Non-destructive Activation Analysis Research Articles

Mikroanalytische Arbeitstechniken-Unentbehrliche Hilfsmittel in der extremen Spurenanalyse der Elemente

Abstract

Activation analysis of biological material with ruthenium as a multi-isotopic comparator

The elements Fe, Zn, Se, Rb and Co were determined in NBS bovine liver (SRM 1577) by non-destructive activation analysis; ruthenium was used as triple comparator element. The results were compared with the values of the analysis certificate and with those of an analysis based on a multi-element serum standard; the agreement was excellent. The conclusions of the error theory of the comparator method were experimentally confirmed.

Simultaneous determination of fluorine and oxygen by nondestructive activation analysis with 14 MeV neutrons

14MeV中性子による16O(n,p)16N反応を利用した酸素の放射化分析において,フッ素が共存すると19F(n,α)16N反応により同一核種が生成するため,フッ素は酸素の定量を著しく妨害する.ところが16Nを生成する両核反応のしきいエネルギーに差があることに着目し,二重照射法を適用したところ,フッ素と酸素が同時定量できることを確認した.本法はモデレーターを用いるため微量分析には適さないが,ホウ素を多く含まない物質中の約1%以上のフッ素,酸素の定量に使える.シュウ酸ナトリウムとフッ化ナトリウムを混合した合成試料やほたる石などの実際試料に応用したところ良好な結果が得られた.この方法はフッ素と酸素の放射化分析において,互いの妨害を避けるための非常に有効な手段であり,実用面での利用も期待できる.

Activation analysis of high-purity substances by means of short-lived isotopes

A non-destructive activation analysis method intended for industrial utilization is described, using isotopes with half-lives from 2 sec to 20 min. Expected sensitivity values for 33 elements are listed. The effects on the results of neutron flux variation and other errors of measurement are discussed. Requirements to be met by the electronic spectrometer apparatus are stated.

Growth of hair and the trace element profile a study by sectional analysis

Correlations between the growth of hair and the trace element profile have been investigated by non-destructive neuron activation analysis through gamma-ray speetrometry using NaI(Tl) as well as Ge(Li) detectors. After preliminary investigations to establish the experimental errors, the effect of washing procedures and in-person variations, hair samples belonging to ladies with known case histories, particularly with regard to dietary habits, health and profession, were examined. Scalp-hair samplex 50–100 cm in length, representing an average time span of ∼5–10 years were collected by combing. Samples in their non-anagen phase, differentiated by their roots, were analysed in 10 cm sections. The concentrations of the following elements were determined: Na, Cl, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, I, Au and Hg. Absolute values for the concentrations are reported for most of the elements, while for the rest relative values for the various sections are given. The values for the different sections vary by large factors for many elements although for some elements, like Cu and Mn, the variations are not appreciable. The unusually large concentrations of elements like Se ang Hg are in broad agreement with the case histories. However, detailed examination of the results with regard to time-dependent variations seem to pose serious problems in the applications to forensic science.

Non-destructive activation analysis of some elements in stony meteorites by proton and bremsstrahlen irradiation

Proton activation was applied for the instrumental analysis of Fe, Ni, Ca, Ti and Cr in stony meteorites. Error sources are discussed, some results are reported, and a comparison is made between this method and photon activation.

Non-Destructive Activation Analysis of Fluid Inclusions in Fluorite

The Na/Cl, Na/Br and Cl/Br ratios in some fluorites (sample weight 20-30 mg) have been studied by non-destructive activation analysis. Some experiments are described which show that the analyses refer to the liquid inclusions.One specimen studied in detail showed a Na/Cl ratio corresponding to a NaCl solution. Its Cl/Br weight ratio of 63 contrasts to the ratios of sea water as well as most surface and subsurface waters, but is similar to some brines. Some possible explanations are mentioned. The method seems useful in the study of liquid inclusions, especially since it can be used for several other elements and other minerals.

Determination of 29 elements in Luna 16 soil by non-destructive activation analysis

Abundances of 29 elements, including 11 rare earth elements (REE) were obtained in Luna 16 soil (sample L-16-19, 118) via instrumental neutron activation analysis. Na, REE, Hf and Th are less abundant than in Apollo 11, 12 and 14 soils. The Eu negative anomaly in comparison with chondrites is the smallest ever found in lunar regolith. Europium abundances in the three mare sites and in the Fra Mauro region cluster around 2 ppm (1.75 to 2.25 ppm), whereas light REE vary by a factor of 6 from Luna 16 to Apollo 14 soil. In general, the chemical composition of the Sea of Fertility resembles that of the Sea of Tranquillity although the K, REE, and P-rich components seem less prominent in the soil of the former site, possibly because of the greater distance from the Sea of Rains.

The determination of trace (parts per 109) amounts of gold in plants by non-destructive activation analysis

A non-destructive activation analysis method for the routine determination of trace amounts (parts per 109) of gold in the ashes of various plant materials, grass and maize has been developed. The homogeneity of the gold distribution in the samples is of particular importance and several different methods of sample preparation have been studied. The lower limit for the determination of gold is below 1 part per 109, calculated for dried plant material. The method was developed for a geochemical research programme and permits the determination of submicrogram amounts of gold in plants to be carried out more simply than do techniques that involve chemical separation.

Activation Analysis of Human Head Hair. VII. Characteristics of Trace Elements in Japanese Head Hair

As a representative sample of Japanese population, 996 samples of head hair were collected in 1967. Using nondestructive activation analysis, the concentration of nine elements such as Al, Cl, Na, Br, Mn, Cu, Hg Zn, and Au was determined and their histograms showing the relation between concentration and frequency were established. The distribution histograms were analogous to the so called log-normal type, except Zn and Hg, and converted to the normal type distribution by the logarithmic conversion of the scale of concentration. The concentration of mercury in the samples ranged from 1 to 13 ppm and only one sample showed a very high concentration of 47 ppm. The averages, excluding this exception, were 5.42 ppm for males, 4.62 ppm for females, and 5.02 for total. The correlations among the trace elemens were not markedly high and it is considered that the elements exist independent of each other. The highest correlation was recognized between Na and Cl. The concentration of trace elements in Japanese human head hair was generally low compared with date on other races reported by several workers. Three elements, Hg, Br, and Mn, showed slightly higher concentration and were characteristic to Japanese hair.

Neutron activation analysis of heavy rare earths

A method of nondestructive activation analysis of heavy rare earth elements (Sm−Lu) is described. Intensities of γ-ray peaks are compared to that of an internal reference after irradiations by both thermal and fission spectrum neutrons. Results are obtained from computer comparisons of peak areas.

Determination of gold by non-destructive activation analysis for purposes of geochemical and geobotanical prospecting

The correlation between gold content of rocks, ores and natural waters and plants from gold bearing areas for purposes of geochemical and geobotanical prospecting is being investigated. Non-destructive activation analysis was found to be advantageous for these purposes. The preliminary field study of samples obtained from an abandoned gold mine in the Bockhart area near Bad Gastein in Austria and from its environment is also described.

Determination of trace amounts of gold in natural sweet waters by non-destructive activation analysis after preconcentration

Determination of trace amounts of gold in natural sweet waters by non-destructive activation analysis after preconcentration

Digital methods of photopeak integration in activation analysis

A study of the precision attainable by several methods of gamma-ray photopeak integration has been carried out. The 'total peak area' method, the methods proposed by Covell, Sterlinski, and Quittner, and some modifications of these methods have been considered. A modification by Wasson of the total peak area method is considered to be the most advantageous due to its simplicity and the relatively high precision obtainable with this technique. A computer routine for the analysis of spectral data from nondestructive activation analysis experiments employing a Ge(Li) detector-spectrometer system is described.

Activation Analysis of Human Head Hair. III. : Activation Analysis of Hair by Short Time Irradiation

Hair samples were analysed by the short time irradiation with neutrons using pneumatic tube for the purpose of increasing detectable elements and establishing a rapid method of analysis in a practical case. Spectra of short-life nuclides of hair samples from different donors were sufficiently characteristic and distinguished from each other. Main detectable elements were Al, Br, Cl, Mn, and Na, and sometimes I, Se, Ti, and Zn were detected. Determination of Al and Cl was possible by a short irradiation. Their complex spectra could be analysed by the stripping method. As polyethylene sheet contains a markedly large quantity of Ar and other elements which disturb the determination of components in samples, its use in the non-destructive activation analysis must be reconsidered.

Determination of arsenic in human hair by non-destructive activation analysis

Determination of arsenic in human hair by non-destructive activation analysis

Multi-element standard for routine instrumental activation analysis of trace elements in rocks and tectites

The use of high-resolution Ge(Li) detectors in non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of mineral materials makes possible the simultaneous determination of a number of trace elements. In routine applications of INAA the use of a multi-element standard (MES) has proved to have advantages over a set of standards for each determined element. An MES has been prepared containing 8 trace elements mixed in a suitable proportion and giving, after neutron activation, long-lived γ-emitters, the γ-ray lines of which regularly occur in the γ-ray spectra of silicate mineral materials. This method has been used in the determination of Sc, Cr, Co, Rb. Cs, Eu, Hf and Th in samples of standard rocks and moldavites.

Activation analysis of Co-60 encapsulated in stainless steel needles.

Cobalt-60 clinical sources have wide applications in cancer treatment. Non-destructive activation analysis has been employed to assess the radiometric purity of cobalt needles encapsulated in stainless steel sheet after pile irradiation.

Use of very short-lived nuclides in nondestructive activation analysis with a fast shuttle rabbit

The use of 0.80 sec207mPb for the nondestructive determination of lead is described. The 0.570 MeV gamma-ray activity is measured, and corrections are made to allow for the rapid decrease of the dead-time during the measurements. A sensitivity of about 1400 cps/mg Pb and a precision of ±4 % were obtained with a neutron flux of 5·1012 n·cm−2·sec−1. The influence of possible interferences was studied. The fast shuttle rabbit used in this type of analysis is described.

Determination of aluminum and chlorine in composite propellants by nondestructive activation analysis using a mixture of 14.5 MeV and slow neutrons

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of aluminum and chlorine in composite propellants by nondestructive activation analysis using a mixture of 14.5 MeV and slow neutronsAlbert Edward. Richardson and Alex. HarrisonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 11, 1396–1399Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60280a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (474 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts