Collection Of Papers Research Articles

Information retrieval from historical newspaper collections in highly inflectional languages: A query expansion approach

The aim of the study was to test whether query expansion by approximate string matching methods is beneficial in retrieval from historical newspaper collections in a language rich with compounds and inflectional forms (Finnish). First, approximate string matching methods were used to generate lists of index words most similar to contemporary query terms in a digitized newspaper collection from the 1800s. Top index word variants were categorized to estimate the appropriate query expansion ranges in the retrieval test. Second, the effectiveness of approximate string matching methods, automatically generated inflectional forms, and their combinations were measured in a Cranfield‐style test. Finally, a detailed topic‐level analysis of test results was conducted. In the index of historical newspaper collection the occurrences of a word typically spread to many linguistic and historical variants along with optical character recognition (OCR) errors. All query expansion methods improved the baseline results. Extensive expansion of around 30 variants for each query word was required to achieve the highest performance improvement. Query expansion based on approximate string matching was superior to using the inflectional forms of the query words, showing that coverage of the different types of variation is more important than precision in handling one type of variation.

Using newspaper collections in information institutions for research purposes

The aim of this paper is to present the opinions, experiences and needs of a sample of scientists in the field of the humanities – namely historians and philologists – and their use of newspaper collections in memory institutions during scientific research. A part of the results gathered in the research, which was conducted within the Newspapers as a source of scientific information in social sciences and humanities project, and is presented here. This project examined the extent and practices in the use of newspapers as a resource of information for scientific research in the social sciences and humanities field in Croatia. The quantitative and qualitative data about the methods and level of use of newspaper material as a resource in scientific research were gathered. The results of this project implied that the newspapers are recognised and used as an admissible resource in scientific work, especially in the fields of history and philology. The fact that scientists have specific information needs and search patterns should be considered in creating innovative and effective digital newspaper collections.

Eschatological debate on the future of anthropology. Concept of crisis of anthropology in proceedings “The End of Anthropology”

The paper deals with the current concept of “anthropology in crisis”, based on the collection ofpapers “The End of Anthropology”, dedicated to this particular issue. The positions presented in this book are used as a starting point for further discussion about the crisis discourse in anthropology. The paper critically examines the identified sources of crisis (interdisciplinarity, professionalization, etc) but also refers to other aspects of crisis that should be further discussed (relativism, applied anthropology, political aspects of anthropology).

Europeana Newspapers: searching digitized historical newspapers from 23 European countries

Europeana Newspapers is a European Commission-funded project which is refining, aggregating and giving researchers online access to historical newspaper content from 23 European libraries. It also offers free, open source tools which individual libraries can use to assess refinement quality and metadata standards in relation to their own digital newspaper collections. The content made available by the project is available both through Europeana and a dedicated newspaper browser. Europeana is a way to see the newspapers in the context of over 30 million other items of cultural heritage, while the dedicated browser hosted on The European Library site gives researchers the possibility to refine their search terms (e.g. by date, publishing country, issue) and to search the full text of many newspapers. So far, the browser, which has been online for approximately one year, has proven popular with researchers, and further improvements to its functionality are planned in 2015. This could include the ability for users to tag articles or to edit, and help correct, the full text of individual articles.

A National Library for the 21st century – knowledge and cultural heritage online

Since 2004, the National Library of Norway has worked systematically to develop a digital National Library. The core of this activity has been to digitize the whole collection and to seek ways to disseminate the digital content to the biggest possible audience. Being a true multimedia library, the collection holds published material in a wide spectrum of media: from traditional printed material to radio, TV, audio, film and music. The library also harvests the Norwegian internet domain ‘.no’. Today the digital library contains 2.8 million digital objects, which adds up to 4000 TB of unique digital content. By use of extended collective licensing everyone with a Norwegian IP address can freely access and read all books published in Norway up to 2001. In addition, through agreements with the major Norwegian newspapers, all Norwegian libraries can offer access to complete digital historical newspaper collections. The most important matter to make this happen has been a strategic partnership and cooperation with rights holders and publishers. This partnership has built trust and confidence and has resulted in a cooperation where knowledge and costs are shared. The National Library of Norway offers digital library services that provide online access to full-text versions of all books published in Norway up until the year 2001, access to digital newspaper collections from the major national and regional newspapers in all libraries in the country, and opportunities for everyone with internet access to search and listen to more than 40,000 radio programmes recorded between 1933 and the present day. The foundation for this development was laid in 2004 when the National Library adopted a digitization strategy for the creation of a National Library for the 21st century. This was later followed up by the decision in principle in 2006 to digitize the entire collection.

LITUANIKOS ŠALTINIAI KAI KURIOSE JAV BIBLIOTEKOSE, MUZIEJUOSE IR ARCHYVUOSE

Sudan American Foundation for Education, Inc.414 N. Henderson Road, Suite 1205Arlington VA 22202 USAE-mail: lee.burchinal@verizon.comThis paper describes the development of the online Directory of Lithuanian Resources at Selected Libraries, Archives, and Museums in the United States. Eighty-six potential sources of information about scholarly and non-scholarly printed materials as well as archival collections, museum artifacts, and audio-visual materials were identified from references in publications, previous surveys, and information obtained from Web sites of organizations. Based on available information, draft descriptions of the holdings or collections were prepared for 84 organizations and sent to them for verification andcorrection. Revised records for the 82 sources constitute the content of the Directory. The 82 sources contain an extensive and wide variety of materials, including large collections of books, serials, newspapers, and other materials in Lithuanian; substantial university and public library collections of Lithuanian-related materials; hundreds of named archives related to individuals, families, and groups; special collections of Lithuanian coins, military-related items, folk art, and memorabilia; and oral histories and films based on the experiences of Lithuanian émigrés.

Named entity evolution recognition on the Blogosphere

Advancements in technology and culture lead to changes in our language. These changes create a gap between the language known by users and the language stored in digital archives. It affects user's possibility to firstly find content and secondly interpret that content. In previous work we introduced our approach for Named Entity Evolution Recognition~(NEER) in newspaper collections. Lately, increasing efforts in Web preservation lead to increased availability of Web archives covering longer time spans. However, language on the Web is more dynamic than in traditional media and many of the basic assumptions from the newspaper domain do not hold for Web data. In this paper we discuss the limitations of existing methodology for NEER. We approach these by adapting an existing NEER method to work on noisy data like the Web and the Blogosphere in particular. We develop novel filters that reduce the noise and make use of Semantic Web resources to obtain more information about terms. Our evaluation shows the potentials of the proposed approach.

Early Warning for Geological Disasters: Scientific Methods and Current Practice

Research Article| November 01, 2014 Early Warning for Geological Disasters: Scientific Methods and Current Practice Friedemann Wenzel, Jochen Zschau. Robert Anderson Robert Anderson Alfred E. Alquist Seismic Safety Commission 1755 Creekside Oaks Drive, Suite 100, Sacramento, CA 95833 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Robert Anderson Alfred E. Alquist Seismic Safety Commission 1755 Creekside Oaks Drive, Suite 100, Sacramento, CA 95833 Publisher: Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online Issn: 1558-9161 Print Issn: 1078-7275 © 2014 Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (2014) 20 (4): 404. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.20.4.404 Article history First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Robert Anderson; Early Warning for Geological Disasters: Scientific Methods and Current Practice. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 2014;; 20 (4): 404. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.20.4.404 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyEnvironmental & Engineering Geoscience Search Advanced Search Early Warning for Geological Disasters is a compendium of papers on earthquake and tsunami early warning along with a paper on volcano monitoring and landslide monitoring. The earthquake early warning papers are the most numerous and are from around the world. The papers on earthquake early warning vary from highly technical in nature to ones discussing the value of early warning and the use of earthquake early warning in decision making. This suite of papers does not include privately-operated early warning systems from anywhere. Several of the authors talk about Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) systems based accelerometers for use... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

A case study in national library innovation

The British Library’s GBP 33m Newspaper Programme, which is now nearing completion, was established to address a range of legacy issues associated with ensuring the long term storage, preservation and access to the UK’s national newspaper collection, one of the largest and most comprehensive newspaper collections anywhere in the world with more than 750 million pages of newspapers spanning more than three centuries. The programme has delivered a purpose-built state-of-the-art storage facility, with a fully automated retrieval system and full temperature and humidity control, that will enable the British Library’s print newspaper collections to be kept in archival standard conditions for the first time ever. A new service proposition – the Newsroom – has been created at St Pancras which will, through a combination of collecting and connecting and by combining traditional print and microfilm newspaper content with television and radio broadcast news recordings and with web news into an integrated offering, transform the traditional newspaper reading room concept into a hub for news and media. Increased digitization will both enable online access and protect the original newsprint from further wear and tear. The paper reports on a number of innovative solutions which have been adopted in taking the Newspaper Programme forward – in particular in relation to digitization funding models, storage solutions, onsite service provision, and accessibility – and as such it provides a case study in national library innovation.

Exploring the Digitizing Immigrant Letters Project as a Teaching Tool

FOR THIS FORUM on teaching, we show how we use letters sent between migrants and non-migrants in the classroom for an undergraduate interdisciplinary course on gender and international migration. Our scope is to identify some of the ways in which students can study digitally accessible letters along with other biographical material (photographs, manuscripts, and videos) for discussing in class the interaction between gender dynamics and migration experiences. A further goal of ours is to enhance students’ appreciation of issues related to the access and preservation of historical documents, and explore the efficacy of using migrant correspondence as a viable online source for studying past migration movements. The Immigration History Research Center (IHRC) at the University of Minnesota is home to one of the largest collections of books, newspapers, archival sources, personal papers, and other documents related to immigrants and refugees who settled in the United States after 1848, with a majority of materials produced between 1880 and 1980. Recently, the IHRC began to digitize immigrant letters as part of the Digitizing Immigrant Letters (DIL) project that was initiated in 2009 by the IHRC director, Donna Gabaccia; Lead Scholar Sonia Cancian; and IHRC Curator Daniel Necas. Many of the documents they and their team of librarians; curators; and postdoctoral, graduate, and undergraduate students selected, transcribed, translated, and digitized consist of letters that were sent to and from immigrants. The letters included in the DIL project come from thirteen different families; much of the correspondence was written in the first half of the twentieth century. Many of the digitized collections include original manuscripts, audio readings, and photographs; some include short video documentaries. English translations are provided for all of the letters, in addition to contextualized descriptions for the individual collections and their letter writers. By providing a transcription (in some cases, from Cyrillic to the Roman alphabet) and translation of the original texts, the DIL’s letter collections immediately became accessible to a global audience of English-speaking students, teachers,

Crowdsourcing the World’s Cultural Heritage in Internet

The Article introduces the use of Crowdsourcing method in creation of California Digital Newspaper Collection and Cambridge Public Library (USA). There are presented the results of study conducted in February-March, 2013 among the users of these Libraries.

Information: A Personal Synthesis

This article is an attempt to capture, in a reasonable space, some of the major developments and currents of thought in information theory and the relations between them. I have particularly tried to include changes in the views of key authors in the field. The domains addressed range from mathematical-categorial, philosophical and computational approaches to systems, causal-compositional, biological and religious approaches and messaging theory. I have related key concepts in each domain to my non-standard extension of logic to real processes that I call Logic in Reality (LIR). The result is not another attempt at a General Theory of Information such as that of Burgin, or a Unified Theory of Information like that of Hofkirchner. It is not a compendium of papers presented at a conference, more or less unified around a particular theme. It is rather a highly personal, limited synthesis which nonetheless may facilitate comparison of insights, including contradictory ones, from different lines of inquiry. As such, it may be an example of the concept proposed by Marijuan, still little developed, of the recombination of knowledge. Like the best of the work to which it refers, the finality of this synthesis is the possible contribution that an improved understanding of the nature and dynamics of information may make to the ethical development of the information society.

The Digitized Newspaper Collections as the National Heritage of the Russian Federation

Current issues of digitization of newspapers' collections are in the focus of this topic. There is discussed sharing of responsibilities on digitization of newspapers, selection of criteria and digitization priorities. Particularly, the determination of the scanning method (in the library or outsourced) and the solutions for the best representation of newspapers: as artifacts or as information set, are of great importance. There is provided the detailed analysis of the activities of federal and regional libraries, newspapers publishers and commercial information centers, dealing with digitization of the national printed newspapers. The emphasis was made to the problems of practical protection of copyright and intellectual property in digitization of the periodicals and in the usage of these materials by institutions, including libraries.

Chronicles in Preservation: Preserving Digital News and Newspapers

AbstractSince the mid-1990s, libraries and archives have been digitizing newspapers for preservation and access. The standards used for this work have evolved significantly. Today’s collections employ digitization, metadata extraction and standards, and file formats that are different from those used for early collections. Increasingly, libraries and archives also include borndigital material. Given the importance of newspapers as primary documents of history, libraries and archives must preserve their digitized and born-digital collections carefully. The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)1 has funded the Chronicles in Preservation project to study the preservation readiness of digital newspaper collections. Led by the Educopia Institute (www.educopia.org), the project has brought together seven academic libraries in the U.S. and three distributed digital preservation (DDP) systems-MetaArchive, Chronopolis, and the University of North Texas’s Coda repository. These partners are accomplishing a range of activities. First, they investigated community standards, specifications, and practices for digital newspaper collections and distilled this information into a set of Guidelines for Digital Newspaper Preservation Readiness. Second, they exported collections from libraries and ingested them into the DDP systems, documenting these test exchanges in a Comparative Anaysis of Distributed Digital Frameworks. Finally, the project is augmenting a set of existing digital preservation tools to simplify the packaging and exchange of digital newspaper collections. This paper provides a walkthrough of the structure and contents of the Guidelines for Preservation Readiness of Digital Newspapers, shares the evaluative metrics for the Comparative Analysis of Distributed Digital Preservation Frameworks, and discusses the implementations of the interoperability tools.

The newspaper Slovenec in Slovenian libraries:possibilities of conservation-restoration treatment and reproduction

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the research was to gain an overview of the holdings of Slovenec in Slovenian libraries and to state the uniqueness of its original binding kept by the libraryof the Institute of Contemporary History in Ljubljana (hereafter referred to asthe INZ). The article treats the question whether it is reasonable to conserve and restorethe newspaper collection or to convert the microfilm version into digital form. The daily newspaper Slovenec was published in Ljubljana between the years 1873 and 1945 and between 1991 and 1996. It is considered to be an important part of Slovenian national and cultural heritage. The research encompasses only copies published between the years 1873 and 1945. The results are presented in two parts. The first part focuses on the condition of the newspaper collection in Slovenian libraries, whereas the second part focuses on copies kept by INZ. The article brings data on their number and condition, major damages and storage, as well as on their use and accessibility. Detailed description of the newspaper condition includes only copies kept by INZ. The research proved that only two collections are complete (one kept by the Nationaland University Library in Ljubljana and the other one kept by INZ) and that the collection kept by INZ is unique. It was also established that a great deal of copies kept by individual libraries are damaged, however it is possible to digitize them. Damages are mostly due to heavy use, unsuitable storage conditions and poor quality of the materials. That is why paper edition should be appropriately preserved and conserved consequently the newspaper should be available in a more user-friendly form.

The Social Uses of Classroom Cinema

This is a history of the Progressive Education Association’s Human Relations (HR) film series at Benjamin Franklin High School in East Harlem, New York City, from 1936 to 1955. Craig Kridel’s groundbreaking research on the HR film series has shown that this project was created by progressive educationalist Alice V. Keliher and leftist filmmakers who secured underwriting from the Rockefeller Foundation and permission from the film industry to cull excerpts for educational use. Studying archival documents from the manuscript collection of Franklin principal Leonard Covello, historical newspapers and film journals, Alice Keliher’s memos to Rockefeller Center officers, and staff filmmakers’ memoirs and biographies, I provide insight into how this film curriculum intersected with other progressive projects at the school, which included civic education, community activism, and diversity education. By looking closely at qualitative evidence of students’ voices in these records, I also tackle questions of youth reception, particularly regarding the role of social class, ethnicity, and locality on teenagers’ engagement with HR films. As both a history of educational film and a reception history, my study is situated within new historiographical trends that underline the significance of larger structures of power and discourse on the work of film.

Farm, Field and Fireside Agricultural Newspaper Collection

Farm, Field and Fireside Agricultural Newspaper Collection

Rubrike u osječkim novinama od sredine 19. do sredine 20. stoljeća

Cilj je rada prikazati razvoj rubrika u osječkim novinama tijekom druge polovice 19. i prve polovice 20. stoljeća. Rad se usredotočuje na formiranje, razvoj i oblikovanje rubrika, tj. na njihov smještaj, nazive, promjene naziva, ritam promjena, grafička i tipografska rješenja i sl. Istraživanje je provedeno u Hemeroteci muzeja Slavonije u Osijeku, a na temelju dvaju kriterija, duljine izlaženja i kulturne važnosti, za analizu su odabrane sljedeće novine: „Die Drau“, „Slavonische Presse“, „Narodna (Hrvatska) obrana“ i „Hrvatski list“. Istraživanjem je dokazano da novinske rubrike u tom razdoblju tek sazrijevaju kao koncept organizacije novinskog sadržaja. Njihovi su nazivi grafički najčešće istaknuti kao podnaslovi u sklopu stranice, često vrlo neujednačeno. Mnoge vijesti, posebice važnije, ostaju neraspoređene u rubrikama - rubrike su sadržajni element, a ne način organizacije sadržaja. Često služe tek okupljanju srodnih informacija i pojavljuju se samo kada se skupi dovoljno takvih informacija. Rad inovativno pristupa istraživanju povijesti hrvatskih novina, a uz sam razvoj rubrikacije pokazuje i kako se takvim istraživanjem mogu rekonstruirati opće društvene promjene i njihov odraz u dnevnim novinama, budući da se može pretpostaviti kako se nova rubrika uvodi onda kada su interes ili potreba javnosti za neku temu dovoljno veliki da ona stekne zasebnu rubriku.

Yellow Jack: chaos in Memphis

In the American deep south of the 1870s, yellow fever— often known by the friendlier moniker Yellow Jack— became as regular as the cotton harvest. Accustomed to malaria as a part of life simply to be endured, authorities were slow to react to this new disease, which spread from New Orleans up the Mississippi river every summer. In Fever season: the story of a terrifying epidemic and the people who saved a city, historian Jeanette Keith recounts the immense struggle of the inhabitants of Memphis (TN, USA) in the summer of 1878 as the city was devastated by an outbreak of yellow fever. More than half of Memphis’s 50 000 inhabitants fl ed the city, and, of those who remained, more than 5000 died. Using a rich collection of letters, newspapers, and diaries, Keith intertwines the lives of prominent fi gures and ordinary citizens who faced the chaos, against a backdrop of the social, racial, and political divisions left after the US Civil War. From descriptions of sickrooms spattered with black vomit to tales of starving babies found nursing from their dead mothers, the events are vividly portrayed. While the religious cried “plague” and medics blamed fi lthy streets and miasma, the discovery that the Aedes aegypti mosquito carried yellow fever was decades away. Just as now, the fever’s incurability meant patients’ best hope was to be skilfully nursed, creating martyrs among nuns, doctors, and brothel madams alike who remained or even came to Memphis to lend assistance. Keith relays the actions of individuals who attempted to control the epidemic, maintain order, and ease the suff ering of the sick, alongside those of people who deserted their families or looted homes. Tales of heroism and villainy emerge from the records, often from the least expected parties. Occasionally weighed down by the large number of characters and back stories, Fever season‘s wealth of detail nonetheless succeeds in creating a vivid image of the Memphis of 1878, its pre-existing problems, and the how tables were turned and fortunes changed by the epidemic. Keith’s suggestion early in the book that a new deadly and incurable disease could emerge and wreak similar havoc in the modern world is one that will weigh heavily on readers’ minds long after they have fi nished reading.

Managing newspaper collections in public universities in Ghana

This study was to find out how state-owned or public universities in Ghana are managing their newspaper collections, from acquisition, processing, preservation to dissemination of newspaper information. The study was also to find out challenges encountered and offer recommendations. Data was collected from the eight public university libraries in Ghana using a questionnaire. Copies of the questionnaire were e-mailed to the libraries outside Accra whilst those in Accra were hand delivered. The study found that the numbers of newspapers acquired by the libraries vary but activities concerning their management were similar. The only method of preserving the collection was by binding. None of the libraries was digitizing their collection and it was only one library that adopted electronic means of indexing the newspaper information. All the activities undertaken by the libraries in managing their newspaper collections (except indexing done by one library electronically) were done manually. It is hoped that the findings will inform and encourage the libraries to pool together their efforts and resources to adopt modern methods of preservation (for example digitizing) and managing the newspaper information for easy accessibility.