Collection Of Papers Research Articles

Press cuttings in the University of Botswana Library

Newspapers are a useful source of research information However, without proper preservation and indexing services information from newspapers is difficult to access and use in an effective manner. Press clippings are a way out of this problem both in terms of the preservation of the newspapers and access to them, albeit on a highly selective basis. It is the contention in this paper that with proper planning, preparation and in selected subjects, access to newspaper information is enhanced through a systematic press cuttings project that is sufficiently broad‐based in terms of newspaper coverage. The paper discusses preservation concerns of keeping newspaper collections and makes some recommendations which could help other libraries intending to embark on a similar project.

Leading Israeli newspaper collection to be digitised

Leading Israeli newspaper collection to be digitised

The Impact of a Change in Collection Frequency on Kerbside Recycling Behaviours

The research monitors the changes in recycling performance indicators arising from halving the collection frequency of a kerbside newspaper collection scheme. The changes in the performance parameters are explained in terms of the underlying behavioural changes that could have occurred within the community. This interpretation is aided by a computer simulation of the kerbside recycling activity of the community. Moving from a 2-week collection to a 4-week collection did not substantially affect the number of households recycling, nor the overall weights collected. A small weight loss, however, may have occurred, from a small minority of households, unable to accommodate the extra storage demand of the new regime. Model predictions were consistent with the observed performance data. It is postulated that the scheme could withstand considerable intervention before significant behavioural changes are induced. It demonstrates that cost-cutting interventions can be undertaken without significantly compromising individual participations. The case-study also highlights the caution needed in the interpretation of the recycling performance indicators themselves.

The Union Preserved: A Guide to Civil War Records in the New York State Archives

The Union Preserved: A Guide to the Civil War Records in the New York State Archives is a comprehensive reference work that, for the first time, makes available to a wide public one of the most important and extensive Civil War resources in the nation: the collections of the New York State Archives and Records Administration. The guide also seeks to make readers aware of the vast collections of wartime manuscripts, newspapers, maps, rare books, ephemera, and artifacts held by the New York State Museum, The New York State Library, and The New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs. Collectively, the holdings of these four institutions constitute one of the largest and most significant collections of Civil War materials available to the public. Unlike similar guides that have been published by other archival institutions, The Union Preserved contains eleven appendices that are intended to facilitate and further the research of those interested in New York's role in the Civil War. Much of the information contained in these appendices either has been long out of print or has never been published and should prove to be an invaluable source to researchers.

The Peking University Library's Collection of Pre-1949 Chinese Periodicals and Newspapers

The author describes Peking University Library's collection of Chinese periodicals and newspapers that were published from the late 1800s until 1949. The collection consists of 9,628 bound volumes of 608 Chinese newspapers published between 1872 and 1949, and 28,211 bound volumes of 11,032 periodicals published during the same period and covers a wide range of subjects, from political and economic, to literary and scientific.

Psychotherapy Indications and Outcomes,

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book Forum: PSYCHOTHERAPYFull AccessPsychotherapy Indications and Outcomes,SUSAN C. VAUGHAN, M.D., SUSAN C. VAUGHANSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., New York, N.Y.Published Online:1 Jan 2000https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.157.1.141-aAboutSectionsView EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail “Who has won?” the crowd of panting racers asks the Dodo bird in Alice in Wonderland when he proclaims that the caucus-race is over. After a great deal of thought the Dodo said, “Everybody has won, and all must have prizes.”This compendium of papers from the 86th annual meeting of the American Psychopathological Association in 1996 is designed to review the status of various psychotherapies at the close of the 1990s. It begins with Lester Luborsky and colleagues comparing the efficacy of psychodynamic versus other psychotherapies and asking whether, indeed, all psychotherapies have won and everyone must have prizes. This useful update of Luborsky’s classic 1975 paper is followed by two chapters based on the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study of Depression data examining patient and therapist factors associated with positive outcomes and an additional chapter by David Janowsky, the volume’s editor, on therapist and patient characteristics as assessed by the Myers Briggs Type Indicator.These general opening chapters are followed by numerous chapters on various psychotherapy “brands,” often written by those who developed them, including Marsha Linehan on dialectical behavioral therapy of borderline personality disorder, Myrna Weissman on interpersonal psychotherapy, David Spiegel on group psychotherapy with the medically ill, and Ira Glick on family therapy. Although each of these chapters attempts to address the question of the relative efficacy of their psychotherapeutic approach compared with others for a given set of disorders, there are often very few real data distinguishing them. In addition, the proponents of each type of psychotherapy seem, predictably enough, to be somewhat biased in favor of their own approaches. Of course, this same criticism might also be leveled at a psychopharmacological researcher who has spent much of his or her career primarily studying one medication.The evidence for the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy alone and when combined with medication for the treatment of depression are reviewed before the book provides a look at important methodological considerations in psychotherapy research such as how to study the relative efficacy of medications and psychotherapies and how to create solid comparative studies. Donald Klein’s comprehensive checklists are characteristically rigorously thought-out examples of the rules of evidence that must govern any comparison of psychotherapeutic approaches. These thoughtful perspectives on methodology seem to bring the book full circle, reminding us how much we need not only studies that dissect in detail how each psychotherapeutic technique works but also rigorous demonstrations of the therapeutic features that different psychotherapies share. One thing this solid survey of the current status of psychotherapy makes clear is that psychotherapy research in the 1990s is off to the races. The book closes by asking what is perhaps the most crucial question of all: with managed care in charge, will there be enough prizes left to go around?edited by David S. Janowsky, M.D. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 1999, 398 pp., $49.95. FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 157Issue 1 January 2000Pages 141-a-142 Metrics History Published online 1 January 2000 Published in print 1 January 2000

Comprehensive Bridge Scour Evaluation Methodology

In the United States, bridge scour technology is discussed primarily in three FHWA publications: Hydraulic Engineering Circular (HEC) 18: Evaluating Scour at Bridges; HEC-2: Stream Stability at Highway Structures; and HEC-23: Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures. Together, these documents provide guidance to state highway agencies that is necessary for completing comprehensive scour and stream instability evaluations for the design of new bridges and for repairing existing bridges. Experience has shown that the relationships among the three documents are not always readily apparent, and some scour evaluations have relied primarily on HEC-18. A comprehensive flowchart that illustrates the interrelationship among the three FHWA scour-related documents has been developed. In addition, in 1998, FHWA, TRB, and AASHTO sponsored a scanning review of European practice for bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures. In 1999, ASCE published a compendium of papers on stream stability and scour at highway bridges, and FHWA prepared an annotated bibliography to support revisions to the three HECs. It is anticipated that the flow-chart and the substantial information from the scanning review, the compendium, and the annotated bibliography will be included in the next revisions to HEC-18, HEC-20, and HEC-23. On the basis of information from these sources, a comprehensive approach to bridge scour and stream instability evaluations is outlined, and an overview of planned revisions to the three FHWA HECs is provided.

Newspaper Information in Tanzania: challenges for the 21St Century

Reviews the task of providing adequate newspaper information services to meet the demands of 21st century Tanzania. Defines what is meant by newspaper information, and outlines the present situation of the provision of newspaper information in Africa and mainland Tanzania. Discusses the problems of providing access to newspaper information and the newspaper services provided by libraries in Tanzania. Analyses the challenges for newspaper information in Tanzania in the 21st century, and provides recommendations in respect of: newspaper collections; staff; indexing and press cutting; preservation and conservation; cooperation; equipment and the introduction of new technology.

BookReviews

This book is a compendium of papers given at the 8th International Congress of Women's Health Issues held in Canada in June 1997.It consists of 29 chapters which have been arranged into 5 themes: theoretical and practical issues, the trauma of sexual abuse and violence across the lifespan, reproduction, motherhood and the social control of women, traditional cultures and women's health, and globalization, corporate greed and their impact on women's image, health and work.

Chaucer to Spenser, An Anthology ed. by Derek Pearsall (review)

REVIEWS157 in important new light. That N. R. Havely's paper, 'Muses and Blacksmiths: Italian Trecento Poetics and the Reception of Dante in "The House of Fame,"' is less stimulating has perhaps to do with the nature of the material: Italian was not as vivid in England as Latin or French or English, evidently, and with Havely the issues remain Chaucer's Italian journeys and his personal absorption of Italian influence. Though less systematic, most evocative are the several essays that bring into the calculus non-literary English writings and non-verbal means of making meaning. In 'Women's Piety and Women's Power: Chaucer's Prioress Reconsidered,' Carol Meale uses bibliographical and documentary evidence ofthewomanly conventual cultures ofBarking Abbey and the priory ofSt. Leonards at Stratford at Bow to argue for different evaluations of the 'General Prologue' description of the Prioress and of her tale. In 'Looking for a Sign: The Quest for Nominalism in Chaucer and Langland,' Minnis develops evidence from theological writing—especiallysuch Anglo-Latin writers as Robert Holcot, Thomas Bradwardine, and Ralph Strode, amongst others, 'who produced theological bookswhich enjoyed a popularity beyond the schools,' helping to 'prepare the ground for vernacular theology'—and shows what part the chief Ricardian poets took in such theological discussions, across linguistic and generic boundaries. Richard Firth Green, in 'Ricardian "Trouthe": A Legal Perspective,' does similar work with legal practices and discourses, showing how the Ricardian poets' work was embedded in non-literary traditions again. AndThorlacTurville-Petre, in 'The Pearl-Poet in his "Fayre Regioun,"' discusses literary demographics, in effect: the shifts in population distribution, commercial traffic, and political arrangements making for a 'national' Ricardian literature, of which even the Pearl-poet is an exponent, he argues, where Edwardian literature had been several segregate 'regional' literatures: impersonal social circumstance speaks through. To wish for papers on painting, say, and architecture, or civic pageantry and royal ritual, or banqueting, would perhaps be to wish for too much, though work along such lines is ofcourse beingdone, and by persons undoubtedly influenced by Burrow's Ricardian Poetry. For all the laudable editorial foresight that went into conceiving Essays on Ricardian Literature, these are essays, suggestive rather than comprehensive. Though this is not a handbook of Ricardian literature nor of Ricardian studies, the book is well conceived, in a wayfestschriften often are not, and executed with a high level ofscholarly and critical acumen. This collection ofpapers does a good deal by itselfand should have the effect of stimulating more such work, towards realizing the project John Burrow conceived in Ricardian Poetry, 'a truly synoptic view' of Ricardian culture. DAVID R. CARLSON University of Ottawa derek PEARSALL, ed., Chaucer to Spenser, An Anthology. Maiden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1998. Pp. 686. isbn: 0-631-19838-5. $74.95 (hard) isbn: 0-631-198393 (paper) $36.95. This anthology is organized in response to theoretical debates that will be familiar to many instructors of early modern literature, if not to students: the 'arbitrariness of 158ARTHURIANA periodization,' the new historicist demands for reading literature in cultural and historical contexts, the literary value of inferior' or noncanonical writing. In place of the traditional assemblage ofGreat Works from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are nondramatic poems plus excerpts from letters, biographies, speeches, prologues, and treatises, to be read in relation to cultural and literary themes and 'against' one another. In his short introduction, Pearsall names his themes (as arbitrary, ofcourse, as the periods he eschews)—the status ofEnglish, the rise of mysticism and affective devotion, a preoccupation with mutability, civic versus personal ethics, the representation of women, and a foregrounding of an interior subjectivity—but he fails to provide formal, easily-accessed structures for getting at them when, say, a teacher plans a syllabus or a student decides on a paper topic. In short, a crossreferenced user's guide or extensive discussions of organizing themes and dominant literary practices would make the nontraditional approach this anthology invites more manageable—and, perhaps, justify the book's high cost. Some of Pearsall's headnotes are quite helpful, however, in keying the entries to thematic interests and literary innovations. The introductions to each of the works by Chaucer, for example, discuss the...

Enhancing a Newspaper Collection Using the World Wide Web

Serial cancellations have reduced the print newspaper collection at the University of Toledo (UT) Library by about one third since 1990. In the meantime, the number of newspapers publishing on the World Wide Web has skyrocketed, prompting UT to investigate accessing newspapers online. The immediate goal of this project is to provide library users with access to online versions of cancelled print newspapers, and eventually to enhance the collection even further with additional electronic newspapers. This article examines the trends in online newspaper publishing, researches the availability of Web sites in relation to the UT newspaper collection, critically reviews the sites found, and discusses the issues surrounding access to an online collection.

Mediaevalitas: Reading the Middle Ages ed. by Piero Boitani and Anna Torti (review)

PiERO BOITANi and anna TORTi, eds., Mediaevalitas: Reading the Middle Ages. The J.A.W. Bennett Memorial Lectures, Ninth Series, Perugia 1995. Cambridge, Brewer, 1996. Pp. x, 183. isbn: 0-85991-488-7. $71. In recent years the term 'reading' in medieval studies has been redefined and expanded to act as a kind ofshorthand for the processes oftextual transmission and reception, as well as intertextuality and literary influence. Employing this shorthand, Piero Boitani and Anna Torti present Mediaevalitas: Reading the MiddleAges, a collection ofpapers from the J.A.W. Bennett Memorial Symposium in 1995. In this anthology they broach the rather broad subject of how medieval texts and culture have been 'read' and represented on an international scale, from the Middle Ages to the present. The title, perhaps, is a shade misleading. Although the collection does, as the title suggests, involve material from avariety ofliterary traditions, the anthology isweighed very heavily towards medieval and modern English texts, particularly Chaucer; it is scholars ofEnglish who will find the collection most useful. The first half of the book supplies four interesting readings of Chaucer and his contemporaries. Lisa J. Kiser demonstrates how Chaucer, Alain de Lille and Jean de Meun present three significantly different views ofa single medieval trope, Nature as a female figure. Adding another layer of reading, she brings to the discussion the philosophy ofecofeminism and examines its (somewhat dangerous) association with the Dame Nature tradition. In the second discussion of Chaucer as a reader, Robert R. Edwards discusses how Chaucer's hermeneutics respond to Boccaccio and Petrarch in the Clerk's Tale. The collection then switches from Chaucer reading to reading Chaucer as Julia Boffey deftly negotiates the tricky business oftrying to ascertain his impact on Charles ofOrleans, while exploring the issue ofinfluence and intertextuality amongst French and English medieval authors generally. Sheila Delany presents a somewhat more restricted example ofreading Chaucer in theAugustinian friar Osbern Bokenham's pious re-appropriation of Chaucer's Legend of Good Women, his reclamation ofthe hagiographie genre in his genuine collection offemale saints lives, Legends ofHoly Women, from Chaucer's courtly parody. The fifth essay in the collection makes the transition from medieval to modern readings ofmedieval texts. In it, Carol Meale considers how books and texts moved through the life of one woman, Alice Chaucer, and how her reading habits can be interpreted as a part of female participation in medieval literate culture. The latter halfofthe anthologyshifts to the subjects ofpost-medieval authors and critics reading medieval texts and, more broadly, medievalism in general. Leading this section is Thomas P. Roches effort to correct what he considers to be critical misreadings of Spenser's allegorical use ofthe Four Daughters of God to refashion political history in theFairie Queene. Next, Stefania D'Agata D'Ottavi provides arefreshingexpansion beyond the literaryfocus ofthe anthologyin her discussion ofBlake's artisticrendering ofChaucer's pilgrims in the image ofhis own (perhaps regressive) 'scholastic' world view. Angelo Righetti provides a more general discussion ofBrownings medievalism, in particular his readings of Dante in Sordello. Reading medieval culture is brought into the twentieth century in the last two contributions to Mediaevalitas, where ARTHURIANA 8.1 (1998) ARTHURIANA Toshiyuki Takamiya and Joerg O. Fichte examine Japanese and German reworkings of the Arthurian tradition. Aside from the aforementioned bias towards English literature, Boitani andTorti's collection does an adequate job of fulfilling its mission statement of 'reading the middle ages.' Still, given the broadness of the subject matter, not to mention the vagueness of the title, the book might have benefited from a more detailed introduction, including an elaboration of their understanding of the concept of 'reading' (it contains only avery briefpreface). Similarly, some selections in the volume use the term 'reading' simply as a hook for basic textual criticism without considering the concept carefully—although some ofthis criticism is interesting as such. Only a few contributors (Edwards, Boffey and Meale especially) demonstrate true sensitivity to the way 'reading' as a concept folds in on itself—enveloping the reception, interpretation and representation of texts or ideas. Nevertheless, whether by good fortune or good design, this anthology does a decentjob oflinkingvarieties ofreading regarding the Middle Ages, however loosely. JANINE ROGERS McGiIl University ...

A Guide to China's Tax and Business Laws , and: Commercial Laws in the People's Republic of China: Regulation and Reform Affecting the Market (review)

134 China Review International: Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring 1997 Howard Gensler and Jiliang Yang. A Guide to China's Tax and Business Laws. Hong Kong: FT Law and Tax Asia Pacific, 1995. xv, 379 pp. Paperback , isbn 962-661-001-8. Bryan S. Bachner and H. L. Fu. Commercial Laws in the People's Republic ofChina: Regulation and Reform Affecting theMarket. Singapore: Butterworths Asia, 1995. xix, 247 pp. Paperback, isbn 0-409-99796-x. Perhaps no area of China's legal system is developing faster than the field ofcommercial law. Encompassing corporate governance, taxation, and the regulation of access to the domestic and international capital markets, the importance of commercial law has grown in tandem with the development and "opening up" of China's economy. Not coincidentally, it is also the area ofChinese law which most involves foreign lawyers. Sadly, many American lawyers assigned to projects in China or Hong Kong lack the language skills or the background needed to understand the role oflaw, as well as the specific provisions ofthe individual laws, in commercial transactions in China. Two recent publications attempt to meet, in very different ways, the needs of foreign lawyers servicing clients in China. A Guide to China's Tax and Business Laws is a bilingual presentation ofprimary sources oflaw (statutes and regulations ) prefaced by explanatory notes. In contrast, Commercial Laws in the People's Republic ofChina contains a collection ofpapers, written by a diverse group of Chinese government officials and legislators, which summarizes the present state ofcommercial law in the PRC and offers suggestions for future legislative efforts. The authoritative Chinese codification oflaws and regulations, the Huibian, is often difficult to use and often out ofdate. As a result, lawyers and academics are commonly reduced to scanning newspaper articles in order to find the text of a recently promulgated law, and obtaining complete versions of Chinese tax laws is an especially difficult endeavor. A Guide to China's Tax and Business Laws addresses this situation quite well. The Guide collects the major pieces of tax, accounting , and corporate governance legislation, and presents them side-by-side with an (unofficial) English translation. This is exacdy the kind ofinformation that the practicing lawyer needs, and the dual-column approach allows the foreign lawyer to locate quickly fhe relevant provision in the English column, and then switch to Chinese for purposes ofparsing the statute or regulation. It is un-© 1997 by University clear, however, why the authors chose to publish a single, softcover volume. The ofHawai'iPressmore common approach in this situation would be a loose-leafservice, where new material is periodically added to the original set ofmaterials, and amended or repealed laws are updated or discarded. Reviews 135 The Guideis full ofrather precise translations ofthe text ofthe laws, but its real contribution is its treatment of the numeric calculations that appear in the tax laws. These formulas, used in computing certain categories ofincome, are more prose than symbolic representation in the Chinese original. The Guide's translators transform them into purely mathematical representations, through the use ofclearly defined variables and standard notation. This representation ofincome calculations in the translation column is so much clearer than the original text that it may even prove valuable to native speakers of Chinese. Each law in the Guide is prefaced by a short legislative history. Often, knowing why a law was promulgated or amended is more valuable than the text ofthe current draft, especially if a particular issue predates the present incarnation of the statute or regulation. Here the editors deserve criticism, though not because these prefaces are not useful; the situation is quite the opposite. In fact, these histories are worth reading in their own right, and the editors should have encouraged the translators to include longer and more detailed prefaces. Commercial Laws in the People's Republic ofChina is a different kind ofbook. It is a compilation ofpapers, in both the original Chinese and English translation, presented by mainland legal scholars and government officials at a 1994 conference on "China's Company, Securities and Arbitration Law," held in Beijing under the auspices of the Center for Chinese and Comparative Law of the City University of Hong Kong. The book...

Politics, the Court, and the Constitution: A Bibliographical Essay on the Pre- and Post-New Deal Supreme Court

Politics, the Court, and the Constitution: A Bibliographical Essay on the Pre- and Post-New Deal Supreme Court John B. Taylor To survey the literature ofthe pre- and post-New Deal Supreme Court, as conceived in this series of essays, is to examine historical, political, and legal scholarship covering more than six decades of Su­ preme Court history. That literature is vast, and the principal difficulty is not to discover the sources, or even to organize them, but to make choices about inclusion and exclusion and, because of constraints oftime and space, to reconcile oneselfto the neces­ sity ofomitting many useful works for reasons that are to some extent arbitrary. I have limited the dis­ cussion to books and journal articles that are likely to be available in good academic (or, in some cases, law) libraries; newspaper accounts, articles in popu­ lar magazines, and unpublished sources such as dis­ sertations and collections ofpapers and manuscripts are not included. Fortunately, a reader wishing to pursue topics covered here can start with a few of the sources listed and, with little effort or by sheer serendipity, quickly locate many more, both pub­ lishedandunpublished, formost ofthese works have extensive notes or bibliographies and many have helpful bibliographical essays. General bibliogra­ phies are also available, such as Stephen M. Millett, comp., A Selected Bibliography ofAmerican Con­ stitutional History (SantaBarbara, CA: Clio Books, 1975). D. Grier Stephenson, Jr., comp., The Su­ preme Court and the American Republic (New York: Garland Publishing, 1981), has briefannota­ tions; KermitL. Hall, comp., A Comprehensive Bib­ liography ofAmerican Constitutional and Legal History, 1896-1979, 5 vol. (Millwood, NY: Kraus International Publications, 1984) is an exhaustive but unannotated compilation of references grouped by subject. Fenton S. Martin and Robert U. Goehlert, comps., The U.S. Supreme Court:A Bibliography (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1990), is an unannotated bibliography on topics about the Supreme Court, including works on and by the Jus­ tices, which also lists other bibliographies. General Works Since our topic spans several decades and fo­ cuses on a momentous event (the Court-packing crisis of 1937), general works on the Court and on American constitutional history have much to offer with respect to many of the specific topics mentioned hereafter. Leonard W. Levy, Kenneth L. Karst, and Dennis J. Mahoney, eds., Encyclopedia of the American Constitution, 4 vols. plus Supplement (New York: Macmillan, 1986, 1991) contains articles on Justices, judicial decisions, doctrinal concepts, and historical perspectives. A 100 JOURNAL 1997, VOL. 1 useful selection fromthese articles, focusing on short periods of constitutional history and on the Court under each ofits ChiefJustices, is the same editors’ American Constitutional History (New York: Macmillan, 1989). Alfred H. Kelly, Winfred A. Harbison, and Herman Belz, The American Con­ stitution: Its Origins and Development, 7th ed. (NewYork: W. W. Norton, 1991) is a richly descrip­ tive and analytical narrative that seeks to balance the conflicting impulses ofthe liberal nationalist and de­ centralized individualist themes inAmerican consti­ tutional development, while Melvin I. Urofsky, A March ofLiberty:A Constitutional History ofthe United States (NewYork: AlfredA. Knopf, 1988) is a clearlywritten and succinct discussion ofthe events, issues, and trends ofAmerican constitutional history, with attention to developments in the law beyond the realm ofconstitutional interpretation and to law and policy at the state as well as national level. Charles Warren, The Supreme Court in United States History (Boston: Little, Brown, 1922, 1926) is a classic history ofthe Court up to 1918 that pays con­ siderable attention to public reaction to its decisions. The OliverWendell Holmes Devise History ofthe Supreme Court of the United States (New York: Macmillan) is an exhaustive, ongoing, multivolume work. Relevant to this topic are Owen M. Fiss, Troubled Beginnings of the Modern State, 18881910 (1993), and Alexander M. Bickel and Benno C. Schmidt, Jr., The Judiciary and Responsible Government, 1910-21 (1984). David P. Currie, The Constitution in the Supreme Court: The First HundredYears, 1789-1888, and The Constitution in the Supreme Court: The Second Century, 18881986 (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1985, 1990) is a history of and commentary upon the Supreme Court and its work, written from the perspective ofa lawyer interested in methods ofcon­ stitutional analysis and the quality ofthe performance...

EXPLAINING CHINA'S BUSINESS CYCLES

The Developing EconomiesVolume 34, Issue 2 p. 154-185 Free Access EXPLAINING CHINA'S BUSINESS CYCLES Hiroyuki IMAI, Hiroyuki IMAISearch for more papers by this author Hiroyuki IMAI, Hiroyuki IMAISearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.1996.tb00735.xCitations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES 1 Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. “Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Some Issues concerning the Establishment of the Socialist Market Economic Structure,” Beijing Review, Vol. 36, No. 47 (November 1993). 2 Chen Jidong, Li Ruoyu, and Gao Hongfang, eds. Zhonghua renmin gongheguo jingji dashiji, 1949--1980 [Major economic events of the People's Republic of China, 1949--1980] ( Beijing : Zhongguo-shehui-kexue-chubanshe, 1984). 3 Chen Jinhua Report on the Implementation of the 1994 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Draft 1995 Plan for National Economic and Social Development,” Beijing Review, Vol. 38, Nos. 14--15 (April 1995). 4 China Daily. 5 Ding Hengjiang and Liu Xiaoqi “ Guanyu difang zhengfu ganyu yinhang jingying huodong di shenceng sikao” [Deep thoughts on intervention by local governments in the operational activities of banks], Jingji yanjiu, No. 12 (1993). 6 Eckstein, A. Economic Fluctuations in Communist China's Domestic Development,” in China's Heritage and Communist Political System, ed. Ho Ping-ti and Tang Tsou, Vol. 2 ( Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1968). 7 Fan Gang, Zhang Shuguang and Wang Limin. “ Shuanggui guodu yu shuanggui diaokong (I)” [Dual-track transition and dual-track macroeconomic management (I)], Jingji yanjiu, No. 10 (1993). 8 Imai, H. Inflationary Pressure in China's Consumption Goods Market: Estimation and Analysis,” Developing Economies, Vol. 32, No. 2 (June 1994). 9 Imai, H. Growth-Inflation Tradeoff in China,” Lingnan College, Centre for Asian Pacific Studies, Working Paper Series No. 25 (Hong Kong, 1995). 10 Kornai, J. The Socialist System ( Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1992). 11 Kornai, J., and Daniel, Z. The Chinese Economic Reform---As Seen by Hungarian Economists,” Acta Oeconomica, Vol. 36, Nos. 3--4 (1986). 12 Ma Hong, ed. Modern China's Economy and Management ( Beijing : Foreign Language Press, 1990). 13 Naughton, B. Saving and Investment in China: A Macroeconomic Analysis”. (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986). 14 Naughton, B. Macroeconomic Policy and Response in the Chinese Economy: The Impact of the Reform Process,” Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 14, No. 3 (September 1987). 15 Naughton, B. Inflation in China: Patterns, Causes, and Cures,” in China's Economic Dilemmas in the 1990s: The Problems of Reforms, Modernization, and Interdependence, ed. Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress, Vol. 1, Compendium of Papers ( Washington , D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991). 16 Nihon keizai shimbun. 17 Renmin ribao. 18 State Statistical Bureau, ed. Zhongguo maoyi wujia tongji ziliao, 1952--1983 [Trade and price statistics in China, 1952--1983] ( Beijing : Zhongguo-tongji-chubanshe, 1984). 19 State Statistical Bureau, ed. Zhongguo tongji nianjian [Statistical yearbook of China] ( Beijing : Zhongguo-tongji-chubanshe, various years from 1984 to 1995). 20 Wall Street Journal. 21 Wong, C. The Economics of Shortages and Problems of Reform in Chinese Industry,” Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 10, No. 4 (December 1986). 22 Wu Naitao Risk Investment System to Be Established,” Beijing Review, Vol. 37, No. 15 (April 1994). 23 Xu Kanghua and Wang Yaping Zhongguo shehui zhuyi jianshe xinshiqui jingji jianshi [Short history of the new period of China's socialist construction] ( Beijing : Zhongguo-wuzi-chubanshe, 1993). 24 Zhongguo caizheng tongji (1950--1991). [China finance statistics (1950--1991). ( Beijing : Kexue-chubanshe, 1992). 25 Zhongguo jingji nianjian, 1991 [ Almanac of the China's economy, 1991] ( Beijing : Jingji-guanli-chubanshe, 1991). 26 Zhongguo jinrong nianjian, 1993 [ Almanac of China's finance and banking, 1993] ( Beijing : Zhongguo-jinrong-nianjian-bianjibu, 1993). Citing Literature Volume34, Issue2June 1996Pages 154-185 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Invertebrate Neuromuscular Organization: Peripheral Contributions to Behavioral Variability

Early plans for development of this sym? posium were completed with the full encouragement and helpful suggestions of Ann E. Kammer. Unfortunately, Ann passed away without seeing the final product. Therefore, we dedicated the symposium to Ann and would like to do the same with this compendium of papers. Ann received her graduate training at the University of California, Berkeley, and held faculty positions at the University of Cali? fornia, Davis, Kansas State University, and most recently at Arizona State University, as professor and Chair of the Zoology Department. Ann was active in many sci? entific organizations, particularly the Amer? ican Society of Zoologists, serving as Pro? gram Officer for the Division of Com? parative Physiology and Biochemistry (1973-74), member ofthe Education Com? mittee (1978-80) and as Secretary of the Society (1985-87). She was equally active in the American Physiological Society, serv? ing as a member ofthe Task Force on Com? parative Physiology (1976-77), member of the Program Advisory Committee (187778), member of the Comparative Physiol? ogy Symposium Committee (1978-80) and as Associate Editor of The Physiology Teacher (1980-85). Due to the breadth of her scholarly interests, she was elected in 1981 as Fellow ofthe American Association for the Advancement of Science. Ann's research interests ranged from the neurobiological basis of rhythmic flight gen? eration in insects, to the development of flight mechanisms and the underlying neu? romuscular junctions. A selection (my selection) of a few of her papers illustrates

Access to Newspaper Collections and Content in a Time of Change

Cet article passe en revue les forces et les faiblesses des methodes traditionnelles d'acces aux journaux, basees sur l'utilisation des originaux, des microfilms et des coupures de presse. Il examine les apports et les problemes des approches informatises, tant pour l'acces (en ligne, CD-Rom, numerisation) que pour la production (archivage electronique, utilisation d'Internet). L'article montre que l'accessibilite est reel pour les journaux crees electroniquement mais que cette accessiblite dependra des politiques de preservation et d'acces pour les collections traditionnelles

Culture Change in Postwar Taiwan (review)

Reviews 465 Steven Harreil and Huang Chün-chieh, editors. Culture Change in Postwar Taiwan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1994. x, 340 pp. Hardcover $54.95. The book under review is a collection ofpapers originally presented at an interdisciplinary conference, cosponsored by National Taiwan University and the University ofWashington and held in Seattle in the summer of 1990. In general, I find the book full ofsignificant findings and insights but wanting in systematic analysis. In the following review, I shall try to do three things. First, I shall briefly discuss the gist of each chapter. Second, I shall point out the analytical shortcomings ofthe volume as a whole. Third, I shall try to reinterpret the findings and shed different light on the nature ofculture change in postwar Taiwan. In the Introduction, the editors characterize culture change in postwar Taiwan as a "series ofinterlocked and cross-cutting struggles" in a quest for the grounding, authenticity, and identity ofthe island's culture along the "three related axes of tension": traditional versus modern, native versus foreign, and local versus cosmopolitan. In short, Taiwan is in the midst of a cultural "crisis." The first part, "Culture in 'Crisis': Views of the Past and Outlooks for the Future ," attempts to lay bare the factors that brought about this crisis and to show a way out. Edwin Winkler, in "Cultural Policy on Postwar Taiwan," provides an overview ofthe KMT government's cultural policy and argues that the Nationalists initially pursued a conservative policy ofpromoting "traditional" Confucian morality through mass education and ofpreventing liberal criticism and radical dissent through control and censorship, which were relaxed only in the late 1970s and 1980s. Thomas Gold, in "Civil Society and Taiwan's Quest for Identity," gives a concise and comprehensive overview of social change in the 1980s and contends that the economic "miracle" has unleashed a variety ofnew social forces such as political opposition, environmental protection, labor, and women's and student's movements, which together constitute a strong and vocal "civil society" actively and openly in search ofa new identity for itself. Finally, Huang Chün-chieh and Wu Kuang-ming, in "Taiwan and the Confucian Aspiration: Toward the Twenty-first Century," advocate a return to what they see as genuine classical Confucianism, the heart ofwhich is "ecological democracy," as the only way out ofthe current crisis. The second part, "Culture at the Individual Level: Education and Attitudes," is a disaster. "Investment in Education and Human Resource in Postwar Taiwan,"© 1995 by University by Sun Chen, is an uneasy combination ofa statistical overview ofthe postwar ofHawai'i Pressgrowth ofhigher education and the author's condemnation, without any substantial evidence, of the loss ofthe Confucian ethic among the younger generation. "Transformation ofFarmers' Social Consciousness in Postwar Taiwan," by Huang 466 China Review International: Vol. 2, No. 2, Fall 1995 Chün-chieh, alleges that the once harmonious and cohesive "moral economy" of the peasantry has been transformed into a conflict-ridden, profit-oriented "political economy" under the heavy penetration ofglobal capitalism. Huang's argument is overly given to stereotyping and lacks empirical support. For example, his only evidence for the "moral" nature ofTaiwan's peasant economy is a piece of "village contract" from the Mainland during the Sung dynasty! Ifthese two chapters reveal anything about individual attitudes at all, it is the authors' anguish over what they see as the erosion of Confucian morality and social order in postwar Taiwan and their nostalgia for the (largely imagined) ideal past. The third part, "culture with a Small c: Everyday Life," contains essays of much greater interest. David Jordan's "Changes in Postwar Taiwan and Their Impact on the Popular Practice ofReligion" delineates the "superficial" changes and "deep" continuities in popular religion. According to Jordan, these changes include more elaborate religious activities as well as bigger temples, thanks to increasing wealth and the de-regionalization ofreligion, combined with the emergence ofisland-wide pilgrimages due to increasing mobility, but the continuity lies in the basic motives and beliefs of the people that underlie folk religions. Steven Harrell's "Playing in the Valley: A Metonym ofModernization in Taiwan" portrays the weekend leisure activity at a scenic resort, which he believes is a genuinely...

Urban Anthropology in China (review)

130 China Review International: Vol. ?, No. ?, Spring 1994 Greg Guldin and Aidan Southall, editors. Urban Anthropology in China Leiden, New York, and Köln: E. J. Brill, 1993. copyright1994 by University of Hawai'i Press This volume is a collection ofpapers presented at the First International Urban Anthropology Conference in Beijing in December 1989. Although the title is Urban Anthropology, most of the contributions are from other disciplines including urban planning, sociology, and history. Each of the twenty-two substantive papers (divided into four sections) stands alone. As editor Greg Guldin points out, "there is a distinct gap in the traditions of scholarship and stylistic formulae between the Chinese and foreign contributors, but there is no unanimity among the Chinese participants as well. Urban Anthropology in China thus encompasses scholars from Europe, Asia, and North America, each variously pursuing their own individual and national versions of urban anthropology." Indeed, there is virtually no discussion ofthe many empirical and conceptual differences that emerge between the various essays except for the introductory remarks which editor Aidan Southall provides for each of the four sections. Ifthere is one theme that runs through this disparate assemblage ofessays, it might be the question of the uniqueness of Chinese cities in view ofWesternderived models of modernization and urbanization. One point that emerges in most ofthe essays concerns the nature ofboth the distinction and the relationship between the words "rural" and "urban" when applied to China. There seem to be three distinct approaches to addressing this question. First is the Marxist approach, which views changes in the city as caused by changes in the mode of production. Aidan Southall, the strongest proponent of this view, takes a very long-term historical—and thus highly generalized—look at how the form and function of Chinese cities have oscillated between the centralizing forces of the "Asiatic" mode and the decentralizing forces of the "Feudal" mode of production . This analysis is too generalized and inconclusive to convince me ofits theoretical merit. On the other hand, Southall makes a number of pithy observations to the effect that the Marxist ideal of creating a society in which the city and the countryside merge into a unified field of economic and cultural activity has been accomplished to a much greater extent in the advanced capitalist countries than in China or the other "socialist" countries. This raises the question ofjust what impact the socialist mode ofproduction has had on cities. Ivan Szelenyi holds that, compared to capitalist development, socialism in the industrializing cities of Eastern Europe limited economic and Reviews 131 cultural diversity and lessened the pressure to economize on space, and this resulted in lower population densities and a lowered level ofsocial marginality. On the other hand, the experience ofthe Soviet Union, according to Ovsey Shkaratan, was somewhat different. Contrary to Marxist expectations that socializing the means ofproduction would give planners leverage to reallocate economic and cultural assets beyond the urban centers, the very centralization of decision making , especially with the rise of Stalin, concentrated most ofthe assets and people in a few huge urban centers. One of the problems that socialist societies encounter as they rejoin the capitalist system is how to reclassify and recalculate the value of state-owned and other forms of socialized land used for productive and consumptive purposes. VesnaVucinic discusses this in terms of the ideological rationalizations behind China's urban land-reform movement of the 1980s. Three positions were staked out—the orthodox Marxist, the capitalist liberal, and the pragmatic compromise . The pragmatists borrowed the "capitalist" mechanisms and renamed and modified them to fit into a reformed socialist system. The second approach taken by contributors to this volume is an applied systems approach, which is the provenance of city planners. These authors are concerned with modeling the political and cultural interventions that shape the material conditions of urban society. Two of the contributors discuss the need to develop models ofurban planning and development that reflect the particular and regional cultural realities of Chinese, Asian, and Third World cities. Tridib Banerjee uses the dual-economy model (an economic system composed of"informal " small-scale enterprise and "formal" large-scale enterprise) to compare the postcolonial developments ofShanghai and Calcutta...

George Grenville, 1712-1770: a bibliography

Preface Chronology Introduction Manuscript Collections: The Grenville Papers The British Library The Public Record Office Other Collections in London Other British Collections Collections in the United States Published Compilations and Memoirs Containing Material on George Grenville The Speeches of George Grenville Special Topics: Secondary Sources Iconography Places Associated with George Grenville Grenville and the Press: Introduction The Grenvillites and the Press, 1763-70 The Burney Newspaper Collection The Annual Register The Gentleman's Magazine The London Magazine The Political Register and Impartial Review of New Books The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure Contemporary Pamphlets, 1760-70 Indexes