs across diseases in comparison to controls), we calculate the per-sample NSDI by rank-transforming the bacteria within the sample and computing the normalized log ratio of the sum of the ranks of the 86 down and 28 up regulated ASVs. The resulting NSDI is shown to perform better than the previously published CD dysbiosis index (Gevers et al, 2014; PMID: 24629344) indicating that NSDI can successfully differentiate between most cases and controls across a wide variety of diseases. Conclusion A robust non-specific general response of the gut microbiome is detected across different diseases, some of which is shared with IBD. Classifiers trained on a single disease may identify the general non-specific signal and therefore care should be taken when interpreting the classifier predictions. Finally, our NSDI can be used to prioritize the per-sample degree of dysbiosis.

The effects of a single simultaneous impact of physiotherapeutic factors on stress-realizing and stress-limiting systems of the body

This study is devoted to assessing the effect of a single simultaneous exposure to a low-frequency electrostatic field and transcranial magnetic therapy on non-specific systemic adaptation mechanisms. Objective: to evaluate the effect of a single combined exposure to a low-frequency electrostatic field and transcranial magnetic therapy on the stress-realizing and stress-limiting systems of the human body. Material and methods of research. The study involved 83 male volunteers aged 25 to 38 years (the average age was 31,4±0,33 years), who did not have any chronic diseases and risk factors for their development (the first health group), who were divided into four groups by simple fixed randomization. The first group (control group, 21 people) received placebo treatment (imitation of physiotherapy treatment with the device turned off). In the second group (main group 1, 20 people), the volunteers were singly exposed to transcranial magnetic therapy with traveling magnetic field (TMT TMF) using the device «Amo-Atos» with the attachment «Headband» (RU from 18.11.2011 №FSR 2011/12325). In the third group (main group 2, 21 people), the volunteers were singly exposed to low-frequency electrostatic field (LFESF) using the multifunctional therapeutic system «Khivamat-200» (RU from 12.04.2017 №RZN 2017/5597). To assess the stress-realizing and stress-limiting systems of the body, an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) was performed, which allows determining the tone of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Blood levels of ACTH, cortisol, glucagon, LPO products (malondialdehyde (MDA) and Schiff base (SB)), as well as insulin and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) were measured. The study was carried out three times: in the initial state, after 30 minutes, and a day after the end of the single exposure to the complex of physiofactors. The results obtained allow concluding that the criteria for the optimality of a combined single exposure to physiotherapeutic factors is a stable activation of stress-limiting mechanisms against the background of an initial moderate increase and gradual diminishment of stress-realizing manifestations. The dynamics of the estimated indicators observed a day after the exposure indicates the increasing adaptive capabilities of the body to minimize stress-damaging effects. A single simultaneous application of physiotherapy factors demonstrated the possibility of targeted implementation of the strategy of adaptation and control of the severity of physiological, hormonal and metabolic changes within the framework of a non-specific stress response, which opens up new opportunities for optimizing the treatment process.

AB0651 CASE-REPORT: ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA IN A PREGNANT WOMAN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Conclusion:Case-report: Organizing pneumonia in a pregnant woman with rheumatoid arthritis during Covid-19 pandemicCORNILLIE Alexia, GRIVEGNEE Camille, CHU Charleroi Marie-CurieIntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by destructive polyarthritis and extra-articular organ involvement. Lungs are one of the most commonly affected organ in RA, and the lung involvement in RA results in a various clinical features including interstitial lung disease (ILD) and organizing pneumonia (OP).OP is a histologic term characterized by the presence of buds of granulation tissue in bronchioles and alveoli. OP can be either idiopathic (cryptogenic organizing pneumonia) or secondary to underlying disease such as infection, drugs or connective tissue disease including RA.Lung biopsy is usually recommended for the diagnosis, but the following criteria fulfilled by patients can lead to the diagnosis: (1) specific radiological manifestations (nonsegmental randomized consolidation with/without ground grass opacities in chest CT), (2) no causative infectious agent, (3) no response to antibiotics and (4) good response to corticosteroid therapy.We describe here the case of organized pneumonia discovered in a pregnant woman with known rheumatoid arthritis during COVID-19 pandemic.Case descriptionA 39-year old moroccan woman, gravida 4, para 1, was admitted during COVID-19 pandemic at 30 weeks’ gestation to maternity hospital with a 1-week history of cough, dyspnea and fever. Her medical history included rheumatoid arthritis and gestational diabetes. She was treated with 5mg of prednisolone daily for her RA. Blood sample showed white blood cell count and C reactive protein at a level of 6860/mm3 and 42mg/L respectively. Chest CT performed at her admission revealed diffuse irregular nodular condensations associated with ground glass infiltrates and a right lower lobe parenchymal condensation with airbronchogram in favor of superinfection. Given circumstances, she was tested twice for SARS-Cov-2 48 hours apart by PCR on nasopharyngeal sample and results came back negative. She was treated empirically with ceftriaxone and azithromycin during the first week and described an improvement in her clinical condition but symptoms reappeared 4 days after stopping treatment. During the 2 following months, until the delivery, the patient remained subpyretic with a nonproductive cough and moderate dyspnea. 5 days after the delivery, due to persistant dyspnea and fever, a new chest CT was performed and revealed similar image findings but some of the irregular nodular condensations showed a reversed halo sign and had a migrating character. Considering this typical image findings, the absence of causative infectious agents (excluded by bronchoalveaolar lavage performed after delivery) and the absence of response to antibiotics, we concluded with a diagnosis of OP secondary to RA without performing lung biopsy samples. A treatment with 48mg of methylprednisolone (and 100mg of azathioprine a few weeks later) was initiated. One month later, she showed a spectacular improvement in her clinical condition. A new chest CT highlighted disappearance of the majority of the ground glass areas and of all the condensations previously described. Methylprednisolone was then progressively tapered.ConclusionOP is a common pulmonary complication that can develop in RA. However, despite ou research, we have not found any other clinical case describing this disorder during pregnancy with RA. Since OP is a non-specific inflammatory response to an aggression of the organism, could we consider that the pregnancy is a state of aggression capable of causing such a response?In addition, this clinical case illustrates the diagnostic challenge of this pathology during the Covid-19 pandemic.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

A Brief Review of Swimming Endurance and Chronic Stress Model for Evaluation of Adaptogenic activity

Stress is the disturbed homeostatic condition of the organism, and it is represented by non-specific response of the body to any demand imposed on it. Stress brings various changes in physiological condition of the organism, but various mechanism of the body will counteract to maintain homeostasis. In some situations, body’s adaptation to stress is like reward, which is responsible for improvement of body’s performance beyond its capacity. However if organism suffer strong acute or chronic stress, body is unable to maintain homeostasis. Under this condition, various types of diseases and disorders will develop, and even it may lead to death, if it is not managed at proper time. Hazardous stressful situation can be managed by using antistress agent or adaptogen. These agents improve physical and mental working capacity in severe stress circumstances. In different screening models for evaluation of adoptogenic activity, animals are challenged with acute or chronic stress conditions. Various stimulating, stress protective, tonic responses and biochemical markers were measured in evaluation of adoptogenic activity in these animal models.