Non-conforming Problems Research Articles

Analisis Soal Ujian Biologi Tipe Higher Order Thinking Skill Berbasis Daring Selama Masa Pandemi Covid 19 Sekolah Menengah Atas

This research is a descriptive study where data is collected with the aim of knowing the characteristics and obtaining information about the Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) type of Final Exam questions. The subject of this research is the Biology Final Semester Examination for the 2020/202 Academic Year. This research has two stages, namely: Preparation and implementation stage to obtain documents in the form of school exam questions. Research data were collected through: (1) Problem Analysis, Researchers, biology education lecturers, and biology teachers analyzed each question from 3 characteristics that were fulfilled in each item, namely indicators consisting of stimulus, critical thinking skills, and solving abilities. problem. (2). Carry out FGD (Focus Group Discussion) to determine whether each item is included in the type of stimulus, critical thinking ability, and problem solving ability. (3) Tabulate the data for the results of the analysis of each question number. then the results of the analysis are tabulated on each indicator. The results obtained in this study are almost all HOTS type questions (95%), on the characteristics of almost all items (94.2%) in accordance with the provisions of competency achievement indicators. On the stimulus indicator, all HOTS type questions have a stimulus. Where "half" of the HOTS questions is stimulated by pictures, "less than half" is stimulated by case fragments and a small portion is stimulated by diagrams, tables, and examples. In critical thinking indicators, 91.86% of the "almost all" categories of HOTS questions have critical thinking characteristics, in addition that "a small part" (26.23%) of HOTS questions have problem solving characteristics including problem solving questions with indicators of identifying problems, identifying non-conforming problems, and solving problems based on data.

Support-vector classification of downstream problem effects during physical product development and ramp-up

During manufacturing of products at low maturity levels (referred to as physical product development, or production integration), nonconformance problem solving constitutes a key activity to prevent failure cost, to accelerate time to market and to fulfill quality expectations. With increasingly complex products and shortened innovation cycles, it even becomes a competitive factor. However, empirical studies show that the accompanied increase in problem dynamics and complexity exceed the problem assessment capabilities of human experts. In this work we present a machine learning based approach, focusing on the early symptom-based anticipation of critical problem dimensions. This is accomplished through the support vector classification of general quality management data such as required by ISO 9001, with regard to historic target values from the order-to-delivery process. The approach is validated for an early anticipation of problem relevance regarding ramp-up and series production through a design science study within the automotive industry. It can be shown that a dedicated agent outperforms human problem appraisal not only in terms of efficiency but also effectiveness. Furthermore, a naturalistic evaluation confirms usability and acceptance of the developed artifact within the application domain.

Influence of integration processes on harmonization of Ukraine and EU standards

Introduction. Following the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, Ukraine faces the problem in trade with the EU, as it was expected that the main obstacle would be non-tariff restrictions. The lifting of tariff barriers for domestic producers should help to increase exports to EU countries, but unfortunately for most manufacturers in almost all fields of activity this proved to be an unachievable goal, as the Ukrainian producer immediately faced the problem of non-conformity of the goods with various diversified technical regulations in the EU. Thus, the purpose of the work was to study the importance of maintaining the competitiveness of domestic producers in international markets, namely the interaction of public administration and market self-regulation at national, regional and sectoral levels. As the Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Adoption of Standards is important for Ukrainian manufacturers, new Laws of Ukraine «On Standardization», «On Metrology and Metrological Activity» and «On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment» were adopted. Development Strategy system of technical regulation was approved for the purpose of their implementation, and more than 80 regulatory acts have been developed and adopted. The purpose of the article is to look for mechanisms of public administration to implement the standards of the European Union, as well as to harmonize and adapt Ukrainian legislation to EU quality policy. Methods of research. Using theoretical and methodological provisions, priority directions of implementation and harmonization of European standards for Ukraine are considered: standardization and certification of products, as well as directions of development of the mechanism of state regulation of activation of the import potential of domestic enterprises. In addition, the HACCP Food Standards Systems were considered. The following standards are currently recognized: BRC Technical Standard, Dutch HACCP Standard, International Standard for Auditing Food Suppliers, International Food Standard (IFS), SQF 2000 Standard for Food Safety and Quality. Results. It can be argued that standards to which some Ukrainian exporters are currently not adapted are becoming a major obstacle to trade liberalization with the EU. And despite the fact that the Laws of Ukraine «On Standardization», «On Metrology and Metrological Activity» and «On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment», important for Ukrainian manufacturers, were adopted. The Strategy of development of the technical regulation system was approved for the purpose of the laws implementation together with other developed 80 regulatory acts. The issue of further harmonization is extremely important and urgent as it will allow domestic producers to sell their products covered by the Agreement on the EU market without additional conformity assessment procedures. Discussion. Further studies should address the development of public administration mechanisms and the problems of implementing European standards in the Ukrainian economy, and ensure the development of a significant number of Ukrainian economic sectors. And, most importantly, the effective development of the social infrastructure of the village should be ensured and the foundation for the proper economic level of its inhabitants should be created.

A Parallel Algorithm for the Solution of Large-Scale Nonconforming Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems in Hemodynamics

In this work we address the numerical solution of large scale fluid-structure interaction problems when nonconforming grids and⁄or nonconforming finite elements discretizations are used at the interface separating the fluid and structure physical domains. To deal with nonconforming fluid-structure discretizations we use the INTERNODES method (INTER-polation for NOnconforming DEcompositionS) formerly introduced in [6] for the solution of elliptic PDEs on nonconforming domain decomposition. To cope with the high computational complexity of the three dimensional FSI problem obtained after spatial and temporal discretization, we use the block parallel preconditioner FaCSI [7]. A numerical investigation of the accuracy properties of INTERNODES applied to the nonconforming FSI problem is carried out for the simulation of the pressure wave propagation in a straight elastic cylinder. Finally, we study the scalability performance of the FaCSI preconditioner in the nonconforming case by solving a large-scale nonconforming FSI problem in a patients-pecific arterial bypass.

A fuzzy-based multi-stage quality control under the ISO 9001:2015 requirements

This work focuses on the problem of non conformity (NC) characterisation in quality management systems (QMS) and introduces a fuzzy inference engine (FE) for NC analysis based on multi-stage quality control. The research has a twofold objective: 1) to characterise NCs based on risk analysis principles, 2) to define NC priorities. The FE is implemented according to the main requirements of the new ISO 9001:2015 Standard regarding risk analysis and NC assessment. The methodology was tested within an assembly line of mechanical components, where a number of NCs were detected and classified with respect to multiple features. Within this classification, risk analysis is explored through the use of failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). A risk criticality index (RCI) is defined and evaluated, which addresses NC criticality and the relative action priorities. [Received 28 January 2016; Revised 25 March 2016; Accepted 24 June 2016]

A new elastohydrodynamic lubricated spherical joint model for rigid-flexible multibody dynamics

In a unified global coordinate system frame, a new elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubricated spherical joint model for flexible multibody dynamics is proposed. The proposed joint can be further used to model the human gait artificial hip joints. To mesh the flexible spherical socket of the joint, an isoparametric fifteen-node pentahedron finite element with global nodal position coordinates is introduced. The element elastic forces and their Jacobians are derived using a continuum mechanics approach. The ball within the spherical joint is assumed to be rigid, and it is described using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation reference node (ANCF-RN). The spherical joint lubricant pressure is obtained by solving the Reynolds’ equation using the successive over relaxation (SOR) algorithm. To address the lubrication interface non-conformance problem that exists between the lubricant grid and the socket inner surface node grid, a novel lubricant finite-difference grid rotation scheme is introduced. The assembled equations of motion for the constrained rigid-flexible multibody system with a large number of degrees of freedom are solved using the generalized-alpha algorithm. Finally, four numerical examples are studied to validate the proposed EHD lubricated spherical joint model. Some numerical results are also verified using the commercial software ADINA.

A multi-dimensional high-order discontinuous Galerkin method based on gas kinetic theory for viscous flow computations

This paper presents a high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method based on a multi-dimensional gas kinetic evolution model for viscous flow computations. Generally, the DG methods for equations with higher order derivatives must transform the equations into a first order system in order to avoid the so-called “non-conforming problem”. In the traditional DG framework, the inviscid and viscous fluxes are numerically treated differently. Differently from the traditional DG approaches, the current method adopts a kinetic evolution model for both inviscid and viscous flux evaluations uniformly. By using a multi-dimensional gas kinetic formulation, we can obtain a spatial and temporal dependent gas distribution function for the flux integration inside the cell and at the cell interface, which is distinguishable from the Gaussian Quadrature point flux evaluation in the traditional DG method. Besides the initial higher order non-equilibrium states inside each control volume, a Linear Least Square (LLS) method is used for the reconstruction of smooth distributions of macroscopic flow variables around each cell interface in order to construct the corresponding equilibrium state. Instead of separating the space and time integrations and using the multistage Runge–Kutta time stepping method for time accuracy, the current method integrates the flux function in space and time analytically, which subsequently saves the computational time. Many test cases in two and three dimensions, which include high Mach number compressible viscous and heat conducting flows and the low speed high Reynolds number laminar flows, are presented to demonstrate the performance of the current scheme.

<i>The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America</i> (review)

Reviewed by: The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America Benjamin Kahan The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America. By Margot Canaday. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009. Pp. 371. $29.95 (cloth). Canaday’s study feels so indispensable and fresh that one can hardly imagine getting along without it. Rooted in exhaustive research and written in a pitch-perfect style, The Straight State charts how the American state policed and produced homosexuality as a legal category much more vigorously than its European counterparts. While attributing this American exceptionalism to the synchronous rise of sexology and American state building, Canaday’s primary focus is on rewriting national narratives of sexuality, turning away from the “local studies” of individual cities and regions that have characterized much of US LGBT historical scholarship since John D’Emilio’s landmark Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities (1983).1 It also marks a methodological departure from the scholarship of Eithne Luibhéid, Allen Bérubé, and David Johnson, which considers sexuality in relation to a single branch of the federal government (immigration, the military, and the civil service, respectively).2 The Straight State enriches and synthesizes this work by examining multiple areas of government. One of the major payoffs of these shifts is the chronicling of state regulation of homosexuality prior to World War II and McCarthyism. While previous histories have charted a sharp crackdown on homosexuality growing out of increasing gay and lesbian visibility around the era of World War II, Canaday extends the reach of a federally policed narrative of sexuality further back in time.3 [End Page 331] The book is divided into two parts, which are helpfully thought of in relation to Hugh Heclo’s phrase (quoted in the introduction) that states “puzzle before they power” (3). The first part, “Nascent Policing,” corresponds to the state’s “puzzling” as it determined how to negotiate what it perceived to be the new problem of gender and sexual nonconformity; the second part, “Explicit Regulation,” corresponds to the enactment of power, the deployment of regulatory measures to ensure the conjoining of heterosexuality and citizenship. Each of the two parts contains a chapter on immigration, welfare, and the military, enabling Canaday to chart a chronological narrative of the state’s response to sexuality as well as an arc of internal development. Canaday’s first chapter argues that as early as 1909 the US Bureau of Immigration was concerned with homosexuality. Even as it was at the vanguard of the federal regulation of homosexuality, the bureau was relatively inept at addressing what it perceived to be the problem. Its primary tool for expelling homosexual immigrants and citizens—the “likely to become a public charge” clause—was inexact (21). While this vague charge had a low burden of proof and could be wielded against many immigrants (as the preponderance of immigrants was poor), it also linked homosexuality to poverty and racial degeneration, rendering it ineffective against more affluent immigrants. The first half of the book is concerned with mapping the US government’s two-pronged approach to homosexuality, both retooling provisions already in place to police homosexuality, like the public charge clause, while also hiding its knowledge of the problem from public view. In chapter 2, for example, Canaday argues that the military employed its “traditional criminal procedure” (58)—the court-martial—not to “remove perverts from the force” (77) but rather to manage overt and violent displays of sodomy. At the same time, the military also hid its considerable knowledge about homosexual practice by blaming homosexuality on civilians. Chapter 3, similarly, argues that two analogous New Deal programs, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Federal Transient Program (FTP), with nearly identical goals differed dramatically in their ability to manage homosexuality. While both programs featured gender-segregated camps where men lived and worked together, the CCC avoided charges of homosexuality by positioning its unmarried male workers as “soldiers-in-training rather than reliefers” (93). In contrast, the FTP was overwhelmed from its inception by its association with “the distinctive sexual subculture of hoboes and bums in which homosexuality featured prominently” (92). One striking aspect of the first half of this book is the...

Mikalojaus Daukšos Postilės slavizmų morfologinė integracija

MORPHOLOGICAL INTEGRATION OF SLAVISMS IN Postilla BY MIKALOJUS DAUKŠASummaryThis paper deals with the morphological integration of Slavisms into the Lithuanian language. An attempt was made to determine in what cases and due to what reasons Slavic loanwords integrated into a certain type of declension system. It also discusses the problem of gender nonconformity (Slavic languages have three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter, while the Lithuanian language has two). For example, the research of Slavisms in Daukša’s Postilla indicated that if in Slavic languages the stem was soft then a Slavism would not integrate into o, a, u stems in the Lithuanian language. The present research shows that it is important to pay attention not to the added and rejected endings (cf. Valeckienė 1967; Laučiūtė 2007), but to concurrence or non-concurrence of declension types.

A combined multi-agent and case-based reasoning approach to support collaborative nonconformance problem solving in the thermoplastic injection moulding process

Injection moulding is one of the most versatile technologies for processing thermoplastic materials used nowadays in industry. Despite all the technological resources used, the probability of occurring nonconformances in the production stage cannot be completely eliminated, and in general these nonconformances occur owing to the complex interrelation among the constructive elements of the moulded part, the mould, the rheological characteristics of the resin, and the processing conditions. These factors lead to a difficult analytical modelling, and frequently cause the task of discovering the source of nonconformance and its solution to become slow and costly. Owing to this scenario, this paper presents an agent-based architecture that includes case-based reasoning agents to support nonconformance problem solving. This paper presents the set of descriptors that represent the nonconformance features, as well as the implementation of a prototype based on the Java Agent DEvelopment Framework (JADE Platform) and the jCOLIBRI CBR Framework as core engine. The results show that the developed system supports adequately the collaborative nonconformance problem solving in injection moulding, since it quickly provides, through a friendly interface, the following information: (a) knowledge inference, retrieval and presentation; (b) the suggested solutions for the nonconformance; (c) the result of carrying out the solution.

Contact Pressure Analysis in Conforming Problem

Concerning of non-conforming problem, various methods are proposed for calculating contact pressure between elastic two bodies. But about conforming problem, there are few papers for calculating method of contact pressure. Authors propose a new method applying Boussinesq solutions in conforming problem for calculating contact pressure between elastic arbitrary shape bodies. This method is of course effective in non-conforming problems. But, in this method, theoretical contradiction exists because of applying Boussinesq solutions, which is a solution of elastic half space, to conforming problem. For verification of this method, FEM calculations were performed in two cases. First is convex and concave sphere contact, and second is ball bearing innerrace and ball contact. The result of FEM was well corresponding to the result of authors' method in each case. The reason why this technique is corresponding to FEM, and why above contradiction is overcome are considered, in this paper. From the result of consideration, we thought that there is no problem on a practical side in applying this method to conforming problem, as long as two surfaces are adjacent and the basic surface can be set up.

Design and implementation of a generic nonconformance tracking and recovery (GINTR) system

Nonconformance tracking and recovery remains a major issue in large complex manufacturing systems due to the complexity of manufacturing processes, diversity of parts, high density of nonconformances, and fuzziness of nonconformance information. In addition, the existing nonconformance tracking and recovery systems are usually special purpose systems. They lack the capabilities to migrate to new working domains and integrate with other systems. This research proposes a comprehensive approach to nonconformance tracking and recovery. In conjunction with the soft computing and case-based reasoning (CBR) technologies, a generic intelligent system is designed to address the nonconformance tracking and diagnosis problem. A system built under such a comprehensive approach can track the nonconformance with multiple causes as well as limited knowledge and provide timely diagnostic recovery. A prototype of the GINTR system has been developed using the Microsoft .NET technology, which is considered as the next generation distributed computing paradigm. The prototype system developed is generic, fault tolerant, and agile. It can be adapted to diverse complex manufacturing environments with minimum difficulty.

A Hybrid Approach to Nonconformance Tracking and Recovery

The nonconformance diagnosis problem has been a major issue facing industry and academia over the years. Research has been carried out on technologies for different aspects of nonconformance diagnosis such as nonconformance monitoring, prediction, prevention, classification, tracking, and recovery. Despite these advances, nonconformance tracking and recovery still receive many concerns due to the fact that they are knowledge intensive and experience-based tasks, which in complex manufacturing environments can sometimes be beyond the capabilities of skilled operators and engineers. In addition, the existing systems for nonconformance tracking and recovery are usually special purpose systems. They lack the capabilities to migrate to new working domains. This paper proposes a generic intelligent nonconformance tracking and recovery (GINTR) system. In conjunction with computational intelligent techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), the system identifies the root causes of a nonconformance and provides timely corrective actions. The drive towards designing such a system is motivated by the need to implement a generic base of system capabilities that is reliable, economical, scalable, and provides a stable foundation for migrating the system to different domains.

A generic distributed architecture for nonconformance diagnosing systems

The nonconformance diagnosis problem has been a major issue facing industry and academia over the years. Nonconformance diagnosis is a knowledge-intensive and experience-based task, which in a complex manufacturing environment can sometimes be beyond the capabilities of skilled operators and engineers. The existing systems for nonconformance diagnosis are usually special purpose systems. They lack the capabilities to adapt to new working domains. In addition, since there is no standard protocol for the information exchange among different diagnosis systems, the existing systems cannot cooperate with each other to form an integrated solution to complex nonconformance diagnosis problems. This paper proposes a generic distributed architecture for nonconformance diagnosis. The drive towards designing such a system is motivated by the need to implement a generic base of system capabilities that is reliable, economical and provides a stable foundation for adding more functionality as diagnosis needs grow and change. The proposed architecture is designed using the multi-agent systems (MAS) technology and has the capacities of integration, cooperation, coordination, robustness and viability. Under such an open distributed architecture, different nonconformance diagnosis systems designed for special diagnosis applications can communicate with each other and share information. In addition, it is possible to dynamically integrate new subsystems into or remove existing subsystems from the system without stopping and reinitializing the working environment. A prototype system based on Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is being developed.

Boundary element analysis of two-dimensional elastoplastic contact problems

A general boundary element formulation for contact problems, capable of dealing with local elastoplastic effects and friction, is presented. Both conforming and non-conforming problems may be analysed. The contact problem is solved by means of a direct constraint technique, in which compatibility and equilibrium conditions are directly enforced in the general system of equations. The contact areas are modelled with linear interpolation functions, and quadratic interpolation functions are used everywhere else. Elastoplasticity is solved by a BEM initial strain approach The Von Mises yield criterion with its associated flow rule is adopted. Both perfectly plastic and work hardening materials are studied in the proposed formulation. An incremental loading technique is proposed, which allows accurate development of the loading history of the problem. The non-linear nature of these problems demands the use of an iterative procedure, to determine the correct frictional conditions at every node of the contact area and the value of the plastic strains at selected points where local yielding may have occurred. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed formulation.

Gilbert Burnet and the Problem of Nonconformity in Restoration Scotland and England

One of the thorny questions facing Restoration churchmen was what to do about those who failed to conform to the re-established Church of England. Virtually all churchmen could agree that those who dissented from the established church were guilty of schism. Beyond that, however, there was little consensus on what the church ought to do about these nonconformists. Gilbert Burnet, the Scottish-bom churchman who became Bishop of Salisbury in 1689, has acquired, both popularly and with his biographers, a reputation as a champion of toleration. Yet, although Burnet often expressed his distaste for the persecution of religious minorities, to characterize him as an “advocate of toleration” is misleading. Burnet shared with the majority of Restoration churchmen a commitment to a strong national church. Where he differed from most, however, was in his willingness to stretch the terms of communion within that national church so that the more moderate dissenters could be brought into it. Comprehension, rather than toleration, was Burnet’s answer to the problem of nonconformity. And Burnet’s commitment to comprehension is one that stretches all the way back to his days as a parish minister in Scotland. As such, the passing of the Toleration Act in 1689 in no way marked “the realisation of one of his most cherished dreams.”

Nonlinear Elastic Analysis of the Adhesive Strength between Rubber-Like Materials and Rigid Surfaces

Abstract A nonlinear elastic finite element analysis of the adhesive strength between rubber-like materials and rigid surfaces has been conducted based on fracture mechanics principles. The finite element model is an elastomer half sphere adhering to a rigid flat surface. An analytical solution for the system was first developed by Johnson, Kendall and Roberts (JKR) in 1971, which agrees well with experimental data for small contact area. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the relationship between the adhesive fracture energy, tensile loads and debonding process of the system when the contact area is large. A general analysis procedure for nonconforming adhesion-contact problem has been established in this study, which allows us to determine the adhesive fracture energy from measurements of the final pull-off force Pc or the zero-load contact radius α0. Our results agree well with JKR's prediction when the zero-load contact radius is less than 25% of the radius of the sphere. However, as the contact radius increases, the debonding process deviates from JKR's prediction.

Stability of penalty finite‐element methods for nonconforming problems

AbstractPenalty methods have been proposed as a viable method for enforcing interelement continuity constraints on nonconforming elements. Particularly for fourth‐order problems in which C1‐continuity leads to elements of high degree or complex composite elements, the use of penalty methods to enforce the C1‐continuity constraint appears promising. In this study we demonstrate equivalence of the finite‐element penalty method to a hybrid method and provide a stability analysis which implies that the penalty method is stable only if reduced integration of a certain order is used. Numerical experiments confirm that the penalty method fails if this condition is not met.

Flexible bearings : Automobile Engineer, v. 48, no. 7, July 1958 p. 255–259

In a unified global coordinate system frame, a new elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubricated spherical joint model for flexible multibody dynamics is proposed. The proposed joint can be further used to model the human gait artificial hip joints. To mesh the flexible spherical socket of the joint, an isoparametric fifteen-node pentahedron finite element with global nodal position coordinates is introduced. The element elastic forces and their Jacobians are derived using a continuum mechanics approach. The ball within the spherical joint is assumed to be rigid, and it is described using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation reference node (ANCF-RN). The spherical joint lubricant pressure is obtained by solving the Reynolds’ equation using the successive over relaxation (SOR) algorithm. To address the lubrication interface non-conformance problem that exists between the lubricant grid and the socket inner surface node grid, a novel lubricant finite-difference grid rotation scheme is introduced. The assembled equations of motion for the constrained rigid-flexible multibody system with a large number of degrees of freedom are solved using the generalized-alpha algorithm. Finally, four numerical examples are studied to validate the proposed EHD lubricated spherical joint model. Some numerical results are also verified using the commercial software ADINA.