New Types Of Services Research Articles

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫХ КОМПАНИЙ

Marketing activity of telecommunication companies of the Republic of Tajikistan in conditions of market relations development taking into account factors influencing this process has been investigated. Ways to increase the competitiveness of services provided and trends in the development of types of services that contribute to the effective use of existing networks of telecommunications companies have been studied. The functions of marketing service in the direction of analysis of trends of development of telecommunication market, including analysis of demand for new types of competitive services, are considered. Analysis and evaluation of the marketing activity efficiency for the introduction of new types of services was carried out, taking into account the capacity of existing networks of telecommunications companies. The dynamics of tariff revenues characterizing the provision of communication services of the regional national telecom operator of the Republic of Tajikistan was analyzed. Positive dynamics of growth of tariff revenues of individual branches of the national telecom operator of the Republic of Tajikistan providing services to provide access to the Internet using ADSL technology was noted. Fundamental and additional tasks, as well as general functions of marketing activities of telecommunication companies in market economy are considered. A method of comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the marketing service of telecommunications companies has been proposed, which allows you to comprehensively evaluate marketing in three areas: financial results of marketing, organization of marketing, communication with consumers. This methodology is aimed at determining the results of the marketing service for each type of services provided separately, as a result of which it is possible to evaluate the costeffectiveness of providing a separate type of telecommunication services. We studied the work of other academic economists who studied marketing activities, as well as issues of assessing the effectiveness of services provided.

Neurosciences and Wireless Networks: The Potential of Brain-Type Communications and Their Applications

This paper presents the first comprehensive tutorial on a promising research field located at the frontier of two well-established domains, neurosciences and wireless communications, motivated by the ongoing efforts to define the Sixth Generation of Mobile Networks (6G). In particular, this tutorial first provides a novel integrative approach that bridges the gap between these two seemingly disparate fields. Then, we present the state-of-the-art and key challenges of these two topics. In particular, we propose a novel systematization that divides the contributions into two groups, one focused on what neurosciences will offer to future wireless technologies in terms of new applications and systems architecture (Neurosciences for Wireless Networks), and the other on how wireless communication theory and next-generation wireless systems can provide new ways to study the brain (Wireless Networks for Neurosciences). For the first group, we explain concretely how current scientific understanding of the brain would enable new applications within the context of a new type of service that we dub brain-type communications and that has more stringent requirements than human- and machine-type communication. In this regard, we expose the key requirements of brain-type communication services and discuss how future wireless networks can be equipped to deal with such services. Meanwhile, for the second group, we thoroughly explore modern communication systems paradigms, including Internet of Bio-Nano Things and wireless-integrated brain-machine interfaces, in addition to highlighting how complex systems tools can help bridging the upcoming advances of wireless technologies and applications of neurosciences. Brain-controlled vehicles are then presented as our case study to demonstrate for both groups the potential created by the convergence of neurosciences and wireless communications, probably in 6G. In summary, this tutorial is expected to provide a largely missing articulation between neurosciences and wireless communications while delineating concrete ways to move forward in such an interdisciplinary endeavor.

Optimisation of optical burst switched networks using multi-objective BAT algorithm

There is a growing demand for OBS (optical burst switching) networks, which is based on the concept of providing switching of data bursts without any intermediate switching and O/E/O conversions. The OBS technology is very economical and flexible to create new definitions for networking processes. OBS networks can also help in creating several types of new services which involve more bandwidth usage. The present research paper focuses on the OBS network and its benefits. The major problems of burst contention and congestion control using OBS networks are addressed in this research. In this paper, a possible solution to burst contention and congestion control is presented by the use of an algorithm, called BAT algorithm. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved using a multi-objective BAT algorithm (MOBA). The proposed algorithm presented effective results to maximise the traffic demand, burst loss ratio minimisation, and reduction in overall burst block probability.

Конкурентоспроможність підприємства: сутність і підходи до визначення

The article is aimed at generalizing the views of various scholars on the essence of the concept of «competitiveness» and allocating the properties and factors that characterize the competitiveness of enterprise. In modern conditions of economic development, of particular importance are the theoretical foundations of the conception of competitiveness, which should be based on the comprehensive approach and should be considered by means of this approach. The concept of «competitiveness» derives from the concept of «competition», which acts as an element of the market mechanism for regulating supply and demand; as a form of interaction between economic actors in the market; as an economic rivalry of individual producers for market share and receipt of an order; finally, as a mechanism for regulating the proportions of public production. In order to successfully operate in conditions of high competition in the market and to maintain the necessary level of competitiveness, enterprises and organizations master new types of services, introduce new forms of business, stimulate their employees and fight for the involvement of each client. When planning its activities, a company takes into account not only the needs of customers, but also the strategies of competitors. Based on the information obtained during the study of competition conditions, the company’s development strategy in the market is largely formed, and the general strategy of the enterprise goes the same way. Thus, a positive result in competition is achieved as a natural result of constant and competent management efforts. How positive this result will be depends largely on the competitiveness of the enterprise. The article discusses the essence of the concept of «competitiveness» as an economic category, analyzes various approaches to the definition of this concept and carries out an analysis of competitiveness of enterprise. Competitiveness is an important element concerning entering the market and keeping the enterprise’s positions at the market, especially in the context of pandemic and quarantine, so the topic under research is very relevant nowadays.

МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЄКТІВ РОЗВИТКУ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТУРИЗМУ В УКРАЇНІ

In the context of the deepening systemic crisis in the functioning of the passenger railway transport complex in Ukraine, there is an urgent need to optimize its activities and diversify its service portfolio. Taking into account the world experience in the development of railway companies and taking into account the development of the railway network and the significant tourist potential of the country, the introduction of railway tourism services is proposed as a promising direction for the development of the passenger complex of railway transport in Ukraine. The article considers the successful practice of developing railway tourism in the world and the domestic experience of implementing projects to activate tourist railway transportation. Taking into account the limited measures implemented by the passenger complex of railway transport for the development of railway tourism in the country, the expediency of identifying promising tools for activating the growth processes of tourist railway transportation in terms of providing a comprehensive service, including both the main (transport service) and the range of related (additional) services, the introduction of which will contribute to increasing the volume of sales of railway tourism services and, accordingly, generating additional financial flows from their provision. Based on this, the author proposed the introduction of new types of services to generate additional income for the passenger complex of railway transport from tourist transportation: hot food services, which will be provided in the classes of trains “luxury”, “standard”, “economy”, and the organization of hotel business at key stations of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsya”. To assess the effectiveness of railway tourism development projects, in particular from the point of view of profitability of their implementation, it is proposed to use an improved formula for calculating additional income from Tourist Railway Passenger Transportation, which includes profitability coefficients for hot food services and hotel accommodation. This methodology is the basis of a methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of railway tourism development projects in Ukraine, which, unlike existing ones, provides for the calculation of a system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of implementing a set of tools aimed at expanding the range of railway transport services and forming personalized service offers for key segments of users of railway tourism services.

OBJECT OF TAXATION UNDER DIGITALIZATION

The article investigates the problem of content change of the concept object of taxation in the Russian tax law on the path to digital economy. The purpose of the article is to analyze the provisions of the Russian tax legislation, international norms, as well as academic literature devoted to identification of certain new goods and phenomena as possible objects of taxation, thus updating the concept of the object of taxation itself. The development of information technologies generates the following unavoidable problems related to the object of taxation concept content, which allows reviving the discussion about the content of this tax and legal category: the impossibility to assess implementation operations as potential tax objects with the help of the classical triad product, work, service; recognition in certain situations (for example, in case of electronic money payment) as the object of taxation is not one, but a set of legal facts (cause of action); the need to establish the object of taxation through the so-called tax relationship between the object and the subject of taxation. In connection with the first problem, the author proposes to unambiguously define in the Tax Code the legal nature of transactions with digital products for tax purposes, treating them as a new type of service. The conclusion is based on the experience of international regulation and suggests supplementing the provisions of the Tax Code in terms of legal regulation of the concept taxation object as well as VAT taxation. The re-search of the second problem leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to clarify the rules of the Tax Code when the counterparties carry out taxable transactions, whose settlements are made with electronic money. In this situation, the object of taxation is not single, but suggests several legal facts-actions of the potential tax-payer. On the third problem the author raises the issues of identification of the taxpayer in case of certifying the taxable transaction by the digital signature analogue. Taking into account international experience, as well as national civil law regulations, it is considered necessary to include provisions on digital certificates and digital signatures in tax legislation.

Development of the service sector in Poland compared to other European Union countries: an extended analysis

Introduction. In the recent years, many changes in the economic transformations that can be treated as evidences of the country’s economic development were observed in the European Union member states. The service sector also experienced many changes. The nature of services is constantly changing, new types of services keep appearing, but at the same time many of them suffer from lack of demand and disappear. The role of services is more and more significant in the socio-economic development as well as in individuals’ lives, hence, this is a relevant issue and should be studied extensively. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the transformations taking place in the services sector in Poland against other European Union countries and to analyze internal changes within the sector. Methods. Taken in this paper attempt to assess the development of the services sector is based on the analysis of the economic indicators, mainly the gross value added and employment rates. The study presents the results of the research on the development of the service sector in years 2009-2019. The directions and scope of changes taking place in particular services sector sections were analyzed. The results of the conducted research show that the determinant of the level of the service sector development is not only its high share in the three-sector structures, but also internal changes observed in the sector itself. The individual sections contribution to the creation of the gross value added and the level of employment vary greatly. The dominant activity among service entities in terms of value added is commercial activity. Moreover, the analysis of the service sector identifies which sections have the greatest impact on the service sector development. These sections include: wholesale and retail trade, transport and warehouse management, as well as professional, scientific and technical activities. Conclusion. Based on the research, it was found that the share of the service sector in the structures of economies of highly developed countries is prevailing. It is indicated by the increase in employment in this sector, the growing share in the creation of gross value added, as well as the number of service enterprises. The service sector stimulates the development of the economy, and its condition proves the dynamics of social and economic development.

Participant validation: Exploring a contested tool in qualitative research

This paper examines the use of participant validation in qualitative research, and illustrates that the process of validation can be something more than validation. It can also generate new data and provide the participants with empowering experiences. The paper is based on an action research project involving birth parents in the development of new types of services for parents who involuntary have had a child placed in care. In addition to discussing the challenges of participant validation, this paper also highlights the methodological, ethical, and empowering effects of this type of validation.

The essence and significance of services provided by internal affairs agencies for remuneration

The article analyzes the essence and meaning of such concepts as service, work, paid services, activity paid services, and also considers the types of paid services by internal affairs bodies. Also in this direction, the opinions of lawyers and scientific economists on the penetration of new types of services were thoroughly studied, proposals and recommendations were developed.

Dynamic service migration in ultra-dense multi-access edge computing network for high-mobility scenarios

The multi-access edge computing (MEC) has higher computing power and lower latency than user equipment and remote cloud computing, enabling the continuing emergence of new types of services and mobile application. However, the movement of users could induce service migration or interruption in the MEC network. Especially for highly mobile users, they accelerate the frequency of services’ migration and handover, impacting on the stability of the total MEC network. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical multi-access edge computing architecture, setting up the infrastructure for dynamic service migration in the ultra-dense MEC networks. Moreover, we propose a new mechanism for users with high mobility in the ultra-dense MEC network, efficiently arranging service migrations for users with high-mobility and ordinary users together. Then, we propose an algorithm for evaluating migrated services to contribute to choose the suitable MEC servers for migrated services. The results show that the proposed mechanism can efficiently arrange service migrations and more quickly restore the services even in the blockage. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm is able to make a supplement to the existing algorithms for selecting MEC servers because it can better reflect the capability of migrated services.

Empreendedorismo: um caminho inovador na Enfermagem

A enfermagem possui de grandes motivos e oportunidades para ter o seu próprio empreendimento. De início, por ser um serviço associado a uma visão nítida e abrangente da realidade, ou seja, uma identificação das carências do gênero humano como um todo. Ainda, pois a enfermagem é qualificada e possui chances para analisar novas áreas no que diz respeito ao social, sem obrigatoriamente submeter-se às lacunas já afiguradas como merecedoras de cuidados em que, em grandes casos, domina a noção de enfermidade. O estudo objetiva analisar a tendência das publicações científicas sobre o empreendedorismo como um caminho inovador na Enfermagem. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a pesquisa foi feita mediante busca online nas bases: Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (MEDLINE) PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Scidentific Eletrônic Library Online (SCIELO), com os descritores: empreendedorismo AND empresários AND empreendedor, empreendedorismo AND iniciativa empresarial AND contrato de risco AND enfermagemAND enfermeiro. Os estudos foram agrupados em duas categorias, de acordo com a similaridade dos mesmos: Motivação do enfermeiro para o empreendedorismo e perfil do enfermeiro empreendedor. Concluindo que, o enfermeiro empreendedor é o indivíduo que identifica oportunidades e de forma inovadora, criativa, consegue criar algo novo, seja de valor social ou não, calculando riscos e gerando os recursos necessários. A enfermagem possui muitas formas de utilizar seus conhecimentos e elaborar novas modalidades de serviços, construindo o seu próprio empreendimento. O enfermeiro é um profissional que tem como habilidades e competências compreendidas e desenvolvidas em sua formação. Existe ainda a necessidade do enfermeiro agir de modo diferenciado frente à possibilidade de ingresso no mercado de trabalho, ou nas situações já vivenciadas.

Customizable Scale-Out Key-Value Stores

Enterprise KV stores are often not well suited for HPC applications, and thus cumbersome end-to-end KV design customization is required to meet the needs of modern HPC applications. To this end, in this article we present bespoKV, an adaptive, extensible, and scale-out KV store framework. bespoKV decouples the KV store design into the control plane for distributed management and the data plane for local data store. For the control plane, bespoKVprovides pre-built modules, called controlets, supporting common distributed functionalities (e.g., replication, consistency, and topology) and their various combinations. This decoupling allows bespoKV to take a user-provided single-server KV store, called a datalet, and transparently enables a scalable and fault-tolerant distributed KV store service. The resulting distributed stores are also adaptive to consistency or topology requirement changes and can be easily extended for new types of services. Such specializations enable innovative uses of KV stores in HPC applications, especially for emerging applications that utilize KV-friendly workloads. We evaluate bespoKV in a local testbed as well as in a public cloud settings. Experiments show that bespoKV-enabled distributed KV stores scale horizontally to a large number of nodes, and performs comparably and sometimes 1.2× to 2.6× better than the state-of-the-art systems.

DEVELOPMENT OF ODESSA SEA PORT IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF THE PORT AND LOGISTICS CENTER: SOCIAL AND GEOGRAPHIC ASPECTS

Problem Statement and Purpose. The article presents the socio-geographical characteristics of the development of the Odessa seaport as one of the largest Ukrainian seaports. The purpose of the study was to characterize the Odessa port, to consider the main features of its functioning and development trends, the relationship with the port-logistics and general economic system of the Odessa region.Data & Methods. Sources of information for the study were statistical materials, scientific, literary and journalistic sources. Methodological basis of the study were the provisions of social geography, economics, logistics, law. Descriptive, comparative-geographical, historical, statistical methods of research were used when writing the articles.Results. The city of Odessa was founded as a port due to its favorable seaside location. The port of Odessa has a developed port economy, and it is currently the leader in container cargo processing in Ukraine, and it also processes ferrous metals, grain, oil and petroleum products and other goods. Now, unfortunately, the port loses in terms of cargo turnover not only to the world and foreign Black Sea ports, but also to other seaports of Ukraine. This was influenced by both unfavorable external geo­political and geo-economic factors, as well as inefficient domestic port policy. The port of Odessa acts as an important component of the integrated port-logistics system of the region, consequently, this determines the principles of its further perspective development. The prospective development of the Odessa port and logistics center is connected with the preservation of the traditional structure of cargo turnover, as well as with the attraction of new types of cargo, new regular connections on international lines, new types of services, improvement of the port and market infrastructure, de­velopment of the passenger complex. For further successful development it is also necessary to address urgent organizational and legal issues of port activity, and it is extremely important to further develop the types of economic activities arising on the basis of the port economy.

Класифікація фінансових посередників та їх роль на фінансових ринках

The paper is devoted to the issues of the study of the nature of financial intermediaries in terms of their role in financial markets and their types existing in different regions of the world. The place of financial intermediaries among other participants of the financial market is considered, it is described what positive effect they allow to achieve to other entities who use their services. The types of services they provide are outlined, as well as the new types of services of financial intermediaries beginning to be in demand. The American, European and Ukrainian models of classification of financial intermediaries are analyzed and logical connections between the variety of types and types of financial intermediaries, which are represented in the financial market of a certain region and the level of its development, are found. It is found out how classifications can be changed as a result of the development of certain types of financial intermediaries on the example of changing classifications in American economics. The key differences in the American and European classifications are highlighted and their reasons are substantiated. The paper analyzes the financial intermediaries, which are insufficiently developed in Ukraine in comparison with the American and European markets. The other classifications are also provided that may be useful in the process of analyzing the activities of financial intermediaries. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further study of the nature of financial intermediaries in the development of state policies to regulate the financial market of Ukraine and in the development of bills that determine the legal status of financial intermediaries in Ukraine.

Characterization of error events and design of a robust receiver for PRACH detection

In wireless cellular networks a user equipment can be scheduled for uplink transmission only if the timing is correctly synchronized. Hence, a dedicated channel must be established, i.e. the Physical Random-Access Channel (PRACH), which has a key role as interface between the non-synchronized users’ equipment and the uplink orthogonal transmission scheme. Due to the stringent requirements in terms of delay and influence of noise and multipath fading on the signal detection, the design of a robust PRACH receiver is a critical issue. Moreover, with the introduction of new type of services in fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) systems, such as ultra-reliable low-latency communications or machine-type communications, and with the need for mechanisms that are able to dynamically adapt to the changing environment, the design of a robust PRACH receiver is a priority but, at the same time, it opens the way to the development of new solutions. The performance of preamble detection in PRACH worsens when channels become more time dispersive. In order to guarantee an acceptable performance for most of users in a cell, in this paper we provide an improved PRACH receiver design that reduces the combined effect of different error events that determine the total missed detection probability. Considering the difficulty of achieving an accurate detection in some scenarios, a new robust three-step approach is proposed to overcome the issues of conventional PRACH signal detection. It is shown that the proposed approach outperforms the traditional peak detection one when the time-dispersion of the channel increases. The benefits of the proposed solution are demonstrated by means of Monte Carlo simulations.

Цифровизация экономики сферы услуг: преимущества и угрозы

Recently, the number of businesses using digital technologies has increased. The service sector is no exception. The article is devoted to the use of digital technologies in the service sector. The authors reviewed the advantages and threats of digitalization. As a result of the analysis, the concept of “digital economy” and “service sector” is clarified, and the need for digitalization is justified. The advantages obtained through the use of innovative technologies, both for the industry and for individual enterprises, are indicated. In relation to the industry, this will include: the use of new business models and forms of doing business; increasing the availability and promotion of services on the market up to the world; the emergence of new types of services; the use of control systems that replace humans. As a result of the analysis, the concept of “digital economy” and “service sector” has been clarified, and the need for digitalization is justified. For a single service enterprise, the benefits of implementing digital technologies can be expressed in: reaching the optimal consumer segment; determining the customer’s need for certain services; designing more flexible services; improving the quality of service by improving control of business processes; minimizing the time for services to enter the market; reducing costs by accelerating business processes; minimizing costs; increasing the availability of services through the dissemination of information in social networks; eliminating intermediaries in the delivery of services to the consumer and reducing costs, reducing the number of personnel performing routine operations. Digitalization provides not only the benefits but also pose a threat. These include various types of fraudulent schemes, an underdeveloped regulatory framework, a reduction in the number of employees, and changes in the labor market. As a result, there are increasing requirements for planning at the strategic, tactical and operational levels. Otherwise, the benefits of implementing digital technologies may be lost

Muzeum i nowe media. Rozwój oferty cyfrowej w czasie pandemii

Museum and new media. Development of the digital offer in the time of the pandemic This article outlines the results of studies analysing the activity of museums around the world during the period of limited cultural activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of these unprecedented circumstances, virtually all activities of museums have been transferred to the digital reality of the Internet and premised on the functionalities offered by the new media. Even though the existence of relationships between museums and the media is not a new development, its intensity during the pandemic reached unprecedented levels. Furthermore, during the pandemic, there emerged new types of services offered by museums, and they will likely remain a permanent fixture of their offer. Notably, such a broadened offer significantly increases the educational potential of museums and directly relates to the demand for lifelong learning.

Changing Behavioral Patterns in Grocery Shopping in the Initial Phase of the Covid-19 Crisis—A Qualitative Study of News Articles

Covid-19, as both a health and an economic crisis, has substantially affected consumers, businesses, industries, and nations in all parts of the world. In this study the aim was to identify trends in consumers’ changing behavioral patterns in grocery shopping in the initial phase of the Covid-19 crisis by conducting a qualitative inductive analysis of news articles on the topic in Finland. Six thematic consumer reactions were identified: 1) Panic-buying, 2) Changes in cooking behavior, 3) Increased sensitivity towards the shopping environment, 4) Switch to online grocery shopping, 5) Increased interest for new services and 6) Careless in-store behavior. The study showed that initially consumers expressed some extreme behaviors, which, however, subsided relatively fast. Importantly, the study gave clear indications that consumers started shifting to online grocery shopping, which may induce more fundamental and enduring changes in grocery retail. Furthermore, the study also suggests that consumers’ increased interest in new types of services is probably here to stay, fueling further innovations. Suggestions for further research are also discussed.

Localization of network service performance degradation in multi-tenant networks

Modern network services are in most cases virtualized and the traffic of various users is multiplexed over the same physical links. Traditional network monitoring methods which predominantly rely on the physical interface monitoring are not sufficient because they do not provide the insight into the behaviour of the traffic in the specific network service instance or per-user service experience. This paper presents NetMon, a framework that gathers performance indicators inside the network service and at the same time allows an efficient spatial performance degradation localization capability. NetMon is technology agnostic and suitable for various network technologies ranging from legacy to the new type of services based on network function virtualization, chaining service functions or programmable network elements. The paper presents an original solution to the problem of scalable active network service monitoring with the capability to distinguish the measurements of different virtual networks. The proposed hybrid monitoring method which mixes the active probing and capturing this probe traffic provides a good trade-off between the granularity of the results and the traffic overhead created by the monitoring system itself. The system was tested in the pan-European GEANT network which connects European research and education infrastructures and showed reliable performance over long periods of time.

Consumer viewpoint on a new kind of energy market

Energy markets are currently evolving due to the rapid digitalization, increasing amount of renewable energy sources, and rapid technology development. Market actors are being forced to adapt their business models to these changes or find new business opportunities. In our earlier work, new change scenarios were identified that reflect the future business potential of Finnish companies in energy domain particularly with respect to demand flexibility, new actor roles, new consumer services and novel activities in a new kind of energy market. The purpose of this paper is to examine the energy consumer viewpoint on these new scenarios. As consumers are becoming more central actors in the energy markets via demand flexibility and new type of services, it is critical to design the solutions in a user-centric way. A consumer survey was conducted to identify consumers’ opinions and attitudes and determine their willingness to participate in the new energy market scenarios. The survey reached a large number of consumers representing a considerable portion of the Finnish population. According to the results, a half of consumers consider the forecasted scenarios as positive changes, but a lot of communication must still be done in order to win the majority support of consumers.