Nitrogen-doped TiO2 Research Articles

Calculation of Core-Excited and Core-Ionized States Using Variational Quantum Deflation Method and Applications to Photocatalyst Modeling.

The possibility of performing quantum-chemical calculations using quantum computers has attracted much interest. Variational quantum deflation (VQD) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm for the calculation of excited states with noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Although the validity of this method has been demonstrated, there have been few practical applications, primarily because of the uncertain effect of calculation conditions on the results. In the present study, calculations of the core-excited and core-ionized states for common molecules based on the VQD method were examined using a classical computer, focusing on the effects of the weighting coefficients applied in the penalty terms of the cost function. Adopting a simplified procedure for estimating the weighting coefficients based on molecular orbital levels allowed these core-level states to be successfully calculated. The O 1s core-ionized state for a water molecule was calculated with various weighting coefficients, and the resulting ansatz states were systematically examined. The application of this technique to functional materials was demonstrated by calculating the core-level states for titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nitrogen-doped TiO2 models. The results demonstrate that VQD calculations employing an appropriate cost function can be applied to the analysis of functional materials in conjunction with an experimental approach.

Combined Analytical Study on Chemical Transformations and Detoxification of Model Phenolic Pollutants during Various Advanced Oxidation Treatment Processes.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been introduced to deal with different types of water pollution. They cause effective chemical destruction of pollutants, yet leading to a mixture of transformation by-products, rather than complete mineralization. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand complex degradation processes induced by different AOPs from chemical and ecotoxicological point of view. Phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol were used as model pollutants since they are still common industrial chemicals and thus encountered in the aquatic environment. A comprehensive study of efficiency of several AOPs was undertaken by using instrumental analyses along with ecotoxicological assessment. Four approaches were compared: ozonation, photocatalytic oxidation with immobilized nitrogen-doped TiO2 thin films, the sequence of both, as well as electrooxidation on boron-doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes. The monitored parameters were: removal of target phenols, dechlorination, transformation products, and ecotoxicological impact. Therefore, HPLC–DAD, GC–MS, UHPLC–MS/MS, ion chromatography, and 48 h inhibition tests on Daphnia magna were applied. In addition, pH and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured. Results show that ozonation provides by far the most suitable pattern of degradation accompanied by rapid detoxification. In contrast, photocatalysis was found to be slow and mild, marked by the accumulation of aromatic products. Preozonation reinforces the photocatalytic process. Regarding the electrooxidations, BDD is more effective than MMO, while the degradation pattern and transformation products formed depend on supporting electrolyte.

Facile Fabrication of the Glass Substrate Coated Nitrogen-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Spheres/Polytetrafluoroethylene Based on Hydrophobic-Photocalatytic Self-Cleaning Properties

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been prepared by optimization of nitrogen and polytetrafluoroethylene. N-TiO2 has been modified by optimizing doping concentration in two-step process synthesis via solvothermal treatment, by mixing TiO2 and variation ammonium carbonate as a nitrogen source at 0.5 M, 1.0 M, 1.5 M. Synthesized materials denoted as N-TiO2, were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared ( FTIR), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), and spectrophotometer UV Vis. Based on the XRD pattern, a shift diffraction pattern was assigned to [101] that indicated the nitrogen successfully doped. The functional group identified by FTIR shown an O-Ti-N bond seems to influence the energy gap of TiO2. The presence of nitrogen as an impurity in semiconductor TiO2 was decreased the amount of bandgap energy from 3.10 eV to 2.95 eV. Synthesized N-TiO2 is a nanosphere morphology. Glass substrate containing N-TiO2/PTFE has excellent self-cleaning in a ratio N-TiO2/PTFE (1:3) and based on optical properties, show that each coating on the glass substrate has high transmittance for composition N-TiO2/PTFE (1:3) > 90%. The contact angle before and after oleic acid contaminant under visible light are 97.68 and 94.16º, respectively. The discoloration of methylene blue (MB) coated on the glass performed under visible light shown 60.32% degradation.

Architecting of an aptasensor for the staphylococcus aureus analysis by modification of the screen-printed carbon electrode with aptamer/Ag–Cs-Gr QDs/NTiO2

Given the many issues bacterial infections cause to humans and the necessity for their detection, in this work we developed a robust aptasensor for prompt, ultrasensitive, and selective analysis of staphylococcus aureus bacterium (S. aureus). A nanocomposite of Ag nanoparticles, chitosan, graphene quantum dots, and nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag–Cs-Gr QDs/NTiO2) was synthesized, and thoroughly characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and FE-SEM spectroscopic methods. The surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with Ag–Cs-Gr QDs/NTiO2 nanocomposite was utilized as a compatible platform for aptamer attachment. The aptasensor accurately determined S. aureus in the dynamic range of 10–5 × 108 CFU/mL with detection limit of 3.3 CFU/mL. The monitoring of the practical performance of aptasensor in human serum samples revealed its superiority over the conventional methods (relative recovery of 96.25–103.33%). The Ag–Cs-Gr QDs/NTiO2-based aptasensor offers facile, biocompatibility, good repeatability, reproducibility (RSD = 3.66%), label free and stabile strategy for sensitive S. aureus analysis free from biomolecules interferences in actual specimens.

Effective Exciton Life Elongation Through Decoration of Graphene Quantum Dots on Nitrogen Doped TiO <sub>2</sub> with Superior Dye Decolorization Under Visible Light

Effective Exciton Life Elongation Through Decoration of Graphene Quantum Dots on Nitrogen Doped TiO <sub>2</sub> with Superior Dye Decolorization Under Visible Light

N-doped TiO2 nanotubes catalyzed solvent-free domino strategy for the synthesis of α-keto triazoles

The present work describes the catalytic activity of nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotubes (NTNTs) for solvent-free domino synthesis of a series of α-ketotriazoles from methyl ketones, N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA) and tosyl azide. The reaction proceeds through the in situ enaminone formation from methyl ketones and DMF-DMA followed by reaction with tosyl azide via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. To our delight, NTNTs exhibited high catalytic activity towards the solvent-free synthesis of α-ketotriazoles from methyl ketones, DMF-DMA and tosyl azide as compared to both commercially available TiO2 and TNTs. The present domino strategy has several advantages which include its large substrate scope, low NTNT-2 loading, shorter reaction times and high yields. Further, the obtained α-ketotriazoles does not require column purification and NTNT-2 is used again for 7 cycles without significant loss of activity.

The Influence of pH on the Nitrogen-doped TiO2 Structure and Its Photocatalytic Activity on Methylene Blue Degradation

The mesoporous nitrogen-doped titania (N-doped TiO2) has been synthesized through sol-gel method by refluxing the precursor mixture, continued by hydrolysis process, and then followed by annealing in air at the desired temperature. The pH of precursor mixture solution before hydrolysis process has been varied to study their influence on the resulting N-doped TiO2. The resulting material were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), N2 Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and UV Vis Spectrophotometer. The XRD analysis result showed that the pH and water content played an important role on the crystal formation of the N-doped TiO­2. The result showed that a high acidity condition resulted in a favored tendency of anatase crystalline phase, while lowering acidity leaded to the rutile formation. Porosity analysis showed the significant influence of pH in the synthesis process on the pore characteristic and pore size distribution of the resulting material. The photocatalytic activity was tested on the methylene blue degradation system comparing to pure TiO2 and commercial Degussa P25 and the result showed that the synthesized N-doped TiO2 provided better photocatalytic activities.

Gas-Phase Nitrogen Doping of Monolithic TiO2 Nanoparticle-Based Aerogels for Efficient Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic H2 Production.

The development of visible light-active photocatalysts is essential for increasing the conversion efficiency of solar energy into hydrogen (H2). Here, we present a facile method for nitrogen doping of monolithic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle-based aerogels to activate them for visible light. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low temperature enables efficient incorporation of nitrogen into preformed TiO2 aerogels without compromising their advantageous intrinsic characteristics such as large surface area, extensive porosity, and nanoscale properties of the semiconducting building blocks. By balancing the dopant concentration and the defects, the nitridation improves optical absorption and charge separation efficiency. The nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticle-based aerogels loaded with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles show a significant enhancement in visible light-driven photocatalytic H2 production (3.1 mmol h-1 g-1) with excellent stability over 5 days. With this method, we introduce a powerful tool to tune the properties of nanoparticle-based aerogels after synthesis for a specific application, as exemplified by visible light-driven H2 production.

New insights into the efficient charge transfer of the modified-TiO2/Ag3PO4 composite for enhanced photocatalytic destruction of algal cells under visible light

A novel p-n heterojunction between Ag3PO4 and nitrogen-doped black TiO2 (b-N-TiO2) was successfully synthesized via the calcination and precipitation method. The incorporated nitrogen and produced oxygen vacancies in b-N-TiO2 narrowed the bandgap and shifted the band position of TiO2, which promoted p-n heterojunction formation and subsequently facilitated the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes in the composite b-N-TiO2/Ag3PO4. The b-N-TiO2/Ag3PO4 exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for chlorophyll-a degradation in Microcystis aeruginosa cells, which was 2.73, 7.72, and 6.04 times higher than that of the pure Ag3PO4, b-N-TiO2, and P25/Ag3PO4, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism exploration indicated the transfer pathways of photo-produced electrons and holes to generate the dominant superoxide anion radicals (•O2-) in photocatalytic processes. The charge transfer increased the photocatalytic stability of the composite b-N-TiO2/Ag3PO4 compared with pure Ag3PO4 and P25/Ag3PO4. This research provides a new perspective into the roles of defects to form heterojunctions in photocatalytic composites.

Predicting kinetics of water-rich permeate flux through photocatalytic mesh under visible light illumination

Membrane-based separation technologies are attractive to remediating unconventional water sources, including brackish, industrial, and municipal wastewater, due to their versatility and relatively high energy efficiency. However, membrane fouling by dissolved or suspended organic substances remains a primary challenge which can result in an irreversible decline of the permeate flux. To overcome this, membranes have been incorporated with photocatalytic materials that can degrade these organic substances deposited on the surface upon light illumination. While such photocatalytic membranes have demonstrated that they can recover their inherent permeability, less information is known about the effect of photocatalysis on the kinetics of the permeate flux. In this work, a photocatalytic mesh that can selectively permeate water while repelling oil was fabricated by coating a mixture of nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) and perfluorosilane-grafted SiO2 (F-SiO2) nanoparticles on a stainless steel mesh. Utilizing the photocatalytic mesh, the time-dependent evolution of the water-rich permeate flux as a result of photocatalytic degradation of the oil was studied under the visible light illumination. A mathematical model was developed that can relate the photocatalytic degradation of the organic substances deposited on a mesh surface to the evolution of the permeate flux. This model was established by integrating the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics for photocatalysis and the Cassie–Baxter wettability analysis on a chemically heterogeneous mesh surface into a permeate flux relation. Consequently, the time-dependent water-rich permeate flux values are compared with those predicted by using the model. It is found that the model can predict the evolution of the water-rich permeate flux with a goodness of fit of 0.92.

Performance of TiO2, Cu-TiO2, and N-TiO2 nanoparticles sensitization with natural dyes for dye sensitized solar cells

In this work, the eucalyptus and teak leave extracts are used as natural dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The TiO2, copper doped -TiO2 (Cu-TiO2), and nitrogen doped-TiO2 (N-TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by using the sol–gel method. The structural, morphological and elemental properties of the prepared samples were tested by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD revealed the anatase-TiO2 phase and calculated crystallite sizes are 10, 11.23, and 13.97 nm, correspondingly. SEM micrograph shows the spherical shaped nanoparticles with less agglomeration and primary elements (Ti, O, Cu, N) confirmed by EDS spectra. Further, the nanoparticles used as a photoanode in DSSC device with natural dyes and studied their performance.

One-Pot Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 with Supported Copper Nanocrystalline for Photocatalytic Environment Purification under Household White LED Lamp.

Developing efficient and cheap photocatalysts that are sensitive to indoor light is promising for the practical application of photocatalysis technology. Here, N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst with loaded Cu crystalline cocatalyst is synthesized by a simple one-pot method. The structure is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, which exhibit that Cu metal nanocrystalline is uniformly deposited on the surface of N-doped TiO2 material. UV-Vis absorption spectra illustrate that the modified samples possess favorable visible light absorption properties and suppressed-electron hole separation. The as-fabricated Cu-loaded N-TiO2 materials show high activity in photocatalytic decomposing isopropanol and inactivating E. coli under the irradiation of a household white LED lamp. The developed synthetic strategy and photocatalytic materials reported here are promising for indoor environment purification.

Acesulfame K Photodegradation over Nitrogen-Doped TiO2

Acesulfame K is a zero-calorie alternative to sugar used worldwide. There is contradictory information on the toxicity of the compound, but its accumulation in the aquatic environment is undeniable. In this study, one-pot sol-gel synthesis was used to obtain nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts. Doping up to 6.29 wt % of nitrogen caused an increase in the surface area of the catalysts (48.55–58.23 m2∙g−1) and a reduction of the pHPZC value (5.72–5.05). Acesulfame K photodegradation was tested at the initial concentration of 20–100 ppm and the catalyst concentration at the level of 1 g∙L−1. Compared to the pure anatase, 4.83–6.29 wt % nitrogen-doped TiO2 showed an effective photodegradation of Acesulfame K. Ninety percent molecule removal was obtained after ~100 min, ~90 min, and ~80 min for initial concentrations of 20 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm, respectively. The increased activity of the catalysts is due to the modification of the TiO2 lattice structure and probably the limitation of the photogenerated electron/hole charge carrier recombination. It was shown that the electrostatic interactions between Acesulfame K and the catalyst surface play an important role in the photodegradation efficiency.

A simple and efficient ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical approach for scalable production of nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanocrystals

In this study, we report a facile and effective approach for large-scale production of nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanocrystals (UNTs) by a combination of ultrasonic irradiation and electrochemistry at room temperature using NH4NO3 electrolyte as the nitrogen source. The as-prepared UNTs were then characterized by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results indicated that the nitrogen content of UNTs reached 9.3% and bandgap energy of 2.62 eV, thus gave the high photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The mechanism for the formation of UNTs by ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical approach was also proposed.

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube anode enabling improvement of electronic conductivity for fast and long-term sodium storage

Titanium oxide has recently drawn much attention as anode material for sodium ion batteries. Nevertheless, its application is highly restricted by poor electronic conductivity and sluggish Na+ reaction kinetics. Herein, we report nitrogen(N)-doped-TiO2 nanotubes (N-TiO2-NTs) through a facile and cost-effective anodization process and annealing at NH3/Ar flow. XPS analysis investigates that the ratio of doped N element is 2.1 at% mainly in interstitial sites, which can effectively improve intrinsic electronic conductivity and enhance Na+ diffusivity of the TiO2 bulk. Due to the hetero-N doping and high specific area of nanotube structure, the kinetic activity of N-TiO2-NTs is observably enhanced. Therefore, the anode delivers high capacitive-controlled behaviors up to 80.3% and 86% of whole capacities at scanning rates of 0.6 and 1 mV s−1. The N-TiO2-NTs anode exhibits good and stable capacity (216.1 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C after 300 cycles) and high rate performance (114 mA h g−1 at 20 C). Moreover, the long-term cycling test after 5000 cycles obtains nearly 100% capacity retention at an ultrahigh current density of 10 C. Thus, we offer a facile strategy to develop N-TiO2-NTs as a hopeful product for the anode materials in sodium ion batteries.

Superhydrophobic and photocatalytic self-cleaning cotton fabric using flower-like N-doped TiO2/PDMS coating

Self-cleaning fabrics can be developed based on introducing two mechanisms of superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic activity to conventional fabrics. However, there are some downsides such as inefficiency of superhydrophobic coatings against oily contaminants and low effectiveness of photocatalytic surface treatments under visible light which have restricted the widespread applications of these functional products. This research presents the development of self-cleaning cotton fabric with dual functionalities of superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic activity using microhierarchial TiO2-based particles. It is aimed to fabricate fluorine-free durable superhydrophobic coatings with simultaneous photocatalytic self-cleaning under simulated sunlight. Fluorine-free coating formulations composed of flower-like particles, either TiO2 or nitrogen-doped TiO2, and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) polymer were applied to cotton fabrics using a facile dip-coating method. The self-cleaning performance of fabrics was assessed based on their superhydrophobicity and effective removal of oil-based stains under simulated sunlight. Additionally, the impact of nitrogen doping on enhancing the photocatalytic activity of flower-like TiO2 particles was investigated. The obtained results demonstrated that the presence of both PDMS and hierarchical particles generated excellent superhydrophobicity on the cotton fabric with a water contact angle of 156.7° ± 1.9°. In addition, the coated fabric exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic activity, decomposing absorbed stains after 30 min of irradiation. Nitrogen doping process significantly boosted the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 particles in degrading food stains and Rhodamine B dye solution. The developed fabrics showed high robustness against chemical and physical durability tests.

Photocatalytic Rejuvenation Enabled Self-Sanitizing, Reusable, and Biodegradable Masks against COVID-19.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been highly recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for self-protection during the disastrous SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nevertheless, massive utilization of PPE encounters significant challenges in recycling and sterilizing the used masks. To tackle the associated plastic pollution of used masks, in this work, we designed a reusable, biodegradable, and antibacterial mask. The mask was fabricated by the electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), followed by esterification and the deposition of a nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) and TiO2 mixture. The fabricated mask containing photocatalytic N-TiO2/TiO2 reached 100% bacteria disinfection under either 0.1 sun simulation (200–2500 nm, 106 W m–2) or natural sunlight for only 10 min. Thus, the used mask can be rejuvenated through light irradiation and reused, which represents one of the handiest technologies for handling used masks. Furthermore, intermolecular interactions between PVA, PEO, and CNF enhanced the electrospinnability and mechanical performance of the resultant mask, which possesses a 10-fold elastic modulus and 2-fold tensile strength higher than a commercial single-use mask. The porous structures of electrospun nanofibers along with strong electrostatic attraction enabled breathability (83.4 L min–1 of air flow rate) and superior particle filterability (98.7%). The prepared mask also had excellent cycling performance, wearability, and stable filtration efficiency even after 120 min wearing. Therefore, this mask could be a great alternative to current masks to address the urgent need for a sustainable, reusable, environmentally friendly, and efficient PPE under the ongoing COVID-19 contagion.

Switching the electrical characteristics of TiO2 from n-type to p-type by ion implantation

For many applications, as for example tandem dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the development of transparent p-type semiconductor with good charge transport properties is crucial. In this work, a nitrogen-doped TiO2 material is transformed by ion implantation into an efficient hole transport layer that could reduce the electron-hole recombination processes in the devices. Theoretical calculations allowed to demonstrate that the position of nitrogen species as well as their respective ratio impact the optical and electrical properties of N-doped TiO2 materials. The chemical composition was therefore tuned by the ion implantation parameters, achieving a high transparency in the UV–visible region while generating delocalized states near the top of the valence band that do not act as traps. In terms of electrical properties, beyond the possibility to tune the electrical behavior of TiO2 from n-type to p-type upon nitrogen doping, we succeed to increase the conductivity by a higher electron mobility without change in their density, which is of prime interest for charge transport application.

A novel photoelectrochemical system to disrupt microalgae for maximizing lipid-extraction efficiency

Microalgae biodiesel is a candidate to provide renewable, C-neutral energy. However, microalgal cells possess strong cell walls and cell membranes with high selective permeability, both of which hinder the extraction of lipids from the microalgae. Optimizing lipid extraction involves disrupting the microalgae’s cell wall and membrane. The hydroxyl free radical (•OH) can attack the cell wall and cell membrane in the microalgae, making the microalgae more susceptible to lipid extraction. Introduced here is a PhotoElectroChemical (PEC) with TiO2-based photoanode utilized UV–Vis light to produce •OH at a phosphate-palladium cathode. Until now, PEC has not been utilized to disrupt microalgal cells to improve the extraction of microalgae lipids. Here, a novel PEC system -- comprised of two nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube photoanodes, a bipolar membrane, and a phosphorus-palladium cathode -- was demonstrated to disrupt microalgal biomass to improve lipid extraction. PEC utilizes ultraviolet and visible light as the only input energy for the effective disruption of the microalgal cell. Pretreatment of Chlorella using the PEC system resulted in 96% oil-extraction efficiency which was approximately 10 times higher than that achieved without the pretreatment and an increases in desirable C16:0. Also explored were the mechanisms underlying •OH generation and microalgae disruption. PEC promises to be an eco-friendly and low-energy technology that can promote the development of microalgae industries.

Inactivation of pathogens by visible light photocatalysis with nitrogen-doped TiO2 and tourmaline-nitrogen co-doped TiO2

• Effective photo-inactivation of bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi were achieved. • Tourmaline acts as an efficient co-catalyst improved N-TiO 2 for photo-inactivation. • Key variables affecting S. aureus photo-inactivation were systemically evaluated. • Inactivation kinetics of S. aureus are well described by LMH model. • Hydroxyl radicals are the major radicals govern the photo-inactivation processes. Four types of pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus , gram-positive bacteria), Escherichia coli ( E. coli , gram-negative bacteria), Mycobacterium avium ( M. avium, mycobacteria), and Candida albicans ( C. albicans , fungi), are common microorganisms that cause serious human health issues. However, searching for an efficient material for inactivating pathogens via visible light driven photocatalysts remains a challenge. An attempt was made to compare the photocatalytic performance using nano-sized nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (N-TiO 2 ) and tourmaline-nitrogen-co-doped titanium oxide (T-N-TiO 2 ) for inactivation of pathogens under visible light irradiation. S. aureus was used to compare the photocatalytic inactivation performance of N-TiO 2 and T-N-TiO 2 . The findings showed that photocatalyst dosage, initial microbial concentration, and visible light intensity are the key factors affecting photocatalytic inactivation process for both photocatalysts. A 2-log-inactivation of S. aureus under 7.25 mW/cm 2 visible light irradiation via T-N-TiO 2 was achieved within 3 h, which is shorter than the inactivation via N-TiO 2 (4 h). TEM observations had proved that both visible-light-induced photocatalysis could cause severe damage to the cell membrane. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance also indicated that more hydroxyl radicals generated in the T-N-TiO 2 photo-inactivation system allowed a better inactivation performance of the visible-light-induced T-N-TiO 2 . This is the first work exploring that Light-responsive Modified Hom’s model (LHM) is able to simulate photocatalytic inactivation of S. aureus . T-N-TiO 2 composite was firstly evaluated for its efficacy of photocatalytic inaction of S. aureus , E. coli, and M. avium , and an increasing order of time was required for complete inactivation as follows: S. aureus < E. coli < M. avium < C. albicans. We have found that the inactivation efficiency of tested pathogens using T-N-TiO 2 is the highest as compared with literature works. Overall, T-N-TiO 2 exhibits a better inactivation efficiency than that of N-TiO 2 in all the tested pathogens.