New Methods Of Management Research Articles

Viktor P. Baskakov: life, science, and heritage (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)

This article sheds light on the personal and professional paths of Professor Viktor Baskakov, who was an outstanding obstetrician-gynecologist, an endometriosis specialist, and the author of the first fundamental scientific works on endometriosis in Russia. The paper explores the milestones of the professor’s scientific career and discusses the peculiarities of clinical work and surgical techniques in the treatment of deep infiltrative endometriosis, in particular. In addition, new methods of management of the early postoperative period, as well as prevention and rehabilitation of gynecological patients are described. Viktor Baskakov was a talented teacher and mentor, a skilled surgeon, a competent scientific and clinical supervisor who had an innovative and bold view of the problems of treatment and diagnosis of endometriosis, which at that time were especially relevant and under-investigated. Special attention is paid to the many memories of colleagues and grateful patients of Professor Viktor Baskakov.

Развитие организационной модели труда в современных условиях: тенденции и эффекты

The results of effective work organization improve safety and the workers’ quality of life, and increase productivity. Globalisation and digitalization are dramatically changing and meaningfully affecting the organization of work. However, there is currently a lack of research in terms of the foundation of the labor process and its organization – co-operative activity. The article analyses how co-operative activity has a significant impact on the evolution of work organization and the factors influencing its development in a digitized environment. The results show that with the introduction of digital mobile technologies, the work organization model goes beyond the traditional management concept based on rigid hierarchy and managerial control. The implementation of flexible models of labor organization is possible only on the basis of new methods of management and development of employees, particularly in the practice of platform employment, which is gaining rapid traction around the world. In the absence of these conditions, there are many fears about future work related to the features of industry 4.0, which is based on digital technologies.

МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ В СИСТЕМІ ЛОЯЛЬНОСТІ ПОКУПЦІВ

The need to find new methods of management of trading enterprises, where the management of cyber security of trading operations should occupy a key position, is becoming highly relevant. The search and implementation of these methods is a priority task for management practitioners and theoreticians, public administration specialists. That is why the purpose of the article is to find and research effective methods of cyber security management in the customer loyalty system of domestic enterprises, to build an effective organizational chart of the customer loyalty cyber security management mechanism, which is based on the protection of all components of the commodity-economic interaction and its proper resource provision. As part of the study, the following general scientific theoretical methods were used: system analysis and synthesis - to build a management scheme for the loyalty cyber protection system; induction method - for accumulation, generalization and processing of information of relevance and unsolved research problems; the method of deduction - to distinguish the main components of the problem; methods of abstraction and concretization - for a schematic and practically oriented description of the problems of cyber protection of trade enterprises; abstract logical method - for identifying logical problems of the loyalty cyber protection system, assessing the risks of cyber incidents, identifying resource needs of cyber protection. As a result of research on the security of informatization of trade and economic processes, the significant impact of cyber incidents on the decrease in customer loyalty of trade enterprises has been confirmed. However, in the case of domestic sellers and buyers, there is a low interest in issues of information and cyber security of trade operations. The main problem remains the lack of a unified approach to managing customer loyalty cyber security. The paper proposes a scheme for cyber protection of customer loyalty, which provides for a comprehensive mechanism for assessing, monitoring and solving cyber risks and cyber incidents. The main component of the effectiveness of such a scheme is the Information Security Policy and the prompt response to cyber incidents. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the recommendations and proposals outlined in the study provide justification for the implementation of an effective system of cyber protection of the loyalty of buyers of domestic trade enterprises. Prospects for further research in this direction are the segmentation of the organizational chart of the buyer's loyalty cyber security management mechanism for the cases of domestic trade enterprises of various types and sizes.

Risk-oriented approach in the problems of modeling of metrological support of the measuring instrument fleet

The methods of management of metrological support of the measuring instrument fleet are considered. The modern situation is described, when the fleet of measuring instruments is heterogeneous and includes both obsolete samples of measuring instruments with a long service life and significant operating time, and the newest, high-tech samples of measuring instruments. At the same time the proportions between the mentioned groups of measuring instruments change over time, as the ageing of measuring instruments and their transition from one group to another takes place. Also the measurement instrument park is renewed as a result of purchases of new and modernization of existing samples. The heterogeneity of the measuring instrument park leads to the necessity of development and application of new methods of management of metrological support of the measuring instrument park, including the use of mathematical modeling. One of the promising methods of metrological management of the measuring instrument fleet based on the risk-oriented approach is proposed. The probability of finding a randomly selected sample of measuring instruments from the measurement instrument park at an arbitrary moment of time in the state of unreadiness for intended use is used as a risk indicator for the measuring instrument park. In accordance with the risk-oriented approach the measuring instrument park is divided into risk classes. The algorithm of assigning measuring instruments to different risk classes is developed, based on solving a series of optimization problems of the fleet operation taking into account the processes of aging and renewal of the fleet of measuring instruments. The results of application of the risk-oriented approach in the problem of modeling of metrological support of heterogeneous fleet of measuring instruments including both modern and obsolete samples with different metrological characteristics, MTBF and lifetime are presented. It is shown that by dividing all samples of measuring instruments into risk classes and carrying out verifications with their close to optimal periodicity and with their tolerance for controlled parameters in each risk class it is possible to minimize the total average risk for the fleet of measuring instruments and at the same time to achieve resource saving.

Kierunki zmian strukturalnych i proceduralnych w administracji europejskiej

The subject of this article is the analysis of the basic directions of structural and procedural reforms in the European administration. Assuming, that only a well-worked out division of power may create a dynamic system, the author presents the actual conceptions of the task division between the central power and the local power. The structural changes at the central organs level are con- sidered by a prism of two problems: the adaptation of the institutional frames to the evolution in various fields of activity and the assurance of the effective coordination and control of this activity. In the field «of the territorial adminis- tration the changes are directed towards bringing the citizans closer to the centre of taking decisions, provided the principle of rationality is maintained. On the other hand, the reforms in the range of the administrative procedure lie in the „opening administration” for the citizans (gradual abolishing of traditional secrecy of the problems of general importance) new methods of management (implanting new planning, programming and budget systems).The author points out, that the complex „computarization” demands a count- erweight of the control laws, rules of systematization and preserving information about citizans. Finally, in the closing part of the article, the author presents the problem of codification of the administrative procedure, stressing that in the western countries the guiding idea of this procedure aims at the balance of two antagonistic forces: an individual and administration.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis-What Do We Know So Far?

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a Th-2 antigen-mediated disease in which there is an influx of eosinophils to all layers of the esophagus, triggering an inflammatory response. Chronic inflammatory process causes esophageal remodeling, leading to difficulties in swallowing. Food impaction, heartburn, and chest pain are other characteristic (but not pathognomonic) symptoms in adults. Although the disease has only been described since in the early 1970s, its incidence and prevalence are rapidly growing, especially in Western countries. According to the diagnostic guidelines, there should be at least 15 eosinophils visible per high-power field in biopsies obtained from different sites in the esophagus upon endoscopy with relevant esophageal symptoms. Other diseases that can cause esophageal eosinophilia should be ruled out. Eosinophilic esophagitis treatment may be challenging; however, new methods of management have recently emerged. The currently used proton pump inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, and elimination diet are combined with biological treatment. New methods for disease diagnostics and clinical course assessment are also available. This review presents current knowledge about the disease, supported by the latest research data.

SARS-CoV-2-free residual proteins mediated phenotypic and metabolic changes in peripheral blood monocytic-derived macrophages in support of viral pathogenesis.

The large-scale dissemination of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and its serious complications have pledged the scientific research communities to uncover the pathogenesis mechanisms of its etiologic agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods of unveiling such mechanisms are rooted in understanding the viral agent's interactions with the immune system, including its ability to activate macrophages, due to their suggested role in prolonged inflammatory phases and adverse immune responses. The objective of this study is to test the effect of SARS-CoV-2-free proteins on the metabolic and immune responses of macrophages. We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 proteins shed during the infection cycle may dynamically induce metabolic and immunologic alterations with an inflammatory impact on the infected host cells. It is imperative to delineate such alterations in the context of macrophages to gain insight into the pathogenesis of these highly infectious viruses and their associated complications and thus, expedite the vaccine and drug therapy advent in combat of viral infections. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with SARS-CoV-2-free proteins at different concentrations. The phenotypic and metabolic alterations in macrophages were investigated and the subsequent metabolic pathways were analyzed. The obtained results indicated that SARS-CoV-2-free proteins induced concentration-dependent alterations in the metabolic and phenotypic profiles of macrophages. Several metabolic pathways were enriched following treatment, including vitamin K, propanoate, and the Warburg effect. These results indicate significant adverse effects driven by residual viral proteins that may hence be considered determinants of viral pathogenesis. These findings provide important insight as to the impact of SARS-CoV-2-free residual proteins on the host cells and suggest a potential new method of management during the infection and prior to vaccination.

LAPAROSCOPIC VERSUS OPEN APPENDICECTOMY: A SINGLE CENTER STUDY

INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest causes of acute abdomen encountered in surgical practice, requiring emergency surgery. Open appendicectomy by Grid Iron incision had been gold standard for many years. Laparoscopic technique provided an opportunity to explore new method of management of the suspected cases of the acute appendicitis. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To compare laparoscopic and open appendicectomy in terms of intra-operative duration, complication of surgery and post operative outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of appendicitis were studied. After pre-operative work up, patients were randomly assigned for laparoscopic appendicectomy or open appendicectomy. All cases were observed in the intra- and post-operative period till they were discharged and then later followed up for a period of 4 weeks in the outpatient department. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: A total of 25 patients assigned for laparoscopic appendectomy and 25 patients assigned for open appendectomy were analysed. Majority of patients were male in 3rd or 4th decade of life and had acute appendicitis. There was statistically significant difference of duration of surgery, post-operative pain, duration of hospital stay and return to work in both the groups. There was statistically insignificant difference of post-operative complication in both the groups. CONCLUSION: laparoscopic appendectomy is better than open appendectomy in a properly prepared and selected patient in terms of Duration of surgery, Post operative pain & need of analgesic, Post operative complications like wound infection, Duration of the postoperative hospital stay and Time period to return to work.

The concept of urbanization development and regulation in Uzbekistan

The article shows the need to develop a concept for the development and regulation of urbanization in Uzbekistan, which is a new direction for ensuring sustainable socio-economic, innovative development based on the formation of the urban environment and urban lifestyle. The principles of the formation of urban policy are formulated, objects and subjects are identified. It offers new priorities of its development direction: application of new methods of management, based on the cluster approach of urban development in conjunction with regional development with the optimal use of existing resources on the basis of naturaleconomic potential of cities and efficient deployment of productive forces; by introducing the principles of «green» economy; based on innovative development on market conditions, development of the system of public private partnership and attracting investors by providing favorable conditions for the business environment.

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF INSTABILITY OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE IN A HYBRID WAR

Abstract. Current trends in the globalization economy, especially in the context of economic crises caused by hybrid war, COVID-19, lead to a constant search for new methods of enterprise management that could ensure its effective functioning. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological aspect of determining the level of instability of the external environment of the enterprise. When forming an enterprise development strategy, it is necessary to take into account all components and criteria, including factors of variability and complexity of assessing the external impact on the level of enterprise instability, and their differentiation for enterprises in different sectors of the economy. Identification of the level of instability of the external environment is the analytical basis for the predictability of its changes, which affects the choice of management methods and directions (strategies) of its development. The article proposes a methodological approach to comprehensive assessment of the level of instability of environmental factors of enterprises, which, unlike others, involves the detection of instability in terms of seven components (socio-demographic, economic, technological, environmental, political, legal, ethical) on four criteria: complexity, interdependence, variability and uncertainty of factors, which makes it possible to determine their sources and nature, and thus form an effective response of the enterprise to change. The offered methodical approach concerning activity of the gas transport enterprises of Ukraine which are the most unstable in the conditions of the crisis phenomena is tested. The obtained results are the basis for the development of scientifically sound management decisions, forecasting the behavior of the enterprise in close connection with its external environment, which will avoid crises and ensure the sustainability of their operation and development. The current challenges of enterprises in connection with the emergence of various manifestations of hybrid warfare in the country are prompting business units to create and implement new methods of managing such structures. Keywords: environmental factors, level of instability, methodological approach, management, economy, hybrid war. JEL Classification M12, M14, I10 Formulas: 7; fig.: 3; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 18.

Grey systems in the management of demand for palliative care services in Poland

BackgroundThe concept of care for people in a critical or even terminal health condition, who are in the last stage of their life, has become the mission of palliative care facilities. Therefore, the life of a sick patient poses a number of challenges for health care services to make sure that medical services are tailored to the trajectory of the disease, as well as the various needs, preferences and resources of patients and their families.MethodsHealth systems financed from public funds need to adopt new methods of management to meet the high and arising demand for a long-term care. There are several ways of assessing the demand for long-term care services. The method recommended by the author and presented in more detail in this paper is the one relying on grey systems, which enables the estimation of forecasting models and, finally, actual forecasts of the number of potential future patients.ResultsGST can be used to make predictions about the future behaviour of the system, which is why this article aims to present the possibility of using the first-order grey model GM (1,1) in predicting the number of patients of palliative care facilities in Poland. The analysis covers the data from 2014 to 2019, whereas the prediction of the number of patients has been additionally formulated for 2020.ConclusionsHealth systems, particularly publicly funded ones, are characterised by a certain kind of incompleteness and uncertainty of data on the structure and behaviour of its individual components (e.g. potential patients or payers). The present study aims to prove how simple and effective grey systems models are in the decision-making process.

La reconstruction économique des prieurés victorins après les crises de la fin du Moyen Âge (mi xve-mi xvie siècles)

Saint Victor, the abbey of regular canons founded in 1113 in Paris, created sixteen priories in the Paris basin in the 12th and 13th centuries in order to minister to its parishes and administrate its temporal holdings. Starting in 1340, the crises that mark the end of the Middle Ages did not spare these small dependencies, maintained by a handful of brethren burdened with many responsibilities. Beginning in 1460 a full renovation was undertaken in all domains, thanks to the particularly active priors who refurbished their establishments and adapted life in the priory to the new context of the late 15th and early 16th century. This article intends, with the help of a very well preserved corpus of documents, to analyse how regular canons in the rural milieu adapted during the crises and activated networks of solidarity in response to pressing needs. Furthermore, the period of renovation was also a moment of transition, giving birth to new methods of management that were perpetuated thereafter.

Inching toward Modernity: Industrial Standards and the Fate of the Metric System in the United States

That the United States stands almost alone among nations in its failure to adopt the metric system has long been blamed on conservative, reactionary forces. This paper argues against this interpretation, which passes for conventional wisdom in both academic and popular circles. It instead contends that attacks on the metric system in the late nineteenth and twentieth century originated with progressive engineers, entrepreneurs, and industrialists who had taken the lead in setting the nation's first industrial standards. Far from being backward-looking reactionaries, they enjoyed reputations as cutting-edge leaders in the development of the machine-tool industry, the railroads, and the metal-working industries. Many of them pioneered new methods of management that privileged rationality, efficiency, and systemic approaches; indeed, they strongly influenced the development of what became known as scientific management. These individuals deftly advanced their cause through the nation's political institutions, thwarting the metric cause.

Knowledge management by construction management template for sustainable entrepreneurship

Abstract The article is devoted to the development of a new information and communication concept – “construction management template (CMT)”. This concept changes the way knowledge management in construction is due to: taking into account the most effective modern and traditional methods of management; use of information technologies; end-to-end integration of different solutions into one information and communication tool. CMT is an information and communication model in the form of a three-dimensional parametric part of a building or structure and the associated resource schedule of works used to plan and control management, architectural, technological, operational, and economic decisions throughout the construction project. Combining different construction solutions and including management innovations, the developed information and communication concept is the latest way to manage knowledge in construction. Development of the information and communication concept CMT takes into account the use of modern software, innovative and most effective traditional methods of managing enterprises of the full investment construction cycle. The practical significance of the results lies in the development of recommendations for: finding and using efficiency reserves in construction management with the help of modern information technologies; development and use of construction management templates for knowledge management. The obtained results allowed establishing the new method of management in construction increases the accuracy and speed of management influences, while reducing the cost of management. Thus, more sustainable development of construction entrepreneurship is possible.

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CREATIVE MARKETING IN THE CONDITIONS OF CREATIVE ECONOMY

The modern functioning of the world economy is associated with the processes of transformation and the formation of the creative economy, the foundations of which are knowledge, creativity, creativity, innovation. Currently, the creative sector of the economy occupies a leading position and has a positive impact on the economic development of individual cities, regions and countries as a whole by creating new jobs, using new technologies, generating creative goods and services, etc., which leads to increased competitiveness, quality of life and welfare. These transformations are related to globalization trends, harmoniously related to them and depend on knowledge, experience, acquired skills, creative talents and achievements, intellectual abilities and the degree of use of human potential. Today, the use of creativity and innovation in socio-economic facilities and systems should be considered the basis for a high level of competitiveness in various economic activities based on the generation and production of creative products and services. The presence in modern products or services of a creative, creative component, increasing the share of innovations in traditional goods and services helps the company to become successful and occupy the most profitable market positions. Thus, in a creative economy, which is post-industrial, there is the formation of new socio-economic relations and connections, as well as the transition to factors of production using innovation, creativity, creativity, knowledge, new methods of management and marketing, which contributes to strengthening the role of creative potential, intellectual resources, human capital and intangible assets in various activities, including marketing, which led to the emergence of creative marketing. In the article on the basis of research of understanding of creativity (the levels of its realization are allocated and its signs are characterized) and marketing at the present stage of formation of creative economy the process algorithm of realization of creative process in marketing is resulted. Approaches to understanding the concept of "creative marketing" of both foreign and domestic scientists have been studied, as a result of which it is concluded that this definition is not established and is relatively new, complex and multifaceted, needs to be clarified and supplemented. On the basis of which the own interpretation of the concept of "creative marketing" is offered. The article also highlights the distinctive features, principles and tools of creative marketing, on the basis of which the process of formation and implementation of creative marketing in a creative economy is proposed.

PROSPECTS FOR EXPANDING THE PRESENCE OF DANISH MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES IN THE RUSSIAN MARKET

Based on the conducted research of Danish multinational companies, it was revealed that the organization of their work is characterized by strategies for expanding and entering foreign markets through the opening of production facilities. The reason for this is the small size of the Danish domestic market, the high demand for the products of the companies abroad, and the particular geographical location. The Russian market contains many opportunities for Danish companies to increase the client base, improve sales channels, and convenient location of production both due to the geographical and economic characteristics of location (the possibility of duty-free transportation of goods within the EAEU) and due to access to resources. At the same time, the Russian side is interested in the inflow of foreign direct investment, the creation of new workplaces, especially in remote regions of the country, the study and implementation of new methods of management and organization of production. An important factor is the presence of special economic zones, the advantages of which a foreign company can use. This article examines business projects that could be promising in the context of sanctions restrictions and are beneficial to both parties. Particular attention in the article is paid to the pharmaceutical sector, logistics services, and the energy sector.

Abstract P346: Segmentation of Chronic Subdural Hematomas Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

Objective: Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) are an increasingly prevalent neurological disease that often requires surgical intervention to alleviate compression of the brain. Management of cSDHs relies heavily upon computed tomography (CT) imaging, and serial imaging is frequently obtained to help direct management. The volume of hematoma provides critical information in guiding therapy and evaluating new methods of management. We set out to develop an automated program to compute the volume of hematoma on CT scans for both preoperative and postoperative images. Methods: A total of 128 CT scans (21,710 images) were manually segmented and used to train a convolutional neural network to automatically segment chronic subdural hematomas. We included both preoperative and postoperative coronal head CTs from patients undergoing surgical management of cSDHs. Results: Our best model achieved a Dice score of 0.8351 on the testing dataset and an average Dice score of 0.806 +/- 0.06 on the validation set. This model was trained on the full data set with reduced volumes, a network depth of 4, and post activation residual blocks within the context modules of the encoder pathway. Patch trained models did not perform as well and decreasing the network depth from 5 to 4 did not appear to significantly improve performance. Conclusions: We successfully trained a convolutional neural network on a dataset of pre and postoperative head CTs containing cSDH. This tool could assist with automated, accurate measurements for evaluating treatment efficacy.

Passionarity management: adapting the model to modern conditions

Public administration is now quite often identified with state and municipal administration, while the sign of identity between these concepts cannot be put, since public administration is the result of the development of state and municipal administration, its “higher stage of evolution”. The article describes the situations when traditional ways of public management do not work that requires the development of qualitatively new methods of management or adoption of already developed once to the current conditions. The article is aimed to show the need to study the peculiarities of passionarity management as a perspective trend of public management. The authors analyze the existing theories in the field of passionarity management. The authors 'conclusions support the fact that the effectiveness of public management could be determined by the level of management passionarity.

Global environment as a factor of changes in organization and modern management concepts

Purpose: The aim of the study is to present a changing global environment for businesses, to use modern elements of management, IT and telecommunications as necessary elements in the face of the pandemic and global crisis, to sustain the functioning of businesses, organisations, economies and states. Design/methodology/approach: On the basis of the collected statistical data, own research and surveys, observations and literature, conclusions have been drawn concerning trends of changes in the organisation and the application of modern management concepts and forms of management. The study presents the functioning of enterprises taking into account their further environment, especially economic and social, against the background of the current problems of the EU and the world economy. The study also presents the problems of modern global economy, pandemic and sustainable development. Findings: Study presents selected elements of governance and trends of change in the organisation. What matters most for companies is marketing, finance, profit, strategies, personnel, innovation, modern methods and forms of organisation, etc. However, elements of IT and modern management methods already have an important and growing position, especially in the face of the pandemic, remote work and the global crisis. Technological and macro-economic changes, new methods of management, shrinking natural resources in the world at the turn of the 20th and 21st century, looking for substitutes, all these set out the directions for the development of companies. In addition, socio-political and epidemiological changes, computerisation and automation, cause changes in the functioning of enterprises, both large and small.

Segmentation of Chronic Subdural Hematomas Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs) are an increasingly prevalent neurologic disease that often requires surgical intervention to alleviate compression of the brain. Management of cSDHs relies heavily on computed tomography (CT) imaging, and serial imaging is frequently obtained to help direct management. The volume of hematoma provides critical information in guiding therapy and evaluating new methods of management. We set out to develop an automated program to compute the volume of hematoma on CT scans for both pre- and postoperative images. A total of 21,710 images (128 CT scans) were manually segmented and used to train a convolutional neural network to automatically segment cSDHs. We included both pre- and postoperative coronal head CTs from patients undergoing surgical management of cSDHs. Our best model achieved a DICE score of 0.8351 on the testing dataset, and an average DICE score of 0.806 ± 0.06 on the validation set. This model was trained on the full dataset with reduced volumes, a network depth of 4, and postactivation residual blocks within the context modules of the encoder pathway. Patch trained models did not perform as well and decreasing the network depth from 5 to 4 did not appear to significantly improve performance. We successfully trained a convolutional neural network on a dataset of pre- and postoperative head CTs containing cSDH. This tool could assist with automated, accurate measurements for evaluating treatment efficacy.