Newspaper Materials Research Articles

Money laundering and the automobile industry: a comparative study between the laws of Mauritius and UK

Purpose Motor vehicles play a vital role in the economic and social growth of any country. However, they have recently become instruments and a source of illegally obtained financial gains for criminal bodies and individuals. This study aims to assess the laws of Mauritius on AML procedures to prevent money laundering through vehicles transactions. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the research objective, the black letter research method was used by analysing laws, regulations and case laws on the subject matter. A desk-based and doctrinal approach was also used by examining policy papers, scholarly articles and newspaper materials on the researched topic. Additionally, the research adopted a comparative analysis by assessing how the laws of another country address the issue of money laundering through vehicle transaction and the selected country is the UK. Findings The research concluded that Mauritius AML laws are lagging behind of the UK laws and accordingly, some measures were suggested to deal with the issue of money laundering through vehicles transactions. Accordingly, this research recommended that motor vehicle dealers who are high value dealers engaged in cash transactions above certain threshold, must also be categorised as reporting persons under the FIAMLA such that the prescribed AML measures apply to them. Additionally, it is convenient for the FCC to be embodied with some additional punitive and corrective powers to assist the Commission in its fight for the prevention and elimination of financial crimes in Mauritius. Originality/value At present, this study will be among the first academic writings on the intersection between money laundering and the automobile industry and on the effectiveness of the legal and regulatory measures undertaken by the Mauritian authorities to prevent money laundering through vehicles transactions. The study is carried out with the aim of combining a large amount of empirical, theoretical and factual information that can be of use to various stakeholders and not only to academics.

Women’s struggle and media reform: The Swedish Women’s Associations’ Radio Committee, 1933–1940

Abstract This article contributes to a social history of Swedish broadcasting through an analysis of a movement for media reform: the Swedish Women’s Associations’ Radio Committee, formed in 1933 and operating until 1940. The committee was a joint effort by many established women’s organisations in Sweden, formed with the goal of strengthening the role of women in the developing public service radio, and especially providing a platform for women to raise demands on influence in the decision-making around the development of this new media form. In this article, I analyse the Swedish Women’s Associations’ Radio Committee and their work in the 1930s and ask what they did, how they did it, and with what effects? In what ways can their work be understood as a movement for media reform? The analysis builds on archival material documenting the Swedish Women’s Associations’ Radio Committee, as well as secondary sources such as memoirs and newspaper materials.

PHRASEOLOGISMS WITH THE "BREAD" COMPONENT AS MARKERS OF UKRAINIAN LINGUOMENTALITY (FEATURES OF USAGE IN MASS MEDIA TEXTS)

The article deals with phraseological units with the "bread" component, which are actively used in the texts of mass media messages. The semantic groups of such idioms are analyzed, as well as their inherent property of actualizing the idea of the food culture of Ukrainians, their worldview, mentality, etc. The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the features of media phraseological units (PHUs), namely those containing the "bread" component, which required the completion of tasks: to single out the phraseological array in media texts for the period of 2021-2024, where special attention was focused on phrasemes with gustatives; to identify PHUs that have a "bread" component in their structure and to find out the semantic content of such units in the media space. The object of the study was headlines and texts with phraseology in Ukrainian electronic editions of national and regional media, the subject was the peculiarities of the implementation of such units in the mass media. To achieve the goal, the work used a descriptive method, elements of component analysis (using which the semantic structure of the meaning of phraseological units was established); a quantitative method that made it possible to compare and generalize the obtained results. The work examines the verbal expression of the "bread" component as a linguistic marker through the development of dictionaries of phraseological units. A semantic analysis of phraseological units is presented, the most used in speech are identified, which reveal character traits, behavior, moral qualities, traditions and customs of Ukrainians, illustrate various life and everyday situations through food culture, and present a linguistic picture of the world. The significant cultural and national potential of such phraseological units is also emphasized. The peculiarities of the implementation and functioning of phraseological units with the "bread" component in the headlines and texts of Ukrainian electronic media are clarified, where they maximally reveal their influential power, which consists in the ability to attract the attention of the reader, evoke emotions, be remembered, as well as in the property of comprehensive display the current meaning of the message. As a result of the research, it was found that the most frequent phrases in newspaper materials are the phraseological units with the "bread" component to indicate the positive qualities of Ukrainians, in particular hard work, hospitality, good-naturedness and generosity, and PHUs were also frequent, reflecting the struggle for justice and the hard efforts of Ukrainians to survive in the conditions war.

The Last Years of the Steamship “Krasnaya Zvezda”: on Newspaper Materials

The Last Years of the Steamship “Krasnaya Zvezda”: on Newspaper Materials

Words with the Prefix De- in the Ukrainian Online Media: Structure, Semantics, Tonality

The article is devoted to the analysis of the words with the prefix de- used in the language of mass media before the war (basing on the materials of Den newspaper published in September 2021) and during the war (on the example of Den newspaper materials published in October-November 2022 and some other online media). The research provides structural and semantic, etymological, statistical analysis and studies the tone expressed by the examined lexemes found in the texts. The prefix de- originates from Latin and means negation in the new-formed words. In the 51 materials of Den newspaper devoted to the economic and political events of the pre-war period (September 2021), 6 words with prefix de- were found. During the war, 19 units, including 4 units which were often repeated at the beginning of the persiod, were found in the analyzed resources. These lexemes are divided into three semantic groups, namely 1) downward movement, decline; 2) reduction, cancellation; 3) elimination, liquidation. It is marked that since the Russian invasion to Ukrainian, journalists have started to actively use the words directly related with the war: demilitarization, demobilization, demoralization, denazification, denationalization, deoccupation, desatanization, destabilization. The lexemes demilitarization, denazification, denationalization, desatanization express irony in the materials of Ukrainian journalists because these words are used by the aggressor to justify goals of the military invasion to Ukraine. In the majority of words, the prefix de- is used to make a word negative, but if a word is initially of negative meaning, the new-formed word with the prefix de- gets positive semantics. Most lexemes with the prefix de- attribute the text with a positive tone. Nevertheless, there are sentences with a negative, a neutral and an ironic tone. According to the etymology, almost all words with prefix de- are of foreign origin. According to the way of formation, the words with the prefix de- are divided into 1) those formed from nouns by adding the prefix; 2) those formed from verbs by adding the suffix. It is confirmed that lexemes like detoxification, de-shadowing, decommunization, destabilization, deregulation, demonopolization are not found in the Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in eleven volumes, but are recorded in the Dictionary in twenty volumes. It means that these words have been first used in the 21st century. The lexemes de-Stalinization, desatanization, de-russification, depigmentation, deoccupation, debureaucratization are not found among the words registered in these explanatory dictionaries.

The reaction of London newspapers to the proclamation of the Monroe doctrine

The presented article analyzes the reaction of the British press to the proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine by the American president in 1823. The reaction of leading London periodicals such as The Examiner, The Monthly Magazine, The London Magazine and The Morning Post is considered. The author describes in detail the diversity of opinions: from support for Republican ideals and their contrast with the monarchical aspects of the policy of the Holy Alliance to expressing concerns about the negative impact of the doctrine on Britain's trade and economic interests in Latin America. The author concludes that the London newspapers have a balanced, albeit emotional assessment of the influence of the Monroe Doctrine on international relations and the specific interests of Great Britain. The article focuses on the period of the 1820s and the British reaction to American foreign policy activity, neglecting to consider the British position in the context of the War of Independence of the Spanish colonies of 1808-1819. In the study of newspaper materials by domestic and foreign scientists, general philosophical (deduction and induction, systematic approach, synergetic approach, etc.), general scientific (observation, comparative method, etc.) and private scientific methods specific to a particular field of knowledge. The Monroe Doctrine provides a rare example of a 200-year-old speech that remains the subject of regular references when discussing the current international political agenda to this day. The article examines the reaction to the Monroe Doctrine, which is one of the fundamental documents of American public policy, which became one of the first steps for the formation of American strategic culture in its current state. The relevance of the article is based on the need for a comprehensive study of the reports of the leading London press to identify their impact on international relations and the specific interests of the United Kingdom. Despite the fact that the Monroe Doctrine has been around for two hundred years, it does not lose its relevance in relation to Latin American states with the United States, and, more importantly, in relation to the United States, with other actors in world politics.

The Influence of News Agencies on Print and Online Publications/Newspapers

The purpose of the study is to analyse the dynamics of the influence of news agencies on the content of print and online publications within the media environment of Kazakhstan. The following methods were used: hypothetical and deductive, content analysis, and comparative. The results of the study have determined that rapid and intensive changes have been taking place in the Kazakh mass media and communications market in recent years, which are especially evident in the market of printed and online publications. It was found that news agencies, which are the standard of reliable data, are the main sources for newspaper materials. However, they still have the greatest influence on state publications, unlike private regional ones, which use publications of large-scale services more often. Content analysis of publications has determined that the number of citations by newspaper publications directly depends on the scale of events. The dynamics of news data from 2020 to 2023 highlighted that the number of mentions of the news agency in online and print publications is decreasing over time. In turn, all subjects of the media environment of Kazakhstan are reorienting themselves to the audience, actively using various platforms, social media, and digital opportunities.

The socio-economic policy of the Breuning government (March 29, 1930 - May 30, 1932) in the coverage of the Soviet newspaper Pravda

The article examines the socio-economic policy in the Weimar Republic under Chancellor Heinrich Breuning from 1930 to 1932 through the prism of the Soviet newspaper Pravda, which is the main source of expression of the official position of the Soviet Union on the issue of international relations. In addition to evaluating the Chancellor's activities and the events taking place in Germany, the newspaper's materials highlight the specifics of the development of the German communist movement during this period. The authors also highlight events related to the development of the National Socialist movement in Germany during the period under review in the context of the strengthening of the political influence of the National Socialist Party of Germany and the development of government interaction with its leaders. It is concluded that the newspaper Pravda in its publications about the events in Germany during this period focused on the proletarian struggle and did not differ in an analytical approach.The following research methods were used: analysis of special sources and materials, including archival ones; method of classification and systematization; content analysis of materials of the newspaper Pravda. The main conclusion of the study is that the ambiguous and contradictory policies of the Breuning cabinet led to a new political crisis in the country. Instability and the lack of socio-economic and political prospects led to an increasing polarization of German society and its inclination towards the right-wing radical party of the National Socialists.In addition, the publications of Pravda, reflecting the events in Germany during this period, were more tendentious in the nature of the proletarian struggle and did not differ in analytics.

Syrians in Turkey and their naturalization as Turkish citizens: A computational text analysis of newspaper data

Following the civil war in Syria in 2011, migration from Syria in massive numbers has caused various political, demographic, societal, and cultural challenges in Turkey. The focus of this research is on how the issue of naturalization of Syrians as Turkish citizens has been presented in Turkish newspapers and to what extent the dominant perspective on the issue has shifted over time. For our computational textual analysis of Turkish newspaper materials published between 2012 and 2019, we compiled a corpus consisting of 15,276 news items from four newspapers featuring the co-occurrence of the words “Syria*” (Suriye*) and “citizen*” (vatandaş*) in the main body of their text. The newspapers include mainstream and pro-government (Milliyet with liberal tendencies, Sabah with center-right tendencies), and left-wing (Sol, Evrensel) perspectives. A two-step textual analysis was conducted on the corpus. First, dictionary-based topic modeling was used to chart which broader topics Turkish citizenship of Syrians is predominantly linked to the data, and how the predominance of topics shifted over time. Second, a collocation analysis of the word “refugee” (mülteci) yields a more fine-grained picture of the specific words and expressions that tend to appear often when Syrian refugees are discussed. In both steps, an aggregated general analysis was complemented with separate newspaper-specific analyses, thus allowing for the comparison of different newspapers. Findings show that Syrians in Turkey predominantly feature in the context of diplomatic and societal topics. While mainstream news sources approach the issue less critically, left-wing newspapers show more sensitivity to migrant rights in Turkey.

Review of the multi-volume book "Ak Zhol"

In the history of the domestic press, the multi-volume publication of materials of the newspaper “Ak zhol”, which was persecuted by the Soviet ideology for its nationalist tendencies, is considered a significant event in the cultural life of the country. The authors of the multi-volume collection transcribed the national press materials from Arabic into Cyrillic script, provided explanation, a list of authors, dictionary of abbreviated and foreign words and concepts. The newspaper materials that were inaccessible to researchers and readers were introduced into scientific circulation. Purpose and objectives. The purpose of the study is a critical analysis of the collection published as a cultural heritage. Consequently, the articles included in the collection were classified according to the positions of formation and propaganda of the national idea. An analysis of individual articles of authors and editors was carried out. The influence of the newspaper on the socio-political process in the Turkestan region, as well as the closure of the newspaper due to ideological pressure has been determined. Results. The ideological continuity of the newspaper “Ak zhol” with the newspaper “Kazakh”, and the commonality of political and spiritual positions on the national values have been revealed. Conclusion. During data analysis the conclusion was about applied value of the collection for research aimed at the scientific restoration of historical and cultural processes of the early 20th century.

Трудный путь возрождения пермской медицины (1919–1923)

The article is devoted to the most difficult period in the history of Perm medicine, associated with the recovery after the devastating civil war. It turned out to be the least studied in the historical discourse, although it was filled with tragic events: the destruction of urban infrastructure, including in the field of healthcare, the practical absence of medical personnel, the catastrophic epidemic situation in the city and countryside. Returning the situation to normal was complicated by the food and fuel crisis. And in 1921, the famous famine began in the Volga region, which also captured a number of districts of the Perm province and had a great impact on the state of medical care. Based on archival sources that have not previously been introduced into scientific circulation, newspaper materials, and publications of that time, a description is given of the activities of doctors and paramedics in overcoming enormous difficulties in providing a minimum level of medical care to the population. The role of the Soviet and party leadership of the Perm province, provincial and district health departments in overcoming the most acute organizational and personnel problems in this area is revealed. Attention is drawn to the difficulties and unresolved problems in the fight against mass epidemic diseases and the dedicated work of medical personnel in these difficult historical conditions. Of undoubted interest is the initial period of formation of the pediatric service system in the province, the contribution of scientists and practitioners in providing medical care to newborns, young mothers and infants. The role and significance of the Faculty of Medicine of Perm University in the training of medical personnel, the work of teachers and students in practical healthcare is analyzed. A special place is given to the analysis of the state of medical care in the initial period of the NEP. The main directions of implementation of these principles in the field of health care, their contradictory nature and the difficulties of their implementation on the territory of the Perm province until the end of 1923, when the zoning of the Urals took place, led to the liquidation of this territorial entity.

Rays of Death and Visions of Life: Ultrasound Narratives, Risk Evaluations, and Prenatal Imaging.

Diagnostic ultrasound visualization was initially developed and introduced as a more benign alternative to X-rays and is today established as a harmless routine procedure and tool for risk management, but as this article shows, it took several decades to overcome the popular notion that ultrasound itself was a high-risk technology, a potentially deadly weapon. Swedish newspaper material provides a window into internationally circulated narratives portraying ultrasound as both a frightening and promising phenomenon. These ideas also constituted an important context for risk assessment during the early adoption and development of obstetrical ultrasound imaging, as shown by the case of Lund, Sweden, where the still-experimental technology was first imported from Scotland in the early 1960s. The article repositions ultrasound in the history of risk and risk management in modern societies and also sheds new light on the history of ultrasound visualization by situating it in a broader context of media culture.

Kryzhanovsky as a Figure in Anti-Bolshevik Movement of Urals and Siberia in 1918—1920

The article is dedicated to the history of the Yekaterinburg Secret Military Organization, which prepared an uprising against Soviet authority. It introduces new information into academic discourse regarding its covert operations in the spring and summer of 1918. The existing historiographic views on the leadership composition and structure of the Yekaterinburg Secret Military Organization have been expanded. The role of one of its previously unknown participants, the mining engineer Yuri Ilyich Kryzhanovsky, within the organization has been revealed. It has been proven that Yuri I. Kryzhanovsky was one of the leaders of the Yekaterinburg Secret Military Organization, and that the headquarters of the underground movement was located in his father’s house. Key milestones in Kryzhanovsky’s biography have been established, including the final period associated with his service in Admiral Kolchak’s army. Kryzhanovsky’s connections with Major General A. N. Grishin-Almazov, commander of the Siberian Army, and the renowned revolutionary B. V. Savinkov are demonstrated. It is proven that Yuri I. Kryzhanovsky participated in the creation of the All-Russian National Union in the city of Ufa and subsequently joined the leadership of the Yekaterinburg branch of the All-Russian National Union. The primary sources for reconstructing the biography of Yuri I. Kryzhanovsky were award documents from Kolchak’s army and newspaper materials.

Belarusization in the Smolensk Region from the Pages of the Newspaper «Rabochiy Put’», 1920–1930s

The article presents the practice of Belarusization in the Smolensk region in the 1920s – the first half of the 1930s in the format of its reflection on the pages of the newspaper «Rabochiy Put’», as the press organ of the Smolensk Gubernatorial Committee of the RCP (b) – the CPSU (b) and the Gubernatorial Executive Committee, and since 1929 – the main printing body of the Western region with the administrative center in Smolensk.
 The materials of the «Rabochiy Put’» do not form the reader's holistic perception of the policy of Belarusization in the Smolensk region, as in one of the Russian regions with a compact Belarusian population. There were no Belarusian collective farms or Belarusian village councils in the province, as was the case, for example, among Latvians and Jews. Therefore, the main direction of Belarusization has become the education system, i.e. the introduction of the Belarusian language and the course of Belarusian studies in individual schools, as well as attempts to transmit a number of schools into the Belarusian language.
 At the same time, even fragmentary data from newspaper materials of different genres and volumes indicate that neither the provincial authorities (virtually at all levels up to village councils), nor the titular and even the Belarusian
 population itself have become active supporters of the policy of Belarusization, only formally participating in this process, as in one of the many socio-political campaigns of thаt period.

Development of a Text Processing Automation Method for Using Modern Korean-Chinese Mixed Text in General Education

This study aims to develop an automated text processing method for the use of modern Korean-Chinese mixed newspaper materials in liberal arts education. This article describes the process, its results, and additional tasks. In particular, the focus was placed on the batch processing of texts downloaded in large quantities. The problem with the existing computerized and serviced Korean-Chinese mixed texts is that most of the old Korean texts were computerized with PUA codes, which are not currently in Unicode standards. To process or analyze texts in computer language, it is necessary to convert these characters into standard code methods. Based on the standardized data brought in, the work of replacing the old form of words with the current Korean notation was carried out. Finally, in the text, phonological and Korean notation of Chinese characters are added in parentheses. Reviewing the results shows a significant improvement in readability. If you want to use modern Korean and Chinese newspaper materials for liberal arts education, it may be difficult unless a separate feed process is premised. When trying to use modern Korean-Chinese newspaper materials for liberal arts education, it can be difficult due to the problem of notations. Furthermore, this automated form of processing allows instructors to extract articles related to specific topics and to read articles with students that increase their readability. But as things stand, there are limits. For example, if a Chinese character has multiple consonants, there may be cases in which a Chinese character has a reading sound that does not fit the Chinese character word and rather interferes with the reading of it. These should be used for education purposes after correction. In addition, even if it is a Korean-Chinese mixed text and pronunciation is provided here, it is difficult for a student without knowledge of classical Chinese grammar to read that text if a lot of classical Chinese expressions are mixed in. This case ultimately becomes a problem that can be solved by the development of a classical Chinese morpheme analyzer. If progress is made on such things as the construction of the classic Chinese Corpus, it will be of great help in the development of history and liberal arts teaching tools.

A Zoocentric Perspective on Natural Disasters

In this paper, written about the tragic earthquake in Banija (the 2020 Petrinja earthquake, also known as the Banovina earthquake) from a zoocentric perspective, I present several examples based on newspaper materials and conversations with activists from animal rights associations (Friends of Animals and Nature from Čakovec, Friends of Animals Croatia) on the condition and status of animal rescue operations after the Banija earthquake, which occurred during the coronavirus pandemic in Croatia. While the media published reports and photos about the coexistence of the human victims and their animals (both utilitarian animals and pets), animal rights activists came across many cases of previous (prior to the earthquake) neglect of animals.

Estimation Age of Bloodstain Using Smartphone Application on Colorimetric Analysis

Advances in technology should be able to help the work of forensic experts, especially in solving criminal crime cases. Estimated age of bloodstains is an important factor in forensic analysis. This study aims to identify the age of bloodstains using the colorimetric method and observe changes in the color of bloodstains on the surface of the material based on the results of photos using a smartphone camera. This study is an experimental study with a control time series design, where bloodstain samples are observed in a certain period longitudinally. Bloodstains were dripped on five different material surfaces, namely ceramics, glass, cardboard, paper, and newspapers, then observations and taking photos of bloodstains for 72 hours. Estimation of the age of bloodstains using artificial neural tissue by the backpropagation method. The results showed that the artificial neural network that was built was able to predict the age of bloodstains based on time classification. In addition, there is a significant influence of the color of bloodstains on the five surfaces of ceramic, glass, cardboard, paper and newspaper materials, namely. 63.7%; 84.3%; 84.6%; 68.2% and 86.6%.

Samara society in the period of dual power

Based on archival documents, newspaper materials and economic statistics, the article analyzes the public mood of the inhabitants of the city of Samara in the period of 19911993. After 29 years since the dissolution of the Soviets of Peoples Deputies, an opportunity has been provided for a comprehensive study of the topic of local self-government. Such studies will make it possible to find the main patterns of the countrys development, as well as expand the methodologies of history. Topic of the history of local self-government is impossible without the use of interdisciplinary methods. In the work, in addition to historical methods: historical-genetic, historical-comparative, descriptive, the semiotic method was used, as well as the method of content analysis. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the new formulation of the problem in the study of local self-government and the non-traditional solution of emerging issues of the relationship of the power of society. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive and comprehensive study of the problem of relations between the representative bodies of state power and the Samara society during the dual power period of 19911993. Dual power in practice consisted in the presence of two equal bodies of the vertical of power: the vertical of the Soviets, headed by the Supreme Soviet, the Congress of Peoples Deputies and R.I. Khasbulatov and the vertical of the institute of the presidency of the Russian Federation, which relied on the appointed heads of administrations. In the course of the study, some results were obtained: 1) a painful reaction in the public mood of the Samara society in 19911993 on economic reforms 2) the unsatisfactory state of the material and economic basis of the Samara region 3) the phenomenon of letter to the authorities of the daily life of Samara residents 4) the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary approach in the study of local self-government 5) ignoring or impossibility of direct interaction between the authorities and residents in 19911993. The conclusion, according to the results, is as follows: at the end of 1993, Russia failed to implement the system of local self-government, in which the inhabitants were disappointed, as well as the unwillingness to build a system of local authorities by the new Russian government.

The Old Believers of Simbirsk and Samara in the Second Half of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Century (according to the Materials of the Samara and Simbirian Diarish Departments)

Abstract Introduction. The presented article describes the Old Believer movement in the Simbirsk-Samara Volga region through the periodical press of this region. The chronological framework of the work covers the middle of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century. The presented material touches on one of the dramatic problems of Russian history, the church schism and the emergence of the Old Believers movement. The relevance of the presented material lies in the growing interest of the Russian society in this topic, and especially among Orthodox youth. The problem of splits and divisions in Russian society is not a new phenomenon in our country. The reform, which began as a political adventure of Patriarch Nikon, led to a split of Orthodox Christians into Old Believers and Nikonians. The Old Believers have experienced a lot and in spite of everything they have preserved that ancient spiritual heritage, in which the spirit of Holy Russia has been preserved. The purpose of the article is to define, on the basis of newspaper materials, the role of the Old Believers in Russia, its uniqueness for the further history of the country. Materials and Methods. The main sources are periodicals. The work is based on the principles of historicism to the study of the past. The research methodology is based on special-historical general historical methods – scientific description. Research Results. As a result of the study, the author introduces into scientific circulation historical facts from diocesan records that have not previously been presented in modern historical science. Having a monopoly position in the state and society, the official church in its diocesan publications openly criticized all Old Believer trends (except for co-religionists). The anti-schismatic tone in publications has not changed throughout the existence of diocesan journals. At the beginning of the 20th century, the authorities and the church made significant compromises with regard to the Old Believers, but in the press, they remained the same sectarians who must be joined to the “true faith”. Discussion and Conclusion. The fight against the “schism” in Russia has always occupied a huge place in the life of the Russian Orthodox Church. The official church tried by all means to join the schismatics. The Old Believers, in conditions of severe persecution, actively continued to defend the principles of their faith, traditions and way of life. After the First Russian Revolution, there were hopes for the legal existence of the Old Believer Church. The February revolution completely gave the Old Believers freedom, but new persecutions began under the Bolsheviks. Relations between the New Believers and supporters of the “old times” change in the Soviet era, when both denominations existed under the yoke of the Soviets. Formal reconciliation did not lead to the restoration of both churches, the “historical schism” turned out to be deeper and harder. It can be concluded that this topic is still relevant today. The proposed provisions and conclusions create prerequisites for further study of this problem.

Spelling Norms of the Yakut language and Speech Practice of Ulus (District) Newspapers

The aim of the study is to identify and typologize the violations of orthographic norms in the Yakut language in the materials of ulus (district) newspapers. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks are envisaged: 1) selection of ulus (district) Yakut-language newspapers for monitoring; 2) orthographic review of newspaper materials; 3) evaluation of the frequency of use and forms of spelling (In Russian script / fonetized form) of borrowed words in ulus (district) newspapers; 4) analysis of typical violations of Yakut orthography rules in ulus (district) newspapers. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it describes typical violations and deviations from orthographic norms of the Yakut language in the materials of ulus (district) newspapers. Particular attention is paid to the spelling of words borrowed from the Russian language. During the analysis we have come to the conclusion that in ulus (district) newspapers the spelling in phonetic form of many widely used borrowed words, whose bases were previously transmitted in the media materials in their original form, has become firmly established.