Non-high Density Lipoprotein Research Articles

Association between arteriosclerosis index and lumbar bone mineral density in U.S adults: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES 2011-2018.

The arteriosclerosis index, defined as the ratio of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR), has emerged as a novel biomarker for various diseases. The relationship between NHHR and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) has not been previously examined. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018. NHHR was calculated as (total cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Lumbar BMD was calculated to Z scores. Weighted multivariate linear regression, subgroup analysis, interaction analysis, generalized additive model, and two-piecewise linear regression were used. A total of 8,602 participants were included. The negative association between NHHR and lumbar BMD was consistent and significant (Model 1: β = -0.039, 95% CI: -0.055, -0.023, p < 0.001; Model 2: β = -0.045, 95% CI: -0.062, -0.027, p < 0.001; Model 3: β = -0.042, 95% CI: -0.061, -0.023, p < 0.001). The linear relationship between NHHR and lumbar BMD was significantly influenced by body mass index (p for interaction = 0.012) and hypertension (p for interaction = 0.047). Non-linear associations between NHHR and lumbar BMD Z scores were observed in specific populations, including U-shaped, reverse U-shaped, L-shaped, reverse L-shaped, and U-shaped relationships among menopausal females, underweight participants, those with impaired glucose tolerance, those with diabetes mellitus and those taking anti-hyperlipidemic drugs, respectively. NHHR exhibited a negative association with lumbar BMD, but varying across specific populations. These findings suggest that NHHR should be tailored to individual levels to mitigate bone loss through a personalized approach. Individuals at heightened risk of cardiovascular disease should focus on their bone health.

Association of HMGCR rs17671591 and rs3761740 with lipidemia and statin response in Uyghurs and Han Chinese.

Dyslipidemia plays a very important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are one of the main risks of dyslipidemia. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) is not only the rate-limiting enzyme step of endogenous cholesterol production, but also the therapeutic target of statins. We investigated 405 Han Chinese and 373 Uyghur people who took statins for a period of time, recorded their blood lipid levels and baseline data before and after oral statin administration, and extracted DNA from each subject for SNP typing of HMGCR rs17671591 and rs3761740. The effects of HMGCR rs17671591 and rs3761740 on lipid levels and the effect of statins on lipid lowering in Han Chinese and Uyghur ethnic groups were studied. In this study, for rs17671591, the CC vs. TT+CT model was significantly correlated with the level of LDL-C before oral statin in the Uyghur population, but there were no correlations between rs17671591 and the level of blood lipid before oral statin in the Han population. The CC vs. TT+CT and CT vs. CC+TT models were significantly correlated with the level of LDL-C after oral statin in the Uyghur population. There was no significant correlation between rs3761740 with blood lipids before and after oral statin in the Han population. For rs3761740, before oral statin, the CC vs. AA+CA model was significantly correlated with the level of LDL-C, and the CA vs. CC+AA model was significantly correlated with the level of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the Uyghur population. After oral statin, the CC vs. AA+CA and CA vs. CC+AA models were significantly correlated with the level of TC, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein (APOB), and the C vs. A model was significantly correlated with the level of TC, triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, and APOB in the Uyghur population. Particularly, the CT vs. CC+TT model of rs17671591 was significantly correlated with the changes of LDL-C after oral statin in the Uyghur population. In this study, we also explored the association of rs17671591 and rs3761740 with the rate of dyslipidemia as a reference. We found that HMGCR rs3761740 was correlated with the levels of TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C before and after oral statin in Uyghurs, but not with blood lipid levels in the Han population. In the Uyghur population, HMGCR rs17671591 was associated with the level of LDL-C before and after oral statin, and also affected the changes of LDL-C after oral statin.

Life's Essential 8 and risk of incident heart failure in community population without cardiovascular disease: Results of the sub-cohort of China PEACE Million Persons Project

ObjectiveThe American Heart Association has introduced the Life's Essential 8 metrics to evaluate and promote cardiovascular health (CVH) and we aimed to evaluate the association of CVH and incident heart failure (HF). MethodsThe China PEACE Million Persons Project is a population-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening study. This was a sub-cohort of the project that included individuals free of CVD at baseline. Components and classifications of CVH, including diet, physical activity, smoking status, sleep status, body mass index (BMI), non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL), blood glucose and blood pressure, were determined based on the Life's Essential 8. CVH status was categorized as poor, intermediate and ideal status. HF cases were identified by linking hospital records. ResultsAmong the cohort (n = 38,571, median age 54 years and women 60.5%), proportion of individuals with poor, intermediate and ideal CVH was 30.7%, 56.9% and 12.4%. After a median follow-up of 3.56 years, the incidence of HF in individuals with poor, intermediate and ideal CVH was 2.5%, 1.1% and 0.5% respectively. Compared to poor CVH, intermediate (adjusted HR: 0.52 [95% CI: 0.43–0.61]) and ideal CVH (adjusted HR: 0.38 [95% CI: 0.26–0.57]) were associated with a lower HF risk. A gradient of association between CVH and HF risk was observed (P-trend<0.001). Ideal physical activity, ideal smoking status, and intermediate and ideal status of BMI, blood glucose and blood pressure were associated with a lower HF risk. ConclusionPoor CVH was associated with an increased risk of HF, and promotion of CVH may help prevent HF development.

CSI clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia management: Executive summary

Dyslipidemias are the most important coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor. Proper management of dyslipidemia is crucial to control the epidemic of premature CAD in India. Cardiological Society of India strived to develop consensus-based guidelines for better lipid management for CAD prevention and treatment. The executive summary provides a bird's eye-view of the ‘CSI: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Dyslipidemia Management’ published in this issue of the Indian Heart Journal. The summary is focused on the busy clinician and encourages evidence-based management of patients and high-risk individuals. The summary has serialized various aspects of lipid management including epidemiology and categorization of CAD risk. The focus is on management of specific dyslipidemias relevant to India-raised low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), apolipoproteins, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a). Drug therapies for lipid lowering (statins, non-statin drugs and other pharmaceutical agents) and lifestyle management (dietary interventions, physical activity and yoga) are summarized. Management of dyslipidemias in oft-neglected patient phenotypes-the elderly, young and children, and patients with comorbidities-stroke, peripheral arterial disease, kidney failure, posttransplant, HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus), Covid-19 and familial hypercholesterolemia is also presented. This consensus statement is based on major international guidelines (mainly European) and expert opinion of lipid management leaders from India with focus on the dictum: earlier the better, lower the better, longer the better and together the better. These consensus guidelines cannot replace the individual clinician judgement who remains the sole arbiter in management of the patient.

Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease among childhood cancer survivors: a St. Jude Lifetime Cohort report.

Childhood cancer survivors have increased risk of dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated cardiovascular risks of specific lipid abnormalities among childhood cancer survivors. Comprehensive lipid panel measurements were obtained from 4115 5-year survivors, with 3406 (mean age at evaluation = 35.2 years, SD = 10.4 years) not having previous dyslipidemia diagnosis, as well as 624 age, sex, and race and ethnicity matched community controls. Previously undiagnosed dyslipidemia with abnormal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (>160 mg/dL), non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (>190 mg/dL), HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL for men, <50 mg/dL for women), and triglycerides (>150 mg/dL) were identified in 4%, 6%, 30%, and 17%, respectively. Survivors without previous dyslipidemia diagnosis had higher LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol than community controls. Cranial radiotherapy (relative risk [RR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6 to 3.0 for non-HDL cholesterol) and total body irradiation for hematopoietic cell transplantation (RR = 6.7, 95% CI = 3.5 to 13.0 for non-HDL cholesterol; RR = 9.9, 95% CI = 6.0 to 16.3 for triglycerides) were associated with greater risk of dyslipidemia. Diagnoses of low HDL cholesterol (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.8 to 4.7) and elevated triglycerides (HR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.9 to 5.1) were associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction, and diagnoses of high LDL cholesterol (HR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.3 to 3.7), high non-HDL cholesterol (HR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.3 to 3.7), low HDL cholesterol (HR = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.8 to 5.4), and elevated triglycerides (HR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.7 to 5.5) were associated with increased risk for cardiomyopathy. Previously undiagnosed dyslipidemia among childhood cancer survivors was associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy. Comprehensive dyslipidemia evaluation and treatment are needed to reduce cardiovascular morbidity in this population.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies risk loci for abdominal aortic aneurysm and highlights PCSK9 as a therapeutic target

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease with substantial heritability. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis from 14 discovery cohorts and uncovered 141 independent associations, including 97 previously unreported loci. A polygenic risk score derived from meta-analysis explained AAA risk beyond clinical risk factors. Genes at AAA risk loci indicate involvement of lipid metabolism, vascular development and remodeling, extracellular matrix dysregulation and inflammation as key mechanisms in AAA pathogenesis. These genes also indicate overlap between the development of AAA and other monogenic aortopathies, particularly via transforming growth factor β signaling. Motivated by the strong evidence for the role of lipid metabolism in AAA, we used Mendelian randomization to establish the central role of nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol in AAA and identified the opportunity for repurposing of proprotein convertase, subtilisin/kexin-type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. This was supported by a study demonstrating that PCSK9 loss of function prevented the development of AAA in a preclinical mouse model.

Life's Essential 8 and risk of non-communicable chronic diseases: Outcome-wide analyses.

Life's Simple 7, the former construct of cardiovascular health (CVH) has been used to evaluate adverse non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, some flaws have been recognized in recent years and Life's Essential 8 has been established. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between CVH defined by Life's Essential 8 and risk of 44 common NCDs and further estimate the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of low-moderate CVH scores in the 44 NCDs. In the UK Biobank, 170,726 participants free of 44 common NCDs at baseline were included. The Life's Essential 8 composite measure consists of four health behaviours (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep) and four health factors (body mass index, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure), and the maximum CVH score was 100 points. CVH score was categorized into low, moderate, and high groups. Participants were followed up for 44 NCDs diagnosis across 10 human system disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) code using linkage to national health records until 2022. Cox proportional hazard models were used in this study. The hazard ratios (HRs) and PAFs of 44 NCDs associated with CVH score were examined. During the median follow-up of 10.85 years, 58,889 incident NCD cases were documented. Significant linear dose-response associations were found between higher CVH score and lower risk of 25 (56.8%) of 44 NCDs. Low-moderate CVH (<80 points) score accounted for the largest proportion of incident cases in diabetes (PAF: 80.3%), followed by gout (59.6%), sleep disorder (55.6%), chronic liver disease (45.9%), chronic kidney disease (40.9%), ischemic heart disease (40.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (40.0%), endometrium cancer (35.8%), lung cancer (34.0%), and heart failure (34.0%) as the top 10. Among the eight modifiable factors, overweight/obesity explained the largest number of cases of incident NCDs in endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (35.4%), digestive system disorders (21.4%), mental and behavioral disorders (12.6%), and cancer (10.3%); however, the PAF of ideal sleep duration ranked first in nervous system (27.5%) and neuropsychiatric disorders (9.9%). Improving CVH score based on Life's Essential 8 may lower risk of 25 common NCDs. Among CVH metrics, avoiding overweight/obesity may be especially important to prevent new cases of metabolic diseases, NCDs in digestive system, mental and behavioral disorders, and cancer.

Coronary and carotid imaging of atherosclerosis and contributing factors in middle-aged people with long-term cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord injuries.

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death in people aging with spinal cord injury (SCI) and is predominantly caused by atherosclerosis; however, knowledge of atherosclerosis in people with SCI is scarce. To describe coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged people with long-term cervical and upper thoracic SCI using coronary computed tomography angiography, carotid ultrasound, and cardiovascular disease risk factors and to compare with the general population. Cross-sectional study with matched controls. Outpatient SCI unit in southern Sweden. Participants (n = 25) in the Swedish SPinal Cord Injury Study on Cardiopulmonary and Autonomic Impairment (SPICA) (20% women, mean age 58 years, mean time since injury 28 years, injury levels C2-T6, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A-C). Non-SCI controls (n = 125; ratio 5:1) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Not applicable. Presence of coronary atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcium score, carotid plaques, carotid intima media thickness, blood pressure, lipids, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), and anthropometry. Coronary and carotid atherosclerotic plaques occurred in 44% of the participants, 67% of the controls exhibited coronary and 59% carotid plaques; odds ratios (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]): 0.38 (0.13-1.17) and 0.54 (0.22-1.32), respectively. Mean number of segments with coronary atherosclerosis were 1.0 in participants and 2.1 in controls (OR: 0.74 [0.52-1.06]). Coronary artery calcium score > 100 occurred in 4 (18%) of the participants and 23 (21%) of the controls. The participants had significantly lower levels of total and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and SCORE than the controls. This is the first comprehensive assessment of atherosclerosis in people with SCI using advanced imaging techniques. The atherosclerotic burden in middle-aged people with long-term cervical and upper thoracic SCI was not increased, whereas SCORE was lower due to lower cholesterol levels. Imaging techniques may be valuable tools for assessment of atherosclerosis in SCI.

Concordance/discordance between serum apolipoprotein B, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol in NATPOL 2011 participants – An epidemiological perspective

BackgroundThe study compared the distribution of serum LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) among participants of the NATPOL 2011 survey and analysed concordance/discordance of results in the context of the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). MethodsSerum levels of apoB, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and small dense LDL-C were measured/calculated in 2067–2098 survey participants. The results were compared between women and men, age groups and in relation to body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose and TG levels, and the presence of CVD. Percentile distribution of lipid levels and concordance/discordance analysis were based on medians and ESC/EAS 2019 target thresholds for ASCVD risk and on comparison of measured apoB levels and levels calculated from linear regression equations with serum LDL- C and non-HDL-C as independent variables. ResultsSerum apoB, LDL-C and non-HDL-C were similarly related to sex, age, BMI, visceral obesity, cardiovascular disease, and fasting glucose and triglyceride levels. Serum apoB, LDL-C and non-HDL-C very high- and moderate- target thresholds were exceeded in 83%, 99% and 96.9% and in 41%, 75% and 63.7% of subjects, respectively. The incidence of the discordances between the results depended on the dividing values used and ranged from 0.2% to 45.2% of the respondents. Subjects with high apoB / low LDL-C/non-HDL-C discordance had features of metabolic syndrome. ConclusionsDiagnostic discordances between apoB and LDL-C/non-HDL-C indicate limitations of serum LDL-C/non-HDL-C in ASCVD risk management. Due to the high apoB/low LDL-C/non-HDL-C discordance, obese/metabolic syndrome patients may benefit from replacing LDL-C/non-HDL-C by apoB in ASCVD risk assessment and lipid-lowering therapy.

#6559 THE ROLE OF MEDIUM-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN RENAL METABOLISM AND DISEASES

Abstract Background and Aims Through metabolomics research, it was found that in mice with chronic kidney disease, the distribution of lipids in the kidneys was different from that of healthy individuals, and medium-chain fatty acids were reduced. In order to explore the role of medium-chain fatty acids in kidney metabolism and disease, we conducted this systematic review. Method Systematic review. The pubmed database was used to search for keywords such as medium chain fat acids, medium chain triglyceride, MCFA, MCT, chronic kidney disease, CKD, and renal fibrosis. Results In chronic kidney disease, long-chain fatty acids decrease and medium-chain fatty acids increase. The increase of medium-chain fatty acids may be a compensatory mechanism. Compared with long-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids are more easily metabolized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, thus providing more energy. MCFAs are readily oxidized by cells,including cardiomyocytes, and provide a very efficient. source of energy production. MCFAs display metabolic,biological and physical properties that are distinct fromLCFAs, which may contribute to their reported benefits on the kidney's energy status and function. Only few deleterious effects have been reported with the use of MCFAs, many of which have been reported mainly when MCTs were administered as the main dietary energy source representing &amp;gt;50% of the total energy intake. These include decreased absorption of LCTs, which may result in deficiency in essential polyunsaturated LCFA, steatorrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, increased risk of ketogenesis and acidosis, and in some studies, though not all, changes in blood lipid profile such as a raise in triglycerides or nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol Conclusion Studies in animal models indicate that MCFAs may favourably modulate kidney disease progression. Medium-chain fatty acids have protective effects on the kidney and provide new ideas for the relief and treatment of chronic kidney disease.

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF Cratargus azarolus VAR. aronia IN UROLITHIATIC MALE ALBINO RATS

The study was designed to investigates the therapeutic roles of Crataegus azarolus Var. aronia L. (C. aronia) in kidney stone treatment male albino rats’ model induced by ethylene glycol (EG). Twenty animals weighing 220–270 g were divided into control group which set as group A, while the rats in B and C groups, received 1% EG for 28 days, but group C also received C. aronia (7.5g of plant/100ml water and 10g of plant/ 90 g diet) from day 15 to 28. Kidney function tests, liver function tests, serum electrolytes, serum lipid profiles, and glucose were measured. The obtain body weight, kidneys' weight and kidneys' weight/ body weight were measured, in addition microscopic analysis of formed crystals from urine was studied. Crataegus aronia administration showed a marked declination in serum creatinine, urea, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL cholesterol) inverse to rats received EG. Also, the obtain body weight, kidneys' weight and kidneys' weight/ body weight markedly decreased in C group when compared to group B. In conclusion: C. aronia has clear therapeutic actions on formed kidney stone might be used employee as natural antiurolithiasis drug.

Efficacy and safety of tafolecimab in Chinese patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (CREDIT-2)

BackgroundHeterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is largely underdiagnosed and undertreated in China where few patients achieved recommended target levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We conducted the first randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in Chinese patients with HeFH to assess the efficacy and safety of tafolecimab, a novel fully human proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibody.MethodsPatients diagnosed with HeFH by Simon Broome criteria and on a stable lipid-lowering therapy for at least 4 weeks were randomized 2:2:1:1 to receive subcutaneous tafolecimab 150 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W), tafolecimab 450 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W), placebo Q2W or placebo Q4W in the 12-week double-blind treatment period. After that, participants received open-label tafolecimab 150 mg Q2W or 450 mg Q4W for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percent change from baseline to week 12 in LDL-C levels. Secondary endpoints included proportion of participants achieving ≥50% LDL-C reductions and proportion of participants with LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L at week 12 and 24, the change from baseline to week 12 in non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) levels, as well as the change from baseline to week 24 in lipid levels.ResultsIn total, 149 participants were randomized and 148 received at least one dose of the study treatment. At week 12, tafolecimab treatment induced significant reductions in LDL-C levels (treatment difference versus placebo [on-treatment estimand]: −57.4% [97.5% CI, −69.2 to −45.5] for 150 mg Q2W; −61.9% [−73.4 to −50.4] for 450 mg Q4W; both P <0.0001). At both dose regimens, significantly more participants treated with tafolecimab achieved ≥50% LDL-C reductions or LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L at week 12 as compared with corresponding placebo groups (all P <0.0001). Meanwhile, non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) levels were significantly reduced in the tafolecimab groups at week 12. The lipid-lowering effects of tafolecimab were maintained till week 24. During the double-blind treatment period, the most commonly-reported adverse events in the tafolecimab groups included upper respiratory tract infection, increased blood creatine phosphokinase, increased alanine aminotransferase, increased aspartate aminotransferase and hypertension.ConclusionsTafolecimab administered either 150 mg Q2W or 450 mg Q4W yielded significant and persistent reductions in LDL-C levels and showed a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with HeFH.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04179669.

Ethnicity and risk factors among Indian coronary artery disease patients.

In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the distribution of coronary risk factors in male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)(n=50 each) belonging to Jaat and Vaishya castes. A Significantly higher average height, waist and hip circumferences, glucose, and waist-height ratio were observed in Jaats compared to the Vaishyas (p=0.000). Mean BMI, total cholesterol (total-C) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and lean body mass index (LBMI) were significantly higher in Vaishyas against Jaats (p=0.00). A significantly higher percentage of type 2 diabetes(T2DM) (p=0.03) and isolated hypertriglyceridemia(p=0.01) was observed in Jaats against Vaishya men. Percentage of general obesity(p=0.01), high total-C, high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p=0.00), high total-C/HDL-C(p=0.04), combined positive family history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and general obesity, was significantly higher in Vaishya when compared to Jaat men. In univariate logistic regression analyses, a significant association of T2DM (p=0.039) and isolated hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.020) with Jaat ethnic group and general obesity, high totalC, high LDL-C, and high total-C/HDL-C with Vaishya ethnic group was observed. Results of the present study suggest that a population-specific than a global approach should be used in identifying high-risk groups and designing of interventions to reduce the complications and management of CAD.

The predictive value of nontraditional lipid parameters for intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a hospital-based observational study in China

BackgroundIschemic strokes are primarily caused by intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Nontraditional lipid parameters broaden traditional lipid profiles, better reflect the metabolism and interaction between different lipid components, and optimize the predictive ability of lipid profiles for atherosclerotic diseases. This research was carried out to investigate the predictive value of nontraditional lipid parameters for intracranial or extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.MethodsThe investigation collected data from inpatients who underwent cervical vascular ultrasonography, carotid CTA, cerebral artery CTA or MRA, and brain MRI or CT from December 2014 to December 2021. The nontraditional lipid parameters were calculated by collecting traditional lipid parameters. To evaluate the predictive power of nontraditional lipid parameters, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed.ResultsBased on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 545 patients were included. According to the imaging results, inpatients were divided into two groups, including no intracranial or extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (n = 250) and intracranial or extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (AS, n = 295). Among them, AS was further divided into three subgroups: intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ECAS) and combined intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (IECAS). Logistic regression analysis showed that nontraditional lipid parameters, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), remnant cholesterol (RC), nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), lipoprotein combine index (LCI), atherogenic coefficient (AC), Castelli’s index-I (CRI-I) and Castelli’s index-II (CRI-II), were significantly correlated with intracranial or extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (P < 0.05). Compared with other nontraditional lipid parameters, regardless of adjusting for potential confounding factors, AIP had a greater OR value in ICAS (OR = 4.226, 95% CI: 1.681–10.625), ECAS (OR = 2.993, 95% CI: 1.119–8.003) and IECAS (OR = 4.502, 95% CI: 1.613–12.561). ROC curve analysis revealed that nontraditional lipid parameters had good predictive power for intracranial or extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.ConclusionsThis Chinese hospital-based study demonstrates that nontraditional lipid parameters (AIP, LCI, RC, CRI-II, AC, CRI-I and non-HDL-C) are effective predictors of intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, of which AIP may be a significant risk factor for predicting atherosclerotic arterial stenosis in the intracranial or extracranial regions.

PS-BPP06-3: NON-HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR SHORT-TERM MORTALITY IN ELDERLY CHINESE: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

Background: Non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL) levels were an important predictor of cardiovascular disease risk. However, it is unclear the relationship between non-HDL and mortality risk. This study explores the relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein levels and the risk of mortality, and the impact on long-term and short-term mortality risk. Methods: We analysis 621,164 elderly individuals from healthcare management receiving check-up in China basic public health service in 2010–2020. We analyzed the non-linear rela-tionship between non-HDL and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients receiving lipid-lowering treatment or not. Finally, the relationship between non-HDL and long-term or short-term mortality was investigated. Results: 26,758 (4.3%) deaths were recorded at a mean follow-up of 2.03 years. The association between non-HDL and mortality was non-linear for elderly individuals. After multivariable adjustment, individuals with non-HDL &lt; 3.29 mmol/L and &gt; = 4.85 mmol/L increase the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality compared to non-HDL of 3.29 - 4.85 mmol/L. Only non-HDL &lt; 3.29 mmol/L significantly increase the risk of cancer mortality (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1. 04 - 1.18, P &lt; 0.001) and other mortality (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.22, P &lt; 0.001). Non-optimal concentrations of non-HDL had significant effects on both the long-term and the short-term risk of mortality, but the effect was more powerful for short-term (3 months) mortality. The non-optimal concentrations of non-HDL significantly in-creased the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality within 3 months. The association between non-HDL and all-cause and cause-specific mortality was not statistically significant in the elderly population receiving lipid-lowering treatment. Conclusions: Non-HDL was non-linearly associated with the risk of mortality, and non-optimal con-centrations of non-HDL significantly increased short-term mortality in elderly Chinese. As the possibility of confounding may exist, further research is necessary.

Fixed dose combination drugs for cardiovascular disease in a prolonged humanitarian crisis in Lebanon: an implementation study

ObjectivesThis pre–post implementation study evaluated the introduction of fixed dose combination (FDC) medications for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) secondary prevention into routine care in a humanitarian setting.SettingTwo Médecins sans Frontières...

Residual Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Focus on Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide. The level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), considered as the initiator of atherosclerosis, is the most widely used predictor for CVD risk and LDL-C has been the primary target for lipid-lowering therapies. However, residual CVD risk remains high even with very low levels of LDL-C. This residual CVD risk may be due to remnant cholesterol, high triglyceride levels, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), which is calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL-C (and represents the cholesterol content of all atherogenic apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins), has emerged as a better risk predictor for CVD than LDL-C and an alternative target for CVD risk reduction. Major international guidelines recommend evaluating non-HDL-C as part of atherosclerotic CVD risk assessment, especially in people with high triglycerides, diabetes, obesity, or very low LDL-C. A non-HDL-C target of <130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) has been recommended for patients at very high risk, which is 30 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L) higher than the corresponding LDL-C target goal. Non-HDL-C lowering approaches include reducing LDL-C and triglyceride levels, increasing HDL-C, or targeting multiple risk factors simultaneously. However, despite the growing evidence for the role of non-HDL-C in residual CVD risk, and recommendations for its assessment in major guidelines, non-HDL-C testing is not routinely done in clinical practice. Thus, there is a need for increased awareness of the need for non-HDL-C testing for ascertaining CVD risk and concomitant prevention of CVD.

Exposure to ambient air pollution and lipid levels and blood pressure in an adult, Danish cohort

BackgroundAir pollution is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanistic pathways underlying the association are not completely understood. Hence, further studies are required to shed light on potential mechanisms, through which air pollution may affect the development from subclinical to clinical cardiovascular disease. ObjectivesTo investigate associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL), systolic and diastolic blood pressure. MethodsThe study was conducted among 32,851 Danes from the Diet, Cancer and Health – Next Generations cohort, who had a blood sample taken and blood pressure measured. We measured HDL and non-HDL in the blood samples. We modelled exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ultrafine particles (UFP), elemental carbon (EC) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in time-windows from 24 h up to 90 days before blood sampling. Pollutants were modelled as total air pollution from all sources, and apportioned into contributions from non-traffic and traffic sources. We analyzed data using linear and logistic regression, with adjustment for socio-economic and lifestyle factors. ResultsAir pollution exposure over 24 h to 30 days was generally adversely associated with lipid profile and blood pressure, e.g. for 30-day UFP-exposure, adjusted β-estimates were: −0.025 (−0.043; −0.006) for HDL, 0.086 (0.042; 0.130) for non-HDL, 2.45 (1.70; 3.11) for systolic and 1.56 (1.07; 20.4) for diastolic blood pressure, per 10,000 particles/cm3. The strongest associations were found for the non-traffic components of air pollution, and among those who were overweight/obese. DiscussionIn this large study of air pollution and lipid levels and blood pressure, we found that 24-h to 30-day PM2.5, UFP, EC and NO2 concentrations were generally adversely associated with lipid profile and blood pressure, two important cardiovascular risk factors. The study suggests potential pathways, through which air pollution could affect the development of cardiovascular disease.

VALIDATION OF YOGA CAPSULE ON HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Background: -Prelude with the statement of health, is a state in which one is sound with physical, mental, social, and spiritual and absence any of above will be taken as unhealthy. There are a lot of factors which hamper the condition of health. Furthermore, hyperlipidemia is one of the conditions which leads one for disease and unhealthy. When Lipids increases in the blood or high level of fat is dissolved and ow through blood in circulatory system and this deposit in blood vessel's inner layer which creates blockages and hinder the smooth blood ow. Which is the risk factor for cardiovascular system, heart failure and high blood pressure. Hyperlipidemia also hamper the overall quality of life. Moreover, Yoga nowadays is being used as alternative medicine for the healthy lifestyle. The present study was conducted to validate and determine the effect of yogic practices on hyperlipidemia. According to the inclusion and exclusion c Methods: - riteria fortyeight pre-adult (18-24) &amp; Adult (25-30) were selected for the study with the age range of 18 to 30 years (mean =26), selected biochemical dependent variables such as Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High-density Lipoprotein (HDL), Non-Highdensity Lipoprotein (NHDL) and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) were measured Before and after intervention for each participant. Yoga capsules were intervened for 30 days. The pretest and posttest data were taken, saved, and tabulated to assess the efcacy of Yogic interventions. The simple random sampling technique was opted as selection procedure as per elimination standard (10%). After a four weeks Yoga intervention the Yoga capsule (Selected yogic Results: - practice) on day 30th posttest data were taken and assessed. The mean TC was 162.44 and 149.00 before and after the intervention respectively (P=2.495). The mean TG was 82.83 and 88.96 before and after the intervention respectively (P=0.074). The mean HDL was 48.37 and 43.57 before and after the intervention respectively (P=0.000859). The mean NHDL was 114.09 and 105.16 before and after the intervention respectively (P=2.5). The mean LDL was 97.52 and 84.51 before and after the intervention respectively (P=1.39). So, based on obtained results and evidence, it can be clearly seen that there was Conclusion: - a signicant change in the term of Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, NHDL, LDL. We can say that the selective yogic practices signicantly effect the TC, TG, HDL,NHDL,LDL.

Associations of lipid measures with total occlusion in patients with established coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundTotal occlusion is the most severe coronary lesion, indicating heavy ischemic burden and poor prognosis. The lipid profile is central to the development of atherosclerotic coronary lesions. Evidence on the optimal lipid measure to be monitored and managed in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) is inconclusive.MethodsTotal cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein B (apoB), non-HDL-c/HDL-c, and apoB/apoA-1 were analyzed in quintiles and as continuous variables. The associations of lipid measures with total occlusion were tested using logistic regression models, visualized with restricted cubic splines, and compared by areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC). Discordance analysis was performed when apoB/apoA-1 and non-HDL-c/HDL-c were not in concordance.ResultsThe prospective cohort study included 10,003 patients (mean age: 58 years; women: 22.96%), with 1879 patients having total occlusion. The risks of total occlusion significantly increased with quintiles of Lp(a), non-HDL-c/HDL-c, and apoB/apoA-1 (all p for trend < 0.001). TG had no association with total occlusion. Restricted cubic splines indicate significant positive linear relations between the two ratios and total occlusion [odds ratio per 1-standard deviation increase (95% confidence interval): non-HDL-c/HDL-c: 1.135 (1.095–1.176), p < 0.001; apoB/apoA-1: 2.590 (2.049–3.274), p < 0.001]. The AUROCs of apoB/apoA-1 and non-HDL-c/HDL-c were significantly greater than those of single lipid measures. Elevation in the apoB/apoA-1 tertile significantly increased the risk of total occlusion at a given non-HDL-c/HDL-c tertile but not vice versa.ConclusionApoB/apoA-1 confers better predictive power for total occlusion than non-HDL-c/HDL-c and single lipid measures in established CAD patients.