Aspects Of Nomenclature Research Articles

Hommage à pierre compère à l'occasion de sa retraite

On the occasion of the retirement of Pierre Compère, his 35-year scientific career as a phycologist at the National Botanical Garden of Belgium is summarized. He mainly worked and published on the freshwater algal flora of tropical, mostly African, regions. He also started the publication of the first algal flora of Belgium. Besides his floristic and taxonomic studies, he has been very much involved in nomenclatural aspects of algae and is still secretary of the Committee for Algae of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy. He also remains active on the editorial boards of the Belgian Journal of Botany and the phycological journals Cryptogamie, Algologie and Diatom Research. His 85 phycological papers published during the period 1966–1999 are listed along with the algal taxa he described.

Invited paper

In Europe, tall herb communities dominated by Oenanthe crocata are found on alluvial soils mainly in Atlantic vegetation zones. The floristic variability of these communities has been summarised by means of multivariate classification and ordination methods. Nomenclatural aspects concerning Oenanthe crocata communities have been revised. Two associations have been distinguished in the class Phragmito‐Magnocaricetea: the fresh water Glycerio declinatae‐Oenanthetum crocatae and the brackish water Cochleario aestuariae‐Senecietum aquatici. Two others associations, Rumici obtusifolii‐Oe‐nanthetum crocatae ana Oenantho crocatae‐Filipenduletum ulmariae, were also recognised as corresponding to the classes Molinio‐Arrhenatheretea and Filipen‐dulo ulmariae‐Calystegietea septum, respectively.

Color research in architectural education?A cross-cultural explorative study

This study investigates the knowledge of architectural students about perceptual and psycho-physiological aspects of color, color nomenclature, existing myths and beliefs, and how color is used in their everyday work in the studios. Data were collected mainly by means of questionnaires, to first- and final-year students in five schools of architecture: three in Sweden and two in the United Kingdom. The results were analyzed for each country and educational level, and comparisons made between them. The findings show there is a severe lack of knowledge about color research in both countries. Reading color literature and attending lectures or conferences was rare. However, most participants reported positive attitudes toward color research, especially studies of color perception and color preferences. Knowledge of the Natural Color System (NCS) and British Standard (BSI) was poor, and only a handful of the respondents knew the theoretical basis of the systems. Most of the students complained about the lack of coverage of the subject area in lectures, seminars, or studio work, with very little theory and only few practical exercises. Because students perceive color design as their own future responsibility and basic design education seems to be the main source of color information, the problem of this deficient knowledge should be seriously addressed by researchers and educators. The results suggest ways of improvement and list the most appropriate and preferred methods of communicating research on color. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 23, 328–334, 1998

Symposium

This symposium on ovarian borderline tumors is based on the scientific program of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists that was held in conjunction with the U.S.-Canadian Division of the International Academy of Pathology in March 1996. Four eminent gynecological pathologists who have had a special interest in these tumors were asked to focus on their more controversial aspects. The discussions reflect the enormous growth in our understanding of borderline tumors that has occurred over the past two decades but also reflect the lack of consensus regarding important aspects of nomenclature, histogenesis, and biology of the ovarian tumors and the extraovarian peritoneal lesions with which they are often associated. Dr. Silva, who organized the symposium, was hoping that an agreement could be reached among the participants. Although no consensus on the issues was attained, it is hoped that this symposium will highlight for the readers of the Journal the problem areas in borderline tumors while clarifying the various points of view held by the discussants.

C60, C70, C76, C78and C84: numbering, π-bond order calculations and addition pattern considerations

The increasing number of fullerene derivatives now being produced raises the problem of site identification within a given molecule. Some nomenclature aspects for C60, C70, C76, C78 and C84, and problems which arise from this are described. A site location system for each fullerene is proposed. π-Density calculations have been performed for each of these fullerenes in order to predict sites that may be involved in the addition of non-bulky reagents. Possible addition sites for bulky reagents are also identified on the basis that no two groups can be adjacent and symmetrical addition is optimal.

Newsletter 1986

NC‐IUB and JCBN hope that their Newsletters, designed to inform scientists about the work of the committees, may help the biochemical community. They are intended to call attention to features of recommendations that are recently published or that are in press. Comments on any item in this Newsletter, or any other aspect of biochemical nomenclature, may be sent to any member of the nomenclature committees, or to their secretary, Dr A. Cornish‐Bowden, Department of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham, England, B 15 2 TT.The 1985 Newsletter was published in Biochem. Int. 10, following p. 128 (1985); Biochem. J. 225, I–IV (1985); Biosci. Rep. 5, 185–188 (1985); Eur. J. Biochem. 146, 237–239 (1985); Biol. Chem. Hoppe‐Seyler, 366, 3–7 (1985). An abridged version containing JCBN but not NC‐IUB material appeared in Chem. Int. (1985) No. 7, 7–9, and excerpts have appeared in Trends Biochem. Sci. 9 and 10 (1984 and 1985).

(785-787) Nomenclatural Aspects of the Plants Pictured by Jan and Caspar Commelin with Three Proposals to Conserve or Reject

(785-787) Nomenclatural Aspects of the Plants Pictured by Jan and Caspar Commelin with Three Proposals to Conserve or Reject

Xylaria Cubensisand Its AnamorphXylocoremium Flabelliforme, Xylaria Allantoidea, andXylaria Poiteiin Continental United States

Biological, taxonomic, and nomenclatural aspects of Xylaria cubensis, X. allantoidea, and X. poitei are discussed, with particular reference to their occurrence and activities in continental United...

Xylaria cubensis and Its Anamorph Xylocoremium flabelliforme, Xylaria allantoidea, and Xylaria poitei in Continental United States

Biological, taxonomic, and nomenclatural aspects of Xylaria cubensis, X. allantoidea, and X. poitei are discussed, with particular reference to their occurrence and activities in continental United States. A new hyphomycetous genus, Xylocoremium, is erected to accommodate separate and distinct coremial anamorphs of Xylaria species. The type species is Xylocoremium flabelliforme comb. nov., the anamorph of X. cubensis.

Notes on the Insect Collection of Charles De Geer, with a revision of his species of Fanniidae, Anthomyiidae and Muscidae (Diptera)

AbstractNotes are given on the life of Charles De Geer ( 1720-1778), on the history of his insect collection, and on some nomenclatural aspects of his work. The 10 species he described into the present families Fanniidae, Anthomyiidae and Muscidae are listed, their typematerial and identities discussed, and iectotypes designated where appropriate. 4 new synonyms are established: Fannia scalaris (Fabricius, 1794) (syn: minordomestica De Geer, 1776), Pegomya steini Hendel, 1925 (syn: fungorum De Geer, 1776, preocc.), Pegomya testacea (De Geer, 1776) (syn: silacea Meigen, 1830), and Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus, 1758) (syn: viridicaerulea De Geer, 1776).

TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON UROSPORA (ACROSIPHONIALES, CHLOROPHYCEAE) IN WESTERN EUROPE

SUMMARY In this report on the taxonomic studies on the genus Urospora Areschoug in Western-Europe, a reclassification of the species is proposed. Comparative studies were made on natural collections, uni-algal cultures, herbarium collections and sections prepared for electron microscopy. These studies confirm the recognition of four species, viz. Urospora wormskioldii (Mertens in Hornemann) Rosenvinge, U. bangioides (Harvey) Holmes & Batters, U. penicilliformis (Roth) Areschoug and U. neglecta (Kornmann) nov. comb. The morphology of the gametophytic filament and the uni-celled sporophytic (Codiolum-)phase, the life-history, the nomenclature and historical aspects, and details of the ultrastructure of the vegetative thallus and the zoospores (in particular the flagellar apparatus) are discussed. Reliable, diagnostic characters for these species are shown to be the degree of rhizoidal development in the most basal cell and its neighbouring cells, the shape of mature vegetative cells in the filaments and their cell diameter, the dimensions of zoospores and gametes, and the presence of dwarf plants in the life cycle. The shape and size of the developing Codiolum-plants are shown to vary with external conditions. The Codiolum-plants in culture are clearly shorter than their natural counterparts. Moreover, differently shaped Codiolum-plants, collected from various natural populations, proved to belong to the life-history of the same Urospora species. A brief discussion is given to the taxonomic status of the genus Codiolum Braun. No species-distinguishing ultrastructural features were found among these four species. The micro-anatomy of the pyrenoid and the unique flagellar apparatus proved to be similar for all Urospora species. At the fine structural level, Urospora forms a clear-cut taxonomic unit.

Notes on Diospyros (Ebenaceae) in the Mascarene Islands

Summary. During the preparation of an account of the Ebenaceae for the 'Flore des Mascareignes' the following new taxa were recognized: Diospyros egrettarum, D. borbonica, D. hemiteles and D. revaughanii. These are described, and because out of the 14 native species recognized, only 4 correspond taxonomically and nomenclaturally with species at present accepted in the standard works covering this area, other notes are included, with a discussion of relevant historical, taxonomic and nomenclatural aspects.

Classification of tympanoplasty.

The following editorial and solicited commentary about the editorial concern an important aspect of nomenclature for otologic surgery. We hope that this editorial will encourage the further discussion and application of criteria for classification of tympanoplasty.—B.R.A.

Classification of tympanoplasty.

The following editorial and solicited commentary about the editorial concern an important aspect of nomenclature for otologic surgery. We hope that this editorial will encourage the further discussion and application of criteria for classification of tympanoplasty.—B.R.A.

The Surgical Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The author presents a book on surgical techniques which can be used for preservation or restoration of joint function, based on 33 years of experience as orthopedist to the Arthritis Clinic of New York University. There is an introductory group of four chapters on the general aspects of nomenclature, nature, and pathological condition of rheumatoid arthritis by Currier McEwen, MD, who headed the Rheumatic Diseases Study Group at New York University for many years. McEwen records his opinion that synovectomy may be a conservative measure to preserve function in the properly selected rheumatoid joint. The book covers the subject in general and then takes up specific management of individual regions, covering the entire body; the outline is very thorough. There is a great deal of emphasis placed on therapeutic exercises which are performed as rhythmic calisthenics. A specific muscle group is given selective training without affecting to a significant extent

NONPROPRIETARY NAMES; NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL.

One of the Egyptian gods associated with the healing arts was Thoth. Some time later, the Greek god, Hermes, assumed a similar role, while, in Roman mythology, the same god was known as Mercury. We can trace the role of this god in the various mythologies because of his identification with an emblem showing two serpents on a staff surmounted by wings. From the name of the staff, caduceus, the ancients derived another name for this god, caducifer . Thus, early in the history of medicine and pharmacy we find a pattern that is strikingly modern: short, apparently unrelated trademarks and a somewhat less simple, but more informative, nonproprietary name. As the title of this paper implies, the national and international aspects of nonproprietary nomenclature will be discussed. To put a reasonable limit on such an ambitious undertaking, the discussion of the national aspects of drug nomenclature will be confined primarily

Structure fine du ganglion humain normal et malin

What morphologic investigations can contribute to the understanding of physiological and pathological processes is magnificently demonstrated in this king-sized volume, the main portion of which is an atlas of lymph node cytology. The introductory text presents the techniques employed for electron microscopy and brief case histories of the patients whose lymph node biopsies were used for this study. In a detailed outline of normal lymph node cytology, findings obtained with light microscopy and electron microscopy are correlated with each other and with functional aspects. This forms the background for a lucid discussion of the ultrastructure of cells in malignant lymphomas. While the authors take a stand on some controversial aspects of nomenclature and interpretation, they commendably refrain from introducing any new terminology. The main portion of the monograph consists of 100 excellently reproduced plates, mostly electron micrographs, provided with informative legends and markings. They follow the same sequence as the

IX. THE NOMENCLATURE OF FOSSIL PLANTS

ARTICLE 9 of International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature2 provides that the rules and recommendations of botanical nomenclature apply to all classes of plant kingdom, recent and fossil, with certain distinctly specified exceptions. However, examination of Rules soon reveals that certain important aspects of nomenclature of fossil plants are not yet covered by specific articles and recommendations. To remedy this condition, several sets of new proposals have been advanced, notably those by Jongmans, Halle, and Gothan,3 those by British paleobotanists,4 and those recently formulated by American paleobotanists. These three groups of proposals are representative of opinions held by many paleobotanists, whereas proposals of Dubois-Ladurantie and Gaussen5 and Hylander6 are outgrowths of individual efforts to resolve existing difficulties. Although these sets of proposals differ in various ways from one another and Rules, most of them prove that existing framework of latter is capable of expansion and correction to cover paleobotanical nomenclature. As actual proposals either have been published, or, like American proposals, are to be published in near future, main part of following discussion will deal with more important aspects of paleobotanical nomenclature represented by latter. A brief comment regarding American Committee on Paleobotanical Nomenclature may here be in order. Founded shortly before war,7 and hampered at first by it, original Committee was replaced by present one in March, 1947. The Droposals received and acted upon by present 1 For their active participation, either in formulating proposals or by critical reading of manuscript, author is greatly indebted to Dr. E. E. Sherff, Chairman of Symposium; Dr. W. H. Camp, Chairman of Committee on Nomenclature, American Society of Plant Taxonomists; to members of Committee on Paleobotanical Nomenclature, Drs. J. H. Johnson, H. L. Mason, and N. W. Radforth; and to several colleagues, especially Drs. J. M. Schopf, H. N. Andrews, Jr., and C. A. Arnold. 2 Bisby, G. R. An Introduction to Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Fungi. Kew. 1945. Camp, W. H., H. W. Rickett, and C. A. Weatherby. International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. Brittonia 6: 1-120. 1947. 3 Jongmans, W., T. G. Halle, and W. Gothan. Proposed Additions to International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. Adopted by Fifth International Botanical Congress Cambridge 1930. Heerlen. 1935. 4 Thomas, H. H. Proposed Additions to International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. Suggested by British Paleobotanists. Jour. Bot. 73: 111-113. 1935. 5 Dubois-Ladurantie, G., et H. Gaussen. Projet de Nomenclature Paleobotanique. Bull. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse 76:289-295. 1941. 6 Hylander, Nils. International Rules of Scientific Botanical Nomenclature-A New Proposal. 1948. 7 Schopf, J. M. American Committee on Paleobotanical Nomenclature. Chronica Botanica 7: 226-227. 1942. Committee will be published, together with those submitted to Committee on Nomenclature of American Society of Plant Taxonomists.8 The resulting publication will contain complete text of all proposals and accompanying arguments, together with names of respective authors. As a group, American paleobotanical proposals readily reflect spirit of Rules. For, if adopted, they are likely to effect least number of nomenclatural changes toward eventual stabilization of paleobotanical nomenclature. EXCEPTIONS TO THE PRINCIPLE OF PRIORITY.The recent discovery in China of a living Metasequoia,9 quickly resulted in a new proposal badly needed for selection of types, if names of related living and fossil plants are involved.10 Its published version has just been modified bv its author and as such approved by two American committees mentioned above. It now reads as follows: Names based on types derived from modern material always take nomenclatural precedence over names permanently attached to specimens of fossil or subfossil character. The reason for this proposal, its bearing on similar cases, and possible implications for future paleobotanical discoveries have been stated by its author and need not be detailed again. It is interesting to note, however, that no similar proposal has been incorporated among various recommendations by European paleobotanists. Although this proposal would actually sanction occasional departures from principle of priority as stipulated in Rules, such instances are not likely to be very numerous. In fact, number of exceptions to consistent application of principle of priority resulting from adoption of this proposal will be small compared with many names bound to appear on projected list of nomina generica conservanda of fossil plants. An objection concerns possibility of confusion arising from converse application of names of fossil plants to living plants. Although this problem exists, it is not very serious. According to art. 61, names of fossil plants applied to living

Emendations to Our Proposals Concerning the Nomenclature of the Gill Fungi

Since our proposals first appeared (Mycologia 38: 240-299. 1946), we have continued to check and recheck on the correctness of our data and the practical desirability of our proposals. This work has been helped by discussions with Dr. M. A. Donk who spent several months at the Farlow Herbarium, working on Basidiomycetes and comparing notes with the senior author on various aspects of nomenclature and systematics. In spite of the fact that only five items have turned out to be, in one way or another, in need of emendation or correction, we believe that a speedy publication of the changes in the proposals is desirable even though they might be of no immediate nomenclatural importance or seem to be minor technicalities. They will, however, emend the set of facts on which we base our proposals, and will be of interest to those who, two years from now, must decide whether or not they will approve the proposals concerning the nomenclature of the gill fungi as outlined in our paper. On p. 258, between XII and XIII, W. G. Smith's work, Clavis Agaricinorum, 1870, was omitted. In this, the genus Lepista (Fr.) W. G. Smith, l.c. p. 26, was first considered as a genus after it had been treated as a section of Paxillus by Fries in Epicrisis p. 315, 1838. The only possible, logical and practical type species, occurring both in Fries' and in Smith's definition of this taxonomic unit, is Paxillus lepista Fr. If this species, as we now propose, is considered as the species typica of Lepista, it turns out that Rhodopaxillus R. Maire becomes a synonym of Lepista, which has a solid priority. This is, of course, important only for those authors who separate this group from Tricholonia and Clitocybe. Aside from that, it makes our previous discussions on Lepista (see no. 73, p. 266, l.c. and no. 81, p. 269, l.c.) unnecessary. These should be considered as deleted. On the same page (258), between XII and the above insertion, 627