Nominal Status Research Articles

Data Quality Assessment of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On Accelerometer.

Accelerometers are mainly used to measure the non-conservative forces at the center of mass of gravity satellites and are the core payloads of gravity satellites. All kinds of disturbances in the satellite platform and the environment will affect the quality of the accelerometer data. This paper focuses on the quality assessment of accelerometer data from the GRACE-FO satellites. Based on the ACC1A data, we focus on the analysis of accelerometer data anomalies caused by various types of disturbances in the satellite platform and environment, including thruster spikes, peaks, twangs, and magnetic torque disturbances. The data characteristics and data accuracy of the accelerometer in different operational states and satellite observation modes are analyzed using accelerometer observation data from different time periods. Finally, the data consistency of the accelerometer is analyzed using the accelerometer transplantation method. The results show that the amplitude spectral density of three-axis linear acceleration is better than the specified accuracy (above 10-1 Hz) in the accelerometer's nominal status. The results are helpful for understanding the characteristics and data accuracy of GRACE-FO accelerometer observations.

Robust vehicle lane keeping control with networked proactive adaptation

Road condition is an important environmental factor for autonomous vehicle control. A dramatic change in the road condition from the nominal status is a source of uncertainty that can lead to a system failure. Once the vehicle encounters an uncertain environment, such as hitting an ice patch, it is too late to reduce the speed, and the vehicle can lose control. To cope with unforeseen uncertainties in advance, we study a proactive robust adaptive control architecture for autonomous vehicles' lane-keeping control problems. In the proposed framework, the data center generates a prior environmental uncertainty estimate with a quantified uncertainty by combining weather forecasts and measurements from anonymous vehicles through a spatio-temporal filter. The prior estimate and quantified uncertainty contribute to designing a robust heading controller and nominal longitudinal velocity for proactive adaptation to each new abnormal condition. Then the control parameters are updated based on posterior information fusion with on-board measurements.

Totes and trauma 3: a schematic for trauma persistence

PurposeThe purpose of this conceptual paper is to demonstrate how memes perpetuate trauma with a schematic. This conceptual paper uses the “begin with the end in mind” meme to format the presentation of the necessary components for the schematic of how trauma persists across generations. It is the third paper in a series of applications of the recursive, test-operate-test schematic to the systemic effects of the information processes involved in trauma. The schematic presented permits evaluations of solutions to interrupt the generational trauma cycle.Design/methodology/approachThe required schematic components are described. Trauma (actual or perceived threat to survival) will be briefly discussed. Evolutionary processes that create the psychophysiology necessary to support nominal social expectations (NSEs) memes and metaphors will be summarized. The development of NSEs will be discussed. Metaphors and memes necessary for the creation of the schematic and esoteric events at level Learning IV will be briefly described. Finally, Figure 3, which illustrates the maintenance of NSEs and attempts to prevent their violation, will be explained.FindingsIt is asserted that functional human social behavior requires NSEs. Trauma is found to persist through the presence of anti-nominal NSE memes that are transduced by the individual into anti-nominal metaphors, which then damage grid, place and dentate gyrus cell (GPDG) neurophysiology. The damaged neurocircuits allow the use of anti-nominal NSE metaphors within our individual neurophysiology. Furthermore, anti-NSE memes interfere with the self-organized criticalities (SOCs) of genetic-epigenetic processes necessary for the intergenerational transfer of functional social behavior. When anti-NSE nominal metaphors are transduced back into anti-NSEs, social niche memes, the trauma process is reiterated. Anti-NSE memes and metaphors are found to be inappropriate criteria central to the maintenance of persistent trauma. Therefore, anti-NSE memes have hijacked our epigenetics and our social niches. Solutions are available because during our evolution, the Homo clade developed esoteric capabilities and the ability to bring back what information we can from those encounters. This physiology operates around the 5HT2A neural receptors that process hallucinogens, such as psilocybin. Accessing this resource system, either through naturally occurring altered states of consciousness or through micro-dose pharmaceutical psilocybin and related neurotransmitters, produces a significant structural change in the GPDG system to reset the NSE system illustrated in the schematic to its nominal status so that we can maintain nominal NSE relationships within our meme niche(s).Research limitations/implicationsThe source of persistent trauma in our social niche(s), the means by which the trauma is maintained and the means to mitigate and perhaps eliminate persistent trauma are identified. Based on these three conclusions, it is difficult to make decisions regarding corrective actions because of ubiquitous anti-NSE memes and because of the limitations of our ordinary consciousness.Practical implicationsIf we wish to survive as a species, we will need to discover the criteria necessary to maintain our niche(s) congruent SOCs and use them instead of tyrannical memes described by Dawkins (1989) to make decisions about ourselves and our niche(s).Social implicationsSignificant courage is required to identify the memes that maintain trauma because many of them are culturally sacred cows. Unfortunately, we have known since Bremner's (1995) MRI study of posttraumatic stress disorder that trauma causes brain damage. Fortunately, our NSE genes compel us to pursue restitution of the memes that maintain our trauma-inducing cultures.Originality/valueSeveral original assertions are presented. While the Homo clade ancestors began the creation of the social niche(s) that led to Homo sapiens sapiens, it is asserted that the australopiths created the NSE memes which are the foundation behaviors that permit our social niche(s). Furthermore, NSEs were produced by enhanced intentionality skills and NSEs were created by both genetic and memetic processes. The evolution of intentionality-NSE neural networks is asserted as the source of intentional material manipulation. While anti-NSE memes are claimed as the source of persistent trauma, the practice of esoteric technologies is presented as a solution to persistent trauma.

Predictive Value of Repeated Jump Testing on Nomination Status in Professional and under 19 Soccer Players.

Soccer clubs invest time and money in multidimensional identification practices, but the field implementation is still problematic. The repeated vertical jump test (RVJ), as an alternative to the monodimensional vertical jump, may offer similar prognostic value. Therefore, the prognostic validity of 15 RVJ within professional (PRO, n = 24) and under 19 years old (U19, n = 20) Greek male soccer players was examined. T-test, binomial logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic for prognostic validity of anthropometric and performance values in predicting PRO status were applied using Jamovi version 2.3.3.0. Significant group differences presented in body height and mass, body mass index (BMI), maximum and average jump height, and relative jump power. The predicting model was significant (x2(2) = 17.12, p < 0.001). Height and BMI were positive predictors of the PRO status (b = 21.66, p = 0.008 and b = 0.94, p = 0.014, respectively). The model was 73% accurate, 75% specific, and 71% sensitive, with excellent area under the curve. The RVJ test demonstrated outstanding discriminating prognostic validity. Until the applicability of the multidimensional models in predicting future player status is further established, field practitioners may use the simplistic RVJ testing to predict future status among male soccer players.

Predictive Value of Technical Throwing Skills on Nomination Status in Youth and Long-Term Career Attainment in Handball

BackgroundResearch on talent in sports aims to identify predictors of future performance. This study retrospectively investigated 1) relationships between young handball field players’ technical throwing skills and (a) their potential nomination to youth national teams and (b) their long-term career attainment 10 years later, and 2) associations between nomination status and career attainment.ResultsResults from retrospectively predicting nomination status and career attainment using logistic regression analyses show that technical throwing skills were partly able to explain players’ nomination status (Nagelkerke R2: females 9.2%, males 13.1%) and career attainment (Nagelkerke R2: 9.8% for female players). Here, variables throwing velocity and time on exercise showed statistically significant effects. In addition, nomination status and career attainment were shown to be associated using chi-square tests (w of .37 and .23 for female and male players, respectively) and nomination status as a predictor increased the prediction of career attainment remarkably (Nagelkerke R2: females 20.3%, males 12.7%).ConclusionsGiven these results, basic technical throwing skills may serve rather as a prerequisite in this age group on national level, emphasizing its importance already on lower levels and in younger age groups. Furthermore, advantages from entering the national TID system early especially for females are discussed.

The Unit Re-Balancing Problem

We describe the problem of re-balancing a number of units distributed over a geographic area. Each unit consists of a number of components. A value between 0 and 1 describes the current rating of each component. By a piecewise linear function, this value is converted into a nominal status assessment. The lowest of the statuses determines the efficiency of a unit, and the highest status its cost. An unbalanced unit has a gap between these two. To re-balance the units, components can be transferred. The goal is to maximize the efficiency of all units. On a secondary level, the cost for the re-balancing should be minimal. We present a mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation for this problem, which describes the potential movement of components as a multi-commodity flow. The piecewise linear functions needed to obtain the status values are reformulated using inequalities and binary variables. This results in a mixed-integer linear program, and numerical standard solvers are able to compute proven optimal solutions for instances with up to 100 units. We present numerical solutions for a set of open test instances and a bi-criteria objective function, and discuss the trade-off between cost and efficiency.

SPECIAL ASPECTS OF METROPOLITAN AREA (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE CITY OF NUR-SULTAN)

The strategic aim lies in coming to a decision on the specific and particular characteristics of the historical and cultural development of Nur-Sultan city. A range of traditional general scientific research methods has been used. They are analytical, synthetic, and comparative. Among other things, the author refers to statistical data that reflects socially significant development processes of the city, which is currently called Nur-Sultan. The article’s observation can be summarized in the following context. Sociocultural dynamics in the context of the transformation (renaming) of cities in Akmolinsk – Tselinograd – Akmola – Astana – Nur-Sultan system is taken into consideration. The statement is substantiated that the very dynamics of the city’s growth in question were evolutionary, consistent, systemic in nature. The remarkable thing is that in the spring of 1961 a new city appeared on the map of the USSR: Akmolinsk was renamed Tselinograd. In reality, a relatively small city has become the center of the region of the virgin land, the heart of the project for the all-Union development of virgin lands (North Kazakhstan and South Siberia). There is a description of the period, relatively short, but certainly significant in the context of the outlined thematic field, when the analyzed city was called Akmola. It has been stated that there is a task-oriented successive vector of public support, which has been provided to the city over the course of decades. The emphasis is put on the importance of political will and perseverance in giving Akmola, Astana, and then Nur-Sultan not only the nominal status of capital but also the actual position of the city, which is of fundamental importance for the socio-political, cultural, economic growth of the whole Kazakhstan. Succession and consistency are two basic factors that made a small settlement of the nineteenth century Akmolinsk a capital city of Nur-Sultan at the end of the first twenty years of the 21st century.

How to become an adjective when you're not strong (enough)?

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This article attempts to put a new spin on (the development of) weakly inflected adjectives, with a partic- ular focus on North Germanic, by recycling some traditional ideas. Point of departure is the observation that the Proto-Norse demonstrative hinn had ended up as a functional element in the extended adjectival projection in Old Norse – not as a definite article in the extended nominal projection (an otherwise well- known grammaticalization process). Following the old idea that weak inflection originally involved nominalization, it is argued that weak “adjectives” maintained their nominal status beyond Proto-Gemanic. Thus the weakening demonstrative originally occurs as a determiner in some nominal projection. At some stage prior to Old Norse, this constellation is reanalyzed at the phrasal level, from noun phrase to adjectival phrase, a process in which the demonstrative gets “trapped” inside the adjectival projection and is reanalyzed as adjectival article. This process termed phrasal reanalysis is operative at three levels, (i) lexical: N0 &gt;&gt; A0; (ii) phrasal: NP &gt;&gt; AP; (iii) functional: demonstrative &gt;&gt; adjectival article.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

К вопросу о соотношении номинального и фактического правового статуса национальных парков в соответствии с российским законодательством и сложившейся общественной практикой

К вопросу о соотношении номинального и фактического правового статуса национальных парков в соответствии с российским законодательством и сложившейся общественной практикой

Hold-Up Time Compensation Circuit of Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for High Light-Load Efficiency

This article proposes a half-bridge LLC resonant converter applying a simple circuit with a variable magnetizing inductance scheme for hold-up time requirement. By changing the magnetizing inductance of the main transformer, the proposed converter can satisfy the hold-up time requirement without sacrificing efficiency, featuring small conduction, and turn-off switching losses of the primary switches in the nominal status. In addition, the proposed converter can relieve the burden of the additional components by positioning them on the signal path, and the proposed circuit is self-powered by adding only one additional winding instead of the isolated power supply. Therefore, those of the size and cost of the proposed circuit can be reduced compared to the previous studies. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified with a 350 W prototype converter (56 V/6.25 A), and the improved circuit for the transient mode was also presented. The experimental results validated the theoretical analysis and showed the effectiveness of the proposed converter for high-efficiency applications, especially in light-load conditions.

The Polluter Pays Principle as an Instrument of Municipal and Global Environmental Governance in Climate Change Mitigation Law: Lessons from China, India, and the United States

The disparate fates of the polluter pays principle (ppp) as an instrument of municipal environmental governance in the environmental law of China, India, and the United States illustrate how institutions and culture can shape its use. In China, essential elements of the Chinese legal tradition and an institutionalized devolution of power from the central government to local governments essentially neutralized the Chinese variant of the ppp in one important context by mobilizing certain culturally defined behavioural norms at the local level. In India, the Supreme Court has behaved in accordance with the socially revolutionary role intended for it by the framers of India’s Constitution by recognizing a maximalist conception of the ppp as part of Indian law, although other features of India’s unique legal culture and institutions have reduced the impact of this development. In the United States, the institutionalized fragmentation of the law-making process within the Federal Government has undermined even the implicit implementation of the ppp, to which US environmental statutes do not refer. The implications of these developments for the ppp as an instrument of municipal but also global environmental governance in climate change mitigation law flow less from the nominal status of the ppp in the laws of China, India, and the United States than from the unique institutional and cultural conditions that prevail there. The result is a case study in how institutions and culture can transform the implementation of a principle of environmental governance that at first glance might seem to be a simple exercise in economic rationality into a different exercise that is not simple at all.

Nominal and verbal gerunds in present-day English: aspectual features and nominal status

In this paper, we want to add to the comparative description of Present-day English nominal and verbal gerundive nominalizations, by presenting the results of a quantitative, corpus-based analysis of their aspectual features. It will be shown that, in general, the claim that gerunds designate unbounded activities or activities that are in progress cannot be upheld—because a significant number of both nominal and verbal gerunds denote non-durative situations (achievements, semelfactives) or telic ones (accomplishments), and because most gerunds lack explicit markers of ‘completeness’ or ‘ongoingness’. As regards the distinction between nominal and verbal gerunds, it will be shown that nominal gerunds denote activities significantly more often and are more likely to occur in contexts which are explicitly marked for temporal bounding or for ongoingness. Verbal gerunds, on the other hand, represent significantly more often achievements or semelfactives and occur more often than nominal gerunds in neutral or unmarked contexts in terms of temporal bounding. These findings are shown to tie in with a number of recent functional-semantic accounts of the English gerund and shed new light on the categorial gradience between nominal and verbal gerunds.

Neotype Designation for the Marine Flatworm, Acanthozoon alderi (Polycladida: Cotylea: Pseudocerotidae), from India with Comments on the Taxonomical Status of the Genus.

Sudhanshu Dixit, Verónica N. Bulnes, and Chelladurai Raghunathan (2018) Acanthozoon alderi is an ovoid, medium-sized pseudocerotid. Body margin ruffled; pseudotentacles black and pointed, with white tips. Dorsal surface covered with papillae, except for the cerebral region. Background colour light brown, with marbled blackish pattern, middorsal black band with white blotches; black submarginal band and marginal white rim. This species was described from Borneo; however, no type specimen was designated or deposited in any museum by the author. Many nomenclature problems and misidentification have been encountered with this species (it has been identified as Acanthozoon sp. in many instances). Thus, it is necessary to designate a neotype to solve the problems of doubtful and confusing identities and maintain nomenclature stability. The present paper details internal anatomy for the first time and makes important observations about the nominal status of the genus.

Akan noun–verb nominal compounds: The exocentric synthetic view

A synthetic compound is regarded as an endocentric construction in which a deverbal nominal head inherits the internal argument of the underlying verb. The Akan noun-verb nominal compound is analysed as a synthetic noun-noun compound with a deverbal right-hand constituent. This is based on a pattern of downstep observed on the first syllable of the second constituent, triggered by a putative floating low tone of a deleted nominal(izing) prefix. This approach, which makes the compound endocentric, is needed to account for the nominal syntactic category of the compound, given that the left-hand nominal constituent is not the head. In this paper, we discuss and reject this endocentric analysis, showing that the argument for the nominal status of the right-hand constituent based on tonal melody alone is weak because some constructs which meet the structural requirement fail to exhibit the specified tonal melody. We argue, however, that we can maintain the synthetic compound analysis without committing to defend the view that the right-hand constituent is nominalized. This is the exocentric synthetic compound view. We present a constructionist account in which the syntactic category is a holistic constructional property of the compound, which is inherited from a meta-schema for Akan compounding. We also present a preliminary constructionist account of the tonal melody of the compound.

The early semantics of the neologism BREXIT: a lexicogrammatical approach

The aim of this paper is to examine the nominality of the neologism BREXIT using a corpus-informed lexicogrammatical approach. The term BREXIT, coined in 2012, used initially in print and social media in the UK is now internationally wide-spread. BREXIT is a blend of British + exit, which expresses the meaning of’Britain exiting from the EU’. Although ‘Brexit’ clearly expresses an event (motion) meaning, as a nominalization, it also expresses nominal meaning. In systemic functional linguistics (SFL), nominalization is much broader than lexical derivation and is treated as a means of conceptualising and encoding experience. In this paper the development of BREXIT is explored using a corpus of 1,641,903 words including 2,435 instances of BREXIT from its first use in May 2012 to the UK general election in 2015. Capturing the development of this term from its initial use allows some insight into the intended meanings of the speaker due to the glosses provided. These appositional expressions are combined with the collocations found in the corpus. The results show that while the meanings identifiable in the corpus are entirely nominal in use, the term encodes complex meanings of event-oriented meanings and of hypotheticality. In examining the nominal status of BREXIT, I show that not all nominalizations are instances of grammatical metaphor.

Classical Learning and the Law: Erudition as Persuasion in the Dragon Sinews, Phoenix Marrow Judgments of Zhang Zhuo

Tang literary judgments were essays written in the persona of an official resolving legal and administrative questions. They were an essential component of the civil service selection examination, whereby candidates holding nominal official status were appointed to actual posts in the bureaucracy. Zhang Zhuo’s Longjin fengsui pan (Dragon Sinews, Phoenix Marrow Judgments) is the earliest surviving collection of model judgment answers meant to aid candidates in preparing for the selection examinations. The judgments, composed in parallel prose of four and six syllables, are ornate and erudite, and rarely deal precisely with Tang formal law. This study goes beyond examining Zhang’s work from the perspective of the formal law by exploring how classical learning itself served as a persuasive force in the resolution of cases. I argue that the Longjin fengsui pan shows that the literati were well-versed in the formal law, but prized displays of erudition as a means of articulating the moral, rather than the tech...

Chronicle of a death foretold. Or when a National Monument fails its status.

The main goal of every heritage application is to achieve a nomination status to safeguard a property and guarantee its protection so that future generations may inherit some important values that contributed to creating a collective identity. However, that legacy depends on how and what should be protected, which implies a previous selection, which means a policy. To achieve this, any approach to classify a property should be based on a collective reflection about its significance. So, a patrimonial nomination is a juridical and legal status that attributes a value to a place as “heritage”. Nevertheless, that title may not be sufficient to guarantee the property’s most appropriate recognition, understanding or even appreciation of those who manage it, who use it.The aim of this article is to analyse the quality of the declassification decision approved concerning S. Domingos Church in Coimbra. It had been a National Monument since 1910, with a part included within the limits of the property nominated World Heritage by UNESCO, on the 22nd of June, 2013. To achieve that purpose, this work intends to analyse the chronicles of the technical and the historical process by examining them in relation to some pertinent texts that have contributed to the evolution of the concepts and the best practices in the field of heritage, as well as the national and international legal norms and regulations in use.It is not this paper’s intention to judge the decisions that were taken and justified technically and then accepted by those with the highest political responsibility. But it is this work’s intention to study this process so that heritage players may be better prepared to confront and deal with similar situations in the future. Heritage is a profitable resource that should be promoted and it is the community, in this case, the global one, that could lose the attributed value status by a long-predicted death. In this sense, it is our understanding that the most responsible stakeholders, such as the community itself, should be more vigilant for the future, because its common responsibility to pass on a value that was important for the creation of their cultural identity in the past, that it is still important and should, presumably, be important tomorrow.

Out-of-the-Money CEOs: Private Control Premium and Option Exercises

When a proxy contest is looming, the rate at which CEOs exercise options to sell (hold) the resulting shares slows down by 80% (accelerates by 60%), consistent with their desire to maintain or strengthen voting rights when facing challenges. Such deviations are closely aligned with features unique to proxy contests, such as the record dates and nomination status, and are more pronounced when the private benefits are higher or when the voting rights are more crucial. The distortions suggest that incumbents value their stocks higher than the market price when voting rights are valuable for defending control.

Direct election of regional presidents and party change in Italy

This article assesses the impact that direct election of regional presidents has had on party politics in Italy. It finds regional presidents exert a growing personalisation of power within parties at sub-national levels, primarily through their capacity for political nomination and de facto status as party negotiators in the governing coalition. While presidents may shape structures of regional party competition, they remain constrained by coalitional politics and can struggle to assert their authority against powerful governing partners or local powerbrokers rooted in the legislature. They also possess few mechanisms to consolidate their position at national level, consistent with a broader tendency towards ‘stratarchy’ in multi-level parties. Although the distinction between densely and loosely structured parties remains relevant, a common trend towards ‘cartelisation’ at sub-national levels is noted as political parties prioritise the control of state resources and the governing legitimacy this entails. This article contributes to our broader understanding of the multi-level dynamics of party politics in Europe, as well as the unintended consequences of experimenting with an untested hybrid model of ‘directly elected Prime Minister’ in the Italian regions.

Death on Two Fronts: National Tragedies and the Fate of Democracy in Newfoundland, 1914-34, by Sean Cadigan

Death on Two Fronts: National Tragedies and the Fate of Democracy in Newfoundland, 1914-34, by Sean Cadigan. History of Canada Series. London, Allen Lane, 2013. xvii, 384 pp. $34.00 US (cloth). first date in this book's title, the year the Great War began, clearly refers to one of the tragedies the author sets out to discuss. Still, the adjective national, for an event that is often interpreted as a calamity for civilization, stands as a warning that what follows is more than a recounting of the harrowing events that devastated the fields of Flanders and France. Another cryptic adjective in the title is the number two. Those who were raised and live outside of Newfoundland tend to think of the western Front, along with acknowledgement of the Dardanelles disaster at Gallipoli, as the front associated with death in the Great War. Such parochialism is dispelled here, when the reader learns that the word is also used in Newfoundland to describe the ice fields off the province's northeast coast, where the seal hunt is concentrated and where three months before the assassination at Sarajevo seventy-eight men from one sealing vessel (the SS Newfoundland) died from a combination of severe weather and bungled management of the hunt. A history professor at Memorial University (itself established to honour the fallen of the First World War and later of the Second as well), Cadigan displays great literary skill as he describes the horror Newfoundland soldiers and sealers encountered in the trenches and in the North Atlantic. In particular, the devastation wrought upon the Royal Newfoundland at Beaumont Hamel, during the battle of the Somme on 1 July 1916, haunts the rest of the book. At one point, in 1917, the had taken so many casualties, and in the absence of adequate replacements, that it was withdrawn from the Front in order to serve as the personal bodyguard to Field Marshall Haig at general headquarters. tragedy at Beaumont Hamel is told in chapter five, halfway through the book, which ends with chapter ten, The Death of Democracy. It is that last tragedy, on a third front one might say, that makes Cadigan's study something more than a predictable account of the First World War. For in addition to the personal pain and grief that loss of life and maimed bodies of returned soldiers brought to Newfoundland, it demoralized the colony's politics. On this latter point, it is important to be clear about the island's constitutional position within the Empire: after 1907, it possessed nominal status as a dominion, which after 1916 grew to full status because of its war effort, especially the sacrifices of the Regiment (p. 173). Maintaining recruitment by voluntary enlistment therefore became, for some, a crucial measure of Newfoundland's emerging autonomy, conscription an admission of weakness--personal, political, and moral. More important than either stand was the conflict between pro- and anti-conscription supporters, which contributed to the deterioration of Newfoundland's post-war economy and politics. …