Nitrogen-doped TiO2 Research Articles

Antibacterial and Antifungal Characteristics of Hydroxyl Apatite Composite Material Coated on Nitrogen-doped TiO2 (HA/N-TiO2)

Photocatalytic technology using nano-material HA/TiO2 has been widely applied worldwide to treat pollutants, kill airborne gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and candida fungi, especially indoor air. In this study, HA/N-TiO2 material was synthesized with oxidation-reduction absorption properties and photocatalytic ability in the visible-light irradiation that helps reduce costs compared to using ultraviolet light (UV). The structure and morphology of the material were evaluated using XRD, SEM methods, showing HA/N-TiO2 has a spherical crystal structure, sharp, and uniform with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 30 nm. To assessment of the antibacterial and antifungal efficiency of the material, we inoculated the culture of microorganisms on 10x10 cm tiles coated with HA/N-TiO2 solution with the coating thickness of 0.3 µm. This coating thickness resulted in optimal antibacterial efficacy. With continuous fluorescent light 20 W exposure for 1-9 hours, up to 96-100% of inoculated bacteria were eliminated. In real-scale experiments on the wall surfaces, the quantity of bacteria and mold decreased by 20% after 30 days when treated with HA/N-TiO2 solution compared to the control sample. HA/N-TiO2 material has the potential to treat bacteria and fungi on a practical scale if there is further cost-benefit analysis extensive research.

Preparation of nano-TiO2 spherical catalyst doped with nonmetallic elements for potential use in CO2 reduction

Abstract P (St-HEA) microsphere was synthesized as template to prepare TiO2. Nano TiO2 spheres, nitrogen doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) spheres and sulfur doped TiO2 (S-TiO2) spheres were prepared by sol-gel method with the above template. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and XPS. The results showed that TiO2 from sulfur and nitrogen atoms in thiourea and urea in situ doped in the crystal lattice. The TiO2 spherical catalyst doped with nonmetallic elements showed typical anatase phase at lower temperature, and spheres structure with pores and different particle size about 200 nm to 1μm. The obtained TiO2 spherical catalyst doped with nonmetallic elements may potentially use in the photo-catalysis of CO2 reduction.

Interstitial N-Doped TiO2 for Photocatalytic Methylene Blue Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation

Photocatalysis is a promising method for methylene blue (MB) degradation due to its effectiveness and environmental compatibility. Among the photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used for MB degradation due to its exceptional photocatalytic activity. However, the wide bandgap limits the degradation efficiency of TiO2 under visible light. Here, an interstitial nitrogen-doped TiO2 (5%NT/TiO2) used thiourea as the N source was fabricated for visible light-derived MB degradation. The 5%NT/TiO2 exhibited an extended absorption range of visible light. Moreover, photoelectrochemical measurements showed an improvement in the photocurrent response and charge transfer behavior on N/TiO2. Thus, 5%NT/TiO2 had enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with pristine TiO2 and substitutive N-doped TiO2 (5%NAB/TiO2). The accelerated photocatalytic MB degradation process on N/TiO2 could be mainly attributed to the interstitial N doping, which caused the appearance of new energy states and extended optical properties. Through comparing the impact of interstitial and substitutive in TiO2 activity, our work proposes a suitable form of element doping to enhance the optical properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and even other semiconductors, providing guidance for future work.

Double nonmetal elements modified porous TiO2 homogeneous junction for efficient photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane

The nitrogen-doped TiO2 with mesoporous structure, anatase/rutile homogeneous junction and surface carbon species were successfully synthesized by facile hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate and preheating under the sealed condition, followed by a urea-aided calcination process. Interestingly, the as-obtained carbon modified TiO2 intermediates prepared by pretreating at different temperatures showed a certain photocatalytic activity for cyclohexane oxidation, and the carbon species were deposited to the surfaces of TiO2 via the Ti-O-C bond. The microstructure and photocatalytic activity of the double nonmetal elements modified porous mixed-phase TiO2 microspheres were found to depend on the preheating conditions, and nitrogen was doped into TiO2 lattice, the co-modification of nitrogen and carbon jointly improved the light absorption capacity and reduced the band gap of TiO2. The construction of a mixed-phase junction further improved the photocatalytic performance of the co-modified TiO2 compared with pure anatase or rutile TiO2. The optimal catalyst (N-TiO2-3 b) displayed efficient and stable photocatalytic performance for three cycles. When the reaction was conducted in real outdoor circumstances, the high ketone yield (206.22 μmol) and selectivity (99.92 %) were achieved. The synthetic method was simple and cheap, thus this work showed great potential for green production of fine chemicals under moderate conditions.

Nanoscale Graded Nitrogen-Doping of TiO2 via Pulsed Laser Deposition for Enhancing Charge Transfer in Perovskite Solar Cells.

An electron transport layer (ETL) for highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) should exhibit superior electrical transport properties and have its band levels aligned with interfacing layers to ensure efficient extraction of photo-generated carriers. Nitrogen-doped TiO2 (TiO2:N) is considered a promising ETL because it offers higher electrical conductivity compared to conventional ETLs made from spray-pyrolyzed TiO2. However, the application of highly doped TiO2:N in PSCs is often limited by the misalignment of energy band levels with adjacent layers and reduced optical transparency. In this study, a novel approach is introduced to enhance the charge transport characteristics and accurately align the electronic band alignment of TiO2:N layer through nanoscale doping level grading, achieved through the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The TiO2:N ETL with a graded doping profile can combine characteristics of both highly doped and lightly doped phases on each side. Furthermore, a nanoscale doping gradation, employing an ultrathin sub-layer structure with graded doping levels, creates a smoothly cascading band-level alignment that bridges the adjacent layers, enhancing the transport of photo-generated carriers. Consequently, this method leads to a substantial increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE), exceeding 22%, which represents a relative improvement of 11% compared to traditional spray-pyrolyzed TiO2-based PSCs.

Nitrogen-Doped TiO2- x(B)/MXene Heterostructures for Expediting Sulfur Redox Kinetics and Suppressing Lithium Dendrites.

Practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is severely impeded by the random shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), sluggish sulfur redox kinetics, and uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites, particularly under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions. Here, nitrogen-doped bronze-phase TiO2(B) nanosheets with oxygen vacancies (OVs) grown in situ on MXenes layers (N-TiO2- x(B)-MXenes) as multifunctional interlayers are designed. The N-TiO2- x(B)-MXenes show reduced bandgap of 1.10eV and high LiPSs adsorption-conversion-nucleation-decomposition efficiency, leading to remarkably enhanced sulfur redox kinetics. Moreover, they also have lithiophilic nature that can effectively suppress dendrites growth. The cell based on the N-TiO2- x(B)-MXenes interlayer under sulfur loading of 2.5mg cm-2 delivers superior cycling performance with a high specific capacity of 690.7 mAh g-1 over 600 cycles at 1.0 C. It still has a notable areal capacity of 6.15 mAh cm-2 after 50 cycles even under a high sulfur loading of 7.2mg cm-2 and a low electrolyte-to-sulfur (E/S) ratio of 6.4 µL mg-1. The Li-symmetrical battery with the N-TiO2- x(B)-MXenes interlayer showcases a low over-potential fluctuation with 21.0mV throughout continuous lithium plating/stripping for 1000h. This work offers valuable insights into the manipulation of defects and heterostructures to achieve high-energy Li-S batteries.

The selection of a nitrogen precursor for the construction of N-doped titanium dioxide with enhanced photocatalytic activity for the removal of gaseous toluene

The preparation of nitrogen-doped TiO2 (i.e., N–TiO2) catalysts is a highly effective option to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Nonetheless, relatively little is known about the effects of dopant precursors selected for their preparation with regard to the photocatalytic efficacy. In this study, three types of dopants are selected and used as N sources (urea (U), melamine (M), and aqueous ammonia (A)) for N–TiO2 samples with the name codes of NTU, NTM, and NTA, respectively. The photocatalytic efficacy of these N–TiO2 samples is examined against toluene in a packed bed flow reactor. Under optimal conditions (e.g., relative humidity (RH) = 20% and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 1698 h−1), the superiority of NTA is evident over others with a quantum efficiency (QE) of 7.03 × 10−4 molecules photon−1, a space time yield (STY) of 1.38 × 10−4 molecules photon−1 mg−1, and a specific clean air delivery rate (SCADR) of 1148.8 L g−1 h−1. The analysis based on in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirms the formation of several intermediates such as benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and alkane species through ring opening reactions. In addition, the prepared NTA photocatalyst exhibits the highest toluene photocatalytic degradation efficiency among all TiO2-based catalysts surveyed to date. Overall, this study offers as a valuable guideline for the development of advanced TiO2 catalytic systems (such as N–TiO2) for the treatment of aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor air.

Effect of Nitrogen Doping on the Photocatalytic Properties and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Reduced TiO2 Nanoparticles.

Nanomaterial-mediated antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerges as a promising treatment against antibiotic-resistant bacterial biofilms. Specifically, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are being investigated as photosensitizers in aPDT to address biofilm related diseases. To enhance their photocatalytic performance in the visible spectral range for biomedical applications, various strategies have been adopted, including reduction of TiO2 NPs. However, despite improvements in visible-light photoactivity, reduced TiO2 NPs have yet to reach their expected performance primarily due to the instability of oxygen vacancies and their tendency to reoxidize easily. To address this, we present a two-step approach to fabricate highly visible-light active and stable TiO2 NP photocatalysts, involving nitrogen doping followed by a magnesium-assisted reductive annealing process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the synthesized reduced nitrogen-doped TiO2 NPs (H:Mg-N-TiO2 NPs) reveals that the presence of nitrogen stabilizes oxygen vacancies and reduced Ti species, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species under visible-light excitation. The improved aPDT efficiency translates to a 3-fold enhancement in the antibiofilm activity of nitrogen-doped compared to undoped reduced TiO2 NPs against both Gram-positive (Streptococcus mutans) and Gram-negative (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum) oral pathogens. These results underscore the potential of H:Mg-N-TiO2 NPs in aPDT for combating bacterial biofilms effectively.

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotubes obtained by anodizing for photodegradation of glycerol

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotubes obtained by anodizing for photodegradation of glycerol

Understanding the Resistive Switching Behaviors of Top Electrode (Au, Cu, and Al)-Dependent TiO2-Based Memristive Devices.

Memristor-based neuromorphic computing is promising toward their potential application of handling complex parallel tasks in the period of big data. To implement brain-inspired applications of spiking neural networks, new physical architecture designs are needed. Here, a serial memristive structure (SMS) consisting of memristive devices with different top electrodes is proposed. Top electrodes Au, Cu, and Al are selected for nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanorod array-based memristive devices. The typical I-V cycles, retention, on/off ratio, and variations of cycle to cycle of top electrode-dependent memristive devices have been studied. Devices with Cu and Al electrodes exhibit a retention of over 104 s. And the resistance states of the device with the Al top electrode are reliable. Furthermore, the conductive mechanism underlining the I-V curves is discussed in detail. The interface-type mechanism and block conductance mechanism are illustrated, which are related to electron migration and ion/anion migration, respectively. Finally, the SMS has been constructed using memristive devices with Al and Cu top electrodes, which can mimic the spiking pulse-dependent plasticity of a synapse and a neuron body. The SMS provides a new approach to implement a fundamental physical unit for neuromorphic computing.

Enhanced Light Absorption and Photo-Generated Charge Separation Efficiency for Boosting Photocatalytic H2 Evolution through TiO2 Quantum Dots with N-Doping and Concomitant Oxygen Vacancy.

Low-range light absorption and rapid recombination of photo-generated charge carriers have prevented the occurrence of effective and applicable photocatalysis for decades. Quantum dots (QDs) offer a solution due to their size-controlled photon properties and charge separation capabilities. Herein, well-dispersed interstitial nitrogen-doped TiO2 QDs with stable oxygen vacancies (N-TiO2-x-VO) are fabricated by using a low-temperature, annealing-assisted hydrothermal method. Remarkably, electrostatic repulsion prevented aggregation arising from negative charges accumulated in situ on the surface of N-TiO2-x-VO, enabling complete solar spectrum utilization (200-800 nm) with a 2.5 eV bandgap. Enhanced UV-vis photocatalytic H2 evolution rate (HER) reached2757µmol g-1 h-1, 41.6 times higher than commercial TiO2 (66µmol g-1 h-1). Strikingly, under visible light, HER rate was 189µmol g-1 h-1. Experimental and simulated studies of mechanisms reveal that VO can serve as an electron reservoir of photo-generated charge carriers on N-doped active sites, and consequently, enhance the separation rate of exciton pairs. Moreover, the negative free energy (-0.35 V) indicates more favorable thermodynamics for HER as compared with bulk TiO2 (0.66 V). This research work paves a new way of developing efficient photocatalytic strategies of HER that are applicable in the sustainable carbon-zero energy supply.

Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide for Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methane to Oxygenates.

Photocatalytic conversion of methane (CH4) to value-added chemicals using H2O as the oxidant under mild conditions is a desired sustainable pathway for synthesizing commodity chemicals. However, controlling product selectivity while maintaining high product yields is greatly challenging. Herein, we develop a highly efficient strategy, based on the precise control of the types of nitrogen dopants, and the design of photocatalysts, to achieve high selectivity and productivity of oxygenates via CH4 photocatalytic conversion. The primary product (methanol) is obtained in a high yield of 159.8 μmol·g-1·h-1 and 47.7% selectivity, and the selectivity of oxygenate compounds reached 92.5%. The unique hollow porous structure and substituted nitrogen sites of nitrogen-doped TiO2 synergistically promote its photo-oxidation performance. Furthermore, in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides direct evidence of the key intermediates and their evolution for producing methanol and multicarbon oxygenates. This study provides insights into the mechanism of photocatalytic CH4 conversion.

Study on the role of nano antibacterial materials in orthodontics (a review).

Nanoparticles (NPs) are insoluble particles with a diameter of fewer than 100 nanometers. Two main methods have been utilized in orthodontic therapy to avoid microbial adherence or enamel demineralization. Certain NPs are included in orthodontic adhesives or acrylic resins (fluorohydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, SiO2, TiO2, silver, nanofillers), and NPs (i.e., a thin layer of nitrogen-doped TiO2 on the bracket surfaces) are coated on the surfaces of orthodontic equipment. Although using NPs in orthodontics may open up modern facilities, prior research looked at antibacterial or physical characteristics for a limited period of time, ranging from one day to several weeks, and the limits of in vitro studies must be understood. The long-term effectiveness of nanotechnology-based orthodontic materials has not yet been conclusively confirmed and needs further study, as well as potential safety concerns (toxic effects) associated with NP size.

Bio-inspired synthesis of N-doped TiO2/C nanocrystals using jellyfish mucus with high visible-light photocatalytic efficiency.

Non-metal doping of titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely investigated, because it can facilely improve the optical response of TiO2 under visible light excitation in environmental pollution treatments. In the ongoing efforts, however, little consideration has been given to the use of harmful marine organisms as dopants. Here, we employed the natural mucus proteins of the large harmful jellyfish Aurelia coerulea and Nemopilema nomurai, which have frequently bloomed in East Asian marginal seas in recent decades, to synthesize mesoporous nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanocrystals modified with carbon (N-TiO2/C) by a simple hydrothermal method. These nanocrystals were composed of predominantly anatase phase and a small amount of brookite phase TiO2. Their mesoporous structures changed with the variation of the volume ratio of jellyfish mucus added to tetrabutyl titanate (TBT). At the same ratio, larger surface area and pore volume but smaller pore size were observed in N-TiO2/C nanocrystals from N. nomurai rather than A. coerulea. Nitrogen was determinately doped into the lattice of the prepared nanocrystals and the carbon species were modified on their surfaces, which narrowed the band gap, facilitated the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and favored the absorption of visible light, thus improving their visible light photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation first increased and then decreased with the gradual increase of the volume ratio of jellyfish mucus proteins to TBT. The maximum reached 97.52% in 20 min from N-TiO2/C nanocrystals synthesized using N. nomurai mucus at the volume ratio of 4 : 1, which showed a remarkably strong visible light absorption, lower band gap energy and smaller electron transfer resistance. These N-TiO2/C nanocrystals also had a relatively stable crystal structure in multiple degradation reactions. The main active species including superoxide radicals (˙O2 -), photogenerated holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) were found to play a major role in the degradation process of RhB. This study highlights the potential high-value reapplication of harmful jellyfish mucus as a natural organic matrix in fabricating advanced materials with optimized functional properties.

Exceptional piezocatalytic H2 production of nitrogen-doped TiO2@carbon nanosheets induced by engineered piezoelectricity

Piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution is a promising strategy to generate sustainable energy. In this report, nitrogen-doped (N-doped) TiO2@ carbon nanosheets (N-TiO2@C NSs) was successfully synthesized using C3N4 as a multifunctional template. During the synthesis, the two-dimensional (2D) architecture of C3N4 nanosheets directed the synthesis of TiO2 nanosheets. In addition, nitrogens of C3N4 were doped into the TiO2 lattice. Simultaneously, C3N4 was transformed into N-doped carbon nanosheets. N doping broke the crystal symmetry of TiO2, which endowed TiO2 with promising piezoelectric properties. The N-doped carbon nanosheets derived from C3N4 improved charge carrier separation efficiency and served as a flexible support to inhibit structural damage under sonication. Therefore, the N-TiO2@C NSs exhibited highly efficient activity for piezocatalytic H2 production (6.4 mmol·g−1·h−1) in the presence of methanol, much higher than those of the previously reported piezocatalysts. Our method is hoped to provide a new strategy for designing highly efficient piezocatalysts.

Fabrication of Ag3PO4/N-doped TiO2 nanotubes heterojunction photocatalysts for visible-light-driven photocatalysis

As an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technology, photocatalysis holds considerable potential for eliminating organic pollutants. In this study, novel visible-light-driven Ag3PO4-decorated nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotubes (Ag3PO4/N-TNTs) photocatalysts with advanced properties of heterostructures were successfully synthesized and used to degrade methylene blue (MB) dye. The fabrication of Ag3PO4/N-TNTs photocatalysts involved a two-step electrochemical anodization to obtain TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and the wet impregnation of the amorphous tubular structure in NH3 solution, followed by calcination in air to obtain crystallized nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotubes (N-TNTs). Finally, the decoration of the N-TNTs with Ag3PO4 nanoparticles was conducted to enhance visible-light reactivity. Various heterojunction photocatalysts were obtained by changing the concentration of NH3 (0.5–2.5 M) and the dosage of Ag3PO4 (0.25–1.5 wt%) in the composites. Results of ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption, photocurrent transient, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement revealed that Ag3PO4/N-TNTs possessed a significant response in the visible-light range and good photoelectronic properties. The superior photocatalytic activity of the Ag3PO4/N-TNTs catalyst was achieved under the optimal conditions of N-doping using 2-M NH3 and Ag3PO4 deposition at a dosage of 0.75 wt%. Based on the degradation efficiency (DE) of MB, the optimal Ag3PO4/N-TNTs exhibited rate constants of 4.5 and 2 times higher than those of the pristine TNTs and N-TNTs, respectively. The high stability of Ag3PO4/N-TNTs was confirmed through four cycles of reutilization, with a small decay of only 5.3% in the DE of MB dye for each run of photocatalysis. The scavenger tests of generated reactive oxygen species revealed that ·OH and ·O2− were the primary contributors to photocatalytic performance. The synthesized Ag3PO4/N-TNTs heterostructure photocatalysts were proven to possess efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers, high reactivity, and stability in the visible-light region.

Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide as a novel eco-friendly hole transport layer in lead-free CsSnI3 based perovskite solar cells

After an abrupt rise in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hole transport layer (HTL) as an essential factor for fabricating efficient PSC devices attract attentions. The pristine spiro-OMeTADspiro-OMeTAD, as most widely used HTL, still suffers from poor electrical conductivity, low hole mobility, and low oxidation rate. In this research, the spiro-OMeTAD is replaced by nitrogen doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) HTL. Then, the variation in the device design key parameters such as the thickness and bulk defect density of perovskite layer, simultaneous modifications of defect density and defect energy level, and acceptor doping concentration in absorber layer, and operating temperature are examined with their impact on the photovoltaic characteristic parameters. The standard lead-free CsSnI3–based PSCs with spiro-OMeTAD HTL is simulated using SCAPS-1D software. The CsSnI3-based solar cell with N-TiO2 as HTL showed higher efficiency of 27.03 % than the standard device with PCE of 23.63 % for conventional spiro-OMeTAD HTL.

Hydrogen production from pure and crude glycerol photoreforming using platinum supported on TiO2 and N-TiO2

Starting from a commercial TiO2, nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) was synthesized, characterized, platinized, and tested as a photocatalyst for the photoreforming of pure and crude glycerol under UV and visible light for H2 production. The incorporation of nitrogen into the TiO2 structure not only improves its visible light harvest capacity but also increases the catalytic performance, with higher H2 production with respect to platinized bare TiO2.

Facile synthesis of N-doped TiO2 nanosheets with exposed (001) facets for enhancing photocatalytic activity

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 with exposed (001) facets was prepared by hydrothermal method using TiN as precursor. The effect of the proportion of HF and HCl on the crystal structure, morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic activity were investigated. The photocatalytic performance of N-doped TiO2 nanosheets was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under xenon lamp light source. The results showed that TiO2 demonstrated nanorod structure with a single rutile phase in the absence of HF while anatase TiO2 exhibited nanosheet structure with exposed (001) facets in the presence of HF. With the increase of HF addition, the degradation rate of the N-doped TiO2 decreased gradually. When the addition of HF was 1 mL, TiO2 showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which was mainly attributed to the large specific surface area and optimal percentage of exposed (001) facets.

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon TiO2 produced by thermolysis of MIL-125-NH2 under an inert atmosphere for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity

Metal-organic frameworks have gained significant attention as precursors for the synthesis of functional materials with tailored properties. In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped porous carbon TiO2 (N-C/TiO2) by thermolysis of MIL-125-NH2. The effect of calcination temperature (ranging from 300 to 900°C) and atmospheric conditions on the phase transition, elemental composition and morphological structure is thoroughly investigated. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, we identified the formation of the rutile phase in the N-C/TiO2 nanoporous structure, which leads to the creation of oxygen vacancies and metal defects. Interestingly, the orthorhombic shape of MIL-125-NH2 is retained in the final N-C/TiO2 product, indicating the robustness of the conversion process. The UV-Vis diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis demonstrated that the phase transition results in a narrowed band gap energy and reduced recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized N-C/TiO2 is evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation. Our results revealed that superoxide radicals are the primary species responsible for the photocatalytic reaction. Furthermore, the N-C/TiO2 photocatalyst exhibits excellent stability and recyclability for five consecutive photocatalytic cycles. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of N-C/TiO2 material derived from MIL-125-NH2, emphasizing the significance of calcination temperature and atmospheric conditions. The developed N-C/TiO2 poses great potential for various environmental and energy applications where enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity is desired.