New Types Of Products Research Articles

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННОЙ НАДЕЖНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ С УЧЕТОМ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ

The technical equipment of agricultural production in Russia is characterized by a low level of energy supply. In the regions of the country, where a sharp decrease in technical equipment has been stabilized, there is a decrease in the number of machines that have developed a standard service life. (Research purpose) The research purpose is assessing the operational reliability of agricultural machinery taking into account the regional features of the maintenance system, capital repairs and modernization of machinery. (Materials and methods) It was noted that in the Republic of Bashkortostan, a program is being implemented to subsidize the costs of agricultural producers for capital repairs and modernization of equipment, which has significantly increased the availability factor of tractors and combines while increasing their standard service life. (Results and discussion) It was established that the operational reliability of agricultural machinery is largely ensured taking into account the regional characteristics of the maintenance and repair system, which is determined by the leading and coordinating role of the regional Ministry of Agriculture in the field of state support for the technical service system of agricultural machinery, scientific, technical and personnel policy. The directions of activity of the engineering service of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan have been identified: subsidizing technical service enterprises; development of tools and technologies for maintenance and repair (import substitution); coordination of work for the serial production of new types of equipment; organization of interaction with industrial enterprises; search and development of constructive solutions to improve the design of components and assemblies; creation of zonal service centers by dealers in the territory of supervised regions; advanced training and retraining of engineering personnel; creation of a systematic catalog database data on tractor parts and mobile agricultural machinery; the development of the secondary market and the trade-in system of agricultural machinery. (Conclusions) Measures of influence on the system of maintenance and repair were determined, taking into account regional peculiarities in the field of state support for the system of technical service of agricultural machinery, scientific, technical and personnel policy of the region.

“Green” public procurement mechanism formation: International and domestic experience

The article analyzes the scope of green public procurement based on foreign and domestic experience. Authors note that the main feature of such procurement is the existence of a larger number of criteria amongst which is the environmental criteria which is used in the goods and services suppliers’ assessment process. The purpose of the study is to develop domestic and foreign experience in relation to “green” public procurement. The study predetermines the regulatory framework analysis, as well as different researchers’ opinions on the problems of “green” public procurement from the perspective of Russian and foreign practice. Techniques of analysis, induction, deduction, and abstraction in public sector organizations served as the methodological basis of the study. This study pays considerable attention to the basics of the “green” public procurement system, which are structured and meaningful, but at the same time has flexible points of interaction when organizing procurement activities. Also, more attention was paid to the environmental criteria for products and services procurement. The authors consider the experience of foreign countries, namely the USA and Germany, and also determine the level of development of national “green” public procurement in 2023. The authors emphasize that in the past year, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted a regulatory document that makes it possible to implement the basic principles of resource management when organizing and conducting procurement at both the federal and municipal levels, as well as to effectively use secondary raw materials in certain types of new products. This research made a conclusion that international and domestic experience in implementing “green” public procurement helps to solve a number of problems common in each country.

FORMATION OF AN ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), or business social responsibility, is the enterprise's commitment to responsible practices regarding its products and services, employees, consumers, and partners. The social stance of a company, which emphasizes harmonious coexistence and dialogue with society to address pressing social issues, has only fully developed in the last few decades. Social responsibility should be a discretionary requirement for modern businesses. Unfortunately, in the domestic business environment, CSR does not yet hold a prominent place. This is characterized by a high level of shadow operations. However, in recent years, certain evolutionary processes have been observed in the Ukrainian business environment, which are associated with the general approaches to implementing CSR. CSR has become more systematic. The implementation of CSR can enhance profitability, improve a company's image, reduce costs, and boost employee morale. The promotion of CSR can be facilitated by the use of new technologies, the creation of new types of products, and innovative activities. Consequently, a company’s profits are generated through cost reduction, the formation of new markets for goods or services. This is the path chosen by developed companies, resulting in a higher level of CSR. However, this approach is quite risky for Ukrainian enterprises and requires long-term financial investments. A set of specific CSR principles can be proposed, the implementation of which should align with a system of general principles: transparency, systematicity, relevance, and partnership. A company has the right to call itself socially responsible when it operates according to these principles.

М.А. Длугач – забытый «генерал промышленности»

Moses Abramovich Dlugach is one of those wartime leaders who are called Generals of Industry: a metallurgical engineer, director of the largest machine-building enterprises, and a highranking party organizer. Despite the bright mark left by M.A. Dlugach in Leningrad (1940-42) and the Urals (1943), the available information about his career is very fragmentary, and some data are false. The purpose of the publication is to reconstruct the life and work path of the honored industry figure, evaluate his contribution to the cause of Victory, and show the features of the USSR industry management in the 1940s using the work of M.A. Dlugach as an example.. The publication is based on materials from the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of St. Petersburg: personal files of leaders, memos on the organization of production and evacuation from Leningrad, and transcripts of speeches. For five years M.A. Dlugach worked his way up from a foundry technician to the sectoral secretary of the Leningrad City Communist Party Committee. With the outbreak of the war, a significant share of responsibility for organizing the production of new types of weapons fell on his shoulders. After the evacuation of the tank and artillery production of the Kirov Plant, carried out under his leadership, M.A. Dlugach headed the remaining dispersed in the city workshops of the enterprise, being the Kirov Plant Director from the end of 1941 to the beginning of 1943. In 1943, he headed the Chelyabinsk Kirov Plant for about six months, and was later transferred to Chirchik. As the Director of the Chirchik plant Sredazkhimmash, he took part in the implementation of the Nuclear Project. Upon returning to Leningrad in 1948, he no longer held high positions, returning to the profession of a metallurgical engineer. At the peak of his career, M.A. Dlugach invariably found himself in the most important areas of work - he was responsible for the Leningrad mechanical engineering, for the production of tanks in the Urals and of heavy water for nuclear reactors. Contribution of M.A. Dlugach to maintaining the defense capability of the USSR should not be forgotten.

“They look better on the breasts”: Advertisement, sexuality, and the bra business in postsocialist Poland

This article examines the 1990s transition from socialism to capitalism in Poland through the lens of the changing market of underwear. Based on oral history interviews, archival research of bra production companies, as well as an analysis of contemporary press reports, I examine how the integration of the Polish economy into the global capitalist system post 1989 influenced its sexual culture. This article shows how the end of the public sector’s monopoly on the production of underwear and the rise of the private sector introduced new form of bras that were codified as sexual by the media and manufacturers themselves. These new types of products mimicked Western European brands, distancing themselves from the socialist era underwear, and incorporated new technology designed to model and discipline female bodies. Through a deep analysis of a 1996 article on the bra business from The Electoral Gazette [Gazeta Wyborcza], the biggest daily newspaper in Poland, I show how the liberal media were ambivalent to such changes and portrayed it as differences between generations of women in the face of calls for stricter censorship from conservative politicians and the Catholic Church.

The Development and Adaptation of a Predictive Model of Full-Factor Optimisation of the Basic Probiotic Fermented Dairy Product Technological Process

Introduction: In the conditions of rapidly developing markets and the increasing needs of the population for new types of products with long shelf life, there is a need to expand their range, further improve their quality and biological value, and modernize traditional technologies. The main means of achieving these goals is to increase the efficiency and quality of scientific research and accelerate the introduction of scientific achievements in industry. The latter will make adjustments to accelerate the development of effective technologies of whole-milk products. The use of new methods of experiment planning in order to optimize technological processes will reduce the duration of research on the creation of new types of products.Purpose: The article is devoted to the research related to the development and adaptation of a predictive (mathematical) model for optimization of the technological process of probiotic fermented dairy product production. This approach will allow to ensure the design of a certain set of formulations for probiotic fermented dairy product, in which the relative biological value (RBV) will correspond to the maximum value at satisfactory given process parameters.Materials and Methods: The objects of research were: probiotic fermented dairy product manufactured in accordance with the developed mathematical model of the process. The search of specialized literature was carried out using electronic databases: E-library, Scopus, MDPI, Science Direct. Mathematical processing of experimental data for the development of the probiotic fermented dairy product model was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 (Microsoft Corporation, Ink.) with the "Solution Search" add-in, as well as specialized software packages TableCurve 2D v.5.01 (SYSTAT Software, Ink.) and Wolfram Mathematica 10.2 (Wolfram Research, Ink.).Results: A mathematical model for optimization of the technological process of probiotic fermented dairy product production was developed. A full-factor experiment (FFE) was conducted, in which the mass fraction of sucrose ( , %) and fat-protein index (r) - the ratio of the mass fraction of fat to the mass fraction of protein in the normalized mixture in the intervals from 0 to 10 and from 0 to 1.5%, respectively, were taken as independent factors. RBV was taken as the resultant factor. Based on the results of the research, a refined mathematical description of the dependence of RBV indicator on the mass fraction of sucrose and fat-protein index was obtained. The set of data on the influence of the mass fraction of sucrose on the dynamics of local maximum of RBV and the dynamics of the corresponding values of the mass fraction of fat showed that the maximum of RBV equal to 244.866% corresponded to the mass fraction of sucrose equal to 7.31%. The latter corresponded to the optimum fat-protein index of 1.241. In order to ensure maximum RBV, the lower limit of the mass fraction of fat had to correspond to 3.475%. The analysis of the FFE data showed the presence of additional corrective factors of RBV indicator dependence on fat and protein mass fraction indices. To refine the developed model taking into account additional factors, a correction factor (Q) was introduced into it.Conclusion: Approbation of the optimization model of the technological process of probiotic fermented dairy product production and the obtained mathematical dependencies can serve as a criterion for the formation of a set of formulations for the production of sugar-containing fermented dairy products with a high potential of relative biological value. It should be taken into account that the definition area of this approach is limited in terms of mass fraction of fat in the range from 0.06 to 4.84% and mass fraction of protein - from 2.8 to 3.9%. With this approach (model development) it is possible to analyze promising modes for the studied process, which in real conditions at the experimental stage are not always possible to obtain. The development of this model will significantly reduce the duration of research on the optimization of the technological process.

Technical and economic assessment of the repair of weapons and military equipment’s repair.

The analysis of divisions and military units’ use in the course of hostilities during the Russian-Ukrainian war allows us to state that one of the main factors that affects the success in completing tasks is the availability of operational samples of weapons and military equipment. At the same time, one of the main sources of serviceable samples of weapons and military equipment being received by units (military units) in the course of hostilities is their return from stationary and mobile repair and restoration military units (units) after carrying out measures to restore them. Accordingly, during the restoration of damaged samples of weapons and military equipment, spare parts, assemblies, aggregates, component equipment, etc. are consumed, that must be purchased from manufacturers, which led to financial and economic costs. Therefore, the work proposes a methodical approach to evaluating the economic efficiency of repairing samples of weapons and military equipment. This approach takes into account two directions: financial and economic costs for the repair of weapons and military equipment in stationary conditions and in mobile repair and restoration military units (subunits). During the repair of weapons and military equipment in stationary conditions, the main financial costs will be directed to: the basic salary of repair specialists, basic materials, spare parts, workshop overheads, general overheads, costs for the development of new types of products and special costs. And during the repair of weapons and military equipment in repair and restoration military units (units), the main costs will be directed to the purchase of new parts, assemblies, units, the cost of depreciation of equipment, the cost of maintaining the personnel of repair specialists, the average cost of the operational kit.

К вопросу технико-экономической оценки эффективности функционирования технологии приготовления кормовых продуктов с использованием соево-зерновых композиционных смесей

Finding the most profitable economic ways is associated with providing farm animals with the necessary amount of nutrients in their feed rations. By reducing feed costs and using plant resources in the Far East, it is possible to reduce the cost of livestock products and increase their competitiveness. One such plant resource is soybean. Soybeans and soy products increase their productivity and also help maintain this industry at a high level. The rational use of soybean grain and its processed products is associated not only with the presence of protein, minerals, fat and vitamins in its composition, but it is also necessary to ensure an increase in the palatability of soybeans and the bioavailability of protein. It is possible to increase animal productivity by using soybean products in diets. After analyzing the literature, a generalized structural and functional diagram of the process of preparing feed products using soybean-grain compositions was compiled During the research, the economic efficiency of the production of new types of feed products and a model for technical and economic assessment of efficiency were determined. Keywords: SOY-GRAIN COMPOSITE MIXTURES, HIGH-PROTEIN FEED PRODUCTS

Research in the field of diversification of product of chrysotile industry - metallurgy and production of mineral fiber

The article considers the issue of resource conservation and integrated development of deposits, involvement in the processing of such ore rocks as gabbro-diabase Bazhenov deposit, this has reduced the environmental burden and the costs of dumping and reclamation. Melting of Bazhenov gabbro-diabase makes it possible for the industry to obtain a new product ― basalt (stone) wool. It is a good heat- and sound-proof, fireproof material for the construction industry, on its basis a unique hydroponic substrate is produced with its wide application in agriculture.. Increasing the complexity of processing mineral resources is an opportunity to receive additional profit for the enterprise due to new types of products.

Comparison of cashew nuts, pistachios, and hazelnuts according to nutritional, biological, and physiological values when justifying the development of new product types

Empirical studies of the chemical composition of nuts and systematization of the obtained data on cashew nuts, hazelnuts, and pistachios were carried out in order to develop new types of products. It has been shown that the fat fractions of cashew nuts, hazelnuts, and pistachios are comparable to oilseeds used for the extraction of vegetable oil. Cashew kernels have an SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratio of 1:3:1, pistachio kernels — 1:4.3:2.5, and hazelnut kernels — 1:10:1.8. PUFAs are represented by ω-6 fatty acids; there are no ω-3 fatty acids and trans isomers. In terms of protein content, nut kernels (cashews — 18 g, hazelnuts — about 16g, pistachios — 20 g) are not inferior to complete protein sources. The comparison of amino acid scores with the amino acid composition of the reference protein (FAO) has shown that the pistachio nut mass corresponds to a complete protein in amino acid composition, while cashews and hazelnuts have one limiting amino acid — lysine. The carbohydrate part of nuts is represented by dietary fi ber, starch, and sugars. A distinctive feature of pistachio nuts is their higher carbohydrate content (27.5 g), as well as the presence of maltose. Hazelnuts, pistachios, and cashews are high in dietary fiber. Introducing nuts into the diet of healthy people has demonstrated that each nut promotes the development of diff erent phyla of the microbiome.

Recent Progress on the Zweifel Olefination: An Update

AbstractOver the past several decades, the Zweifel olefination has emerged as one of the most powerful and reliable tools for constructing C–C double bonds. This reaction features high efficiency, good versatility, avoids the use of transition metals, and typically affords perfect stereospecificity, making it superior to many other olefination methods. Since Aggarwal’s summary of the 50-year history of the Zweifel olefination in 2017, remarkable achievements have been made in terms of employing new organometallic species, performing reactions through electrochemical or photochemical pathways, and developing methods that furnish new types of products. This short review summarizes and discusses the very recent progress made on the Zweifel olefination and its latest applications in the synthesis of natural products.1 Introduction2 Zweifel Olefination with New Organometallic Species3 Zweifel Olefination with New Migrating Groups4 Electrochemical and Photocatalyzed Zweifel Olefinations5 New Elimination and Migration Patterns Involving the Zweifel Olefination6 Zweifel Olefination in Natural Product Synthesis7 Other Reactions Involving the Zweifel Olefination Mechanism8 Conclusions and Outlook

Obtaining pectin from table beets as a raw material for functional products

Annotation. In conditions of deteriorating environmental conditions, radioactive contamination in the human body can enter with food radionuclides - products of radioactive decay, which in turn can decay with the emission of ionizing radiation. People who work with radioactive substances or are exposed to ionizing radiation are also susceptible. In the world there is an intensive search for effective environmentally safe methods of production of new types of food products of protective, health-improving, therapeutic and preventive purpose. Products of functional purpose are very popular recently, as people have started to pay more attention to their health and want to include useful elements in their diet. One of the components that can be used to create products is table beet pectin. Pectin is a substance that can be found in many fruits and vegetables. It is used in foods as a thickener and stabilizer. Pectin has unique properties that make it attract the attention of food manufacturers. It is able to bind water and solids, giving various products a certain consistency. In addition, pectin also has a number of health benefits. In this article, we will discuss the extraction of pectin from table beets by ECA solution as a valuable ingredient for creating functional products and improving their characteristics.

Beet pulp of sugar production and prospects for its use

Due to the latest scientific achievements new opportunities have appeared for deeper processing of not only raw materials, but also by-products of the country's agro-industrial complex. Beet sugar production is a source of a number of by-products such as beet pulp, molasses and filter cake. Domestic sugar production refers to material-intensive industries, since the volume of vegetable raw materials, as well as by-products formed in the technological process, is several times higher than the yield of finished products – white sugar. Insufficient attention to the problems of more complete processing of by-products of sugar beet production may be the cause of environmental degradation. Currently, not only the regulatory documentation regulating the quality indicators of raw materials used and finished products of the industry has been updated, but also the definition of by-products of sugar production, formed in the production of white sugar, has been clarified. In particular, by-products of the sugar beet industry can be used to extract useful components from them, suitable for the production of new food products with increased nutritional value. The main attention in the paper is paid to promising areas for the use of beet pulp for the production of new types of food products. A method has been developed for the production of sugar syrup enriched with pectin extract of beet pulp. The addition of beet pulp pectin extract to the syrup not only increases the nutritional value, but also improves its technological properties while expanding the range of new types of food products and their properties.

Flax pomace as a substitute for wood raw material in lignocellulosiccomposite technology

Flax pomace as a substitute for wood raw material in lignocellulosic composite technology. In the present study, composites made from flax seed pomace and PE, PP, PLA and modified starch were subjected quality parameter tests. Density, modulus of rapture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were examined, as well as water absorption and swelling to thickness after 2h and 24 h soaking in water, wettability and surface roughness. Addition of flax to different polymers caused significant changes of parameters but the level of influence of the addition varied between polymers. Although the characteristics of the produced biocomposites have been shown to be in general inferior to pure polymers, efforts should be made to improve these characteristics. Agri-food waste products can be a valuable raw material for the production of new type of biomaterials

ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINANCIAL MECHANISM OF ACTIVITY OF SMALL ENTERPRISES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FARM «IRYNA – O.T.»

The article presents the theoretical and practical problems of the financial mechanism for the development of farming on the example of «Iryna – O.T.». It is substantiated that small business has a special role in the socio-economic progress of any country – a potential locomotive of the national economy. Its importance is revealed in a number of economic, investment and social functions. The economic and investment role of small business consists in: mobilization of production factors; saturation of the market with consumer goods and services; stabilization of the market environment; ensuring filling of budgets at all levels; formation and development of a competitive environment, ensuring demonopolization of the economy; implementation of the latest technologies and production of new types of products; conducive to the development of science and scientific and technical progress. In a social sense, small business contributes to employment; satisfying the consumer demand of the population; development of the middle class; acquisition and development of entrepreneurial skills, realization of human abilities. It has been proven that the main goal of a small business entity is to make a profit and satisfy social and personal needs. To achieve this goal, small business entities should direct their activities to the innovativeness of manufactured products (works, services), in particular through: expanding its range, improving technological processes; the ability to recognize and satisfy new consumer needs by introducing innovative ideas and know-how; search for alternative sources of financing and new market niches. In the article, a detailed analysis of the financial mechanism of the development of a small business enterprise of the FG «Iryna – O.T.» is carried out, recommendations are given for the improving its production activity. Proposals for improving the functioning of the company’s financial mechanism were provided.

INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION ON THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF ORGANOMINERAL COMPOSITE MATERIALS

The structure characteristic and polyfunctionality of humic substances makes it possible to obtain new products by chemical modification. The aim of this work is to study the regularities of sodium humate modification processes with phosphogypsum and phosphogypsum with polyacrylamide (PAA) mixture, to establish the composition and properties of obtained organomineral composite materials. Methods. Chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Results and discussion. The possibility of obtaining new types of products by modifying sodium humate with phosphogypsum and its mixture with PAA is shown. The dependence of the composition and properties of obtained organomineral composite materials on the modifier nature has been revealed. The chemical modification has been shown to increase the content of COOH groups to 0.24 mg-eq/g, phenolic OH groups to 1.83 mg-eq/g, total pores to 0.44 cm3/g, static exchange capacity to 27.25 mg-eq/g, P2O5 to 1.34%, nitrogen up to 1.71% and the humic acid yield - up to 42.83%. The reaction between sodium humate and phosphogypsum proceeds leads to an increase in the content of total, digestible and water-soluble forms of P2O5. Conclusion. It has been established that the use of phosphogypsum for humic substances modification contributes to the phosphorus production waste processing. Organo-mineral materials obtained by modifying sodium humate acquire growth-stimulating, fertilizing, reclamation, water-retaining, and sorption properties. The complexity and multi-component composition of synthesized compositions is determined by DTA, IR, SEM methods. It has been shown that when sodium humate is modified with phosphogypsum, ion exchange reactions and complex formation occur.

Ensuring sustainable development of the metallurgical industry of the republic of belarus under sanctions in 2022

The article considers the results of OJSC “BSW – Management Company of Holding “BMC”, the largest metallurgical enterprise in the Republic of Belarus in 2022. It also presents market diversification and export orientation towards friendly markets. The article describes new types of products and achievements in the field of quality, as well as the functional and operational work of the enterprise’s personnel.

Performance responses of lactating Rahmani ewes fed diet supplemented with Enterococcus faecium NRC-3 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Production of new types of probiotics for animal nutrition mainly depends on the appropriate bacterial strain and efficient substrate. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of two probiotic strains containing 1.2 × 108 (CFU/g), produced on permeate media on performance responses of Rahmani ewes. Thirty early lactating ewes (about 2–3 years old and weighting on average 43.2 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals each using a completely randomized design. The 1st group was fed the basal diet (60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 30% Egyptian clover + 10% bean straw). While the ewes in 2nd and 3rd groups were fed the basal diet + 2 g of Enterococcus faecium NRC-3(EF) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), respectively for 9 weeks. Ewes’ diet supplementation with EF or LR increased (p < 0.05) dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and non-structural carbohydrates digestibility compared to ewes of the control group. Glucose, total protein, and albumin concentrations significantly increased in the blood of EF ewes than those of LR and control. Probiotics increased ewes’ milk yield as well as milk protein, fat, and lactose yields, but no differences were observed between treatments when milk components were expressed as percentage. Milk fatty acids profile not changed due to EF or LR supplementation. Probiotics (E. faecium and L. rhamnosus) produced on cheese industry waste (permeate) have proven their ability to improve the productive performance of the lactating Rahmani ewes.

STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM BITUMEN

The article presents the results of scientific research on the use of bitumen compositions developed on the basis of raw materials and wastes of domestic oil, gas and petroleum industry in the production of new types of construction waterproofing materials, as well as on the determination of their physical-mechanical and operational properties.

Ecological Technologies of Recycling Vegetable Raw Materials

The relevance and perspective directions of development of plant waste recycling are shown. Examples of promising recycling technologies in crop production are given. It has been established that in order to increase the volume of processing of plant raw materials, to preserve the environment, it is necessary to use waste more widely to obtain new types of products.