New Forms Of Work Organization Research Articles

Restructuring of Universities in the Middle Volga Region and New Forms of Work Organization in the 1930s

This article examines the changes in the higher education system of Russia during the 1930s when the long-established educational system was transformed to meet the state’s demands. The Soviet state faced the problem of training and fostering highly qualified specialists to solve the problems of the country’s industrialization. For this reason, an extensive campaign was launched to create technical universities in the country. The Middle Volga region, where several technical universities were opened in a short time, played an important role in this process. Based on archival documents, the steps taken to build a new higher school are analyzed. Due to the state demand for the economy industrialization, new forms of work organization were introduced into the professional activities of professors and lecturers, in some cases either against their actual will or under pressure from the authorities. A close connection between science and production contributed to the emergence of new work formats that did not always “fit” into the academic environment. By the end of the 1930s, however, the Soviet state, which had set a clear course for the development of industrialization, defined technical specialization as a priority direction in the system of higher education.

Moderating for a friend of mine: Content moderation as affective reproduction in Chinese live-streaming

Bridging the theory of affective labor and reproductive labor, this paper proposes “affective reproduction” as a critical framework to analyze the unpaid work of volunteer content moderation. Findings from this study problematize the one-sided focus on streamers in the extant literature on platform labor vis-à-vis live-streaming. It contends that fan moderators help streamers reproduce the live-streaming atmosphere as friendly, pleasant, and relevant, facilitating Internet celebrities’ money-making. This study contributes to studies of digital labor in two ways: 1) it expands the labor and work perspective to the study of content moderation and discloses the indirect value-generating nature of this work; 2) the designation of moderator in Chinese live-streaming platforms reveals a new form of work organization that exploits digital intimacy, transforming platform users into non-professional, secondary cultural workers. The proposed framework is applicable to various forms of participatory media, in which users are encouraged to manage and regulate their peers.

Digital Methods of Working time Management in a Flexible Labor Market

Abstract Subject and purpose of the work: Working time management has become particularly relevant by mid-20th century. It has now become one of the top areas of interest for scientists who conduct research on management. This study is designed to review and evaluate selected new forms of work organization in the reality of today’s digital economy. Materials and methods: This research was based on literature review covering scientific publications exploring working time management and forms of work organization in the digital economy. A descriptive method was used. Results: The latest information technologies, computerization and digitization, the use of mobile devices and smartphones, and advanced geolocation technologies add a new dimension to the modern types and methods of working time management. The development of the digital economy accelerates and drives the transformation of the labor market, promoting the uptake of flexible employment systems, which produces multiple types of remuneration and working time systems, and leads to a variety of forms of employment contracts and their reduced duration. Conclusions: Digital technology creates a virtual labor market which is dominated by informal and flexible forms of employment based on outsourcing programs, individual orders, and fixed deadlines with are not accompanied by any regulations of the contractor’s working time. Under these conditions, flexibility and multifunctionality, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions are the key features that make a particular employee competitive.

Working conditions and risk management in organizations

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the issue of working conditions and risk management in organizations. To do this, we will first analyze the classical methods of analysis of working conditions used by sociology; secondly, we will address the issue of the new risks that arise in working conditions under the new forms of work organization; and, thirdly, we will cite the theories that incorporate risk in the field of organizational management. All this combining a rich theoretical discussion taking the theory of Ülrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, as well as empirical reference around the subject.

Trabalho e Suicídio

Introduction/framework/objectives Sometimes there are news about numerous cases of suicide within the same employer, so it is left to consider what relationships may actually exist between Work and this event. A review was then carried out in order to summarize the most recent and relevant published internationally data, in order to provide the Occupational Health and Safety professionals with more knowledge to act. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Contents Suicide is a phenomenon that combines numerous variables, namely characteristics of society/community, work and the individual. The main reasons for Suicide are work and/or economic problems; the etiology is usually multifaceted, and labor issues should not usually be the only issue to consider. The new forms of work organization, with the pressure of increasingly demanding goals/results, sometimes accompanied by moral harassment, can cause suffering at work that, eventually, can lead to Suicide. However, the organization can be able to enhance the mental health of employees and reduce the number of events in this context. The rationalization of tasks generally enhances efficiency, but dehumanizes and social problems may arise; that is, there is more commitment to productivity (to satisfy consumption) and not so much to social issues. The restructuring of institutions can lead to an increase in the workload (pace, number of tasks, working hours, worse ergonomics), sometimes also associated with dismissals, temporary incapacity certificates and early retirements. Bulling/mobbing also alters mental health and increases the risk of Suicide twice, even up to five years later. Improving working conditions will reduce the risk of suicide in the working population. Discussion and Conclusions Suicide seems to be more prevalent (according to most of the studies consulted) in a given sex, personality characteristics, type of work organization and/or specific tasks. It would be relevant for national Occupational Health and Safety teams to be able to detect situations capable of generating a Suicide, before the first concrete case occurs; this would be easier to achieve if teams that have already dedicated some research to the area, deepened it and disseminated their data and conclusions in the form of a scientific article. Keywords: suicide, suicide attempt, work organization, occupational health, occupational medicine and safety at work.

CHORAL PERFORMANCE IN A PANDEMIC: MODERN SOLUTIONS AND PROSPECTS

The article is devoted to the research of new forms of organization of remote work in choirs. With the introduction of quarantine restrictions, the rhythm of life has changed significantly, which has led to the search for new forms and methods of work. Various methods of introduction of the newest technologies in music education of different levels are considered. The experience of using new teaching methods in professional and educational choirs in schools and universities is analyzed. The influence of new forms of choral creativity on Ukrainian culture in general is determined. Eric Whitaker’s experience in organizing the world’s first virtual choir as an international art project has been studied. Professional, amateur and educational choirs in the pandemic were forced to look for new forms of work organization. This was the impetus for the introduction of new forms of work. A characteristic feature of remote choral rehearsal is the shift of emphasis from collective to individual performance. Awareness of oneself as an integral part of the whole characterizes the positive consequences of remote work. Among the negative consequences of remote work, we can identify low efficiency, depression as a result of loneliness, deterioration of the quality of the material. The unification of singers into virtual choirs has become a new wave in the modern cultural process of Ukraine and the world.

Telework: Data and evidence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

This short essay starts from the hypothesis that teleworking is nothing more, and nothing less, than the manifestation of an announced change of time, of which the pandemic is acting as an accelerator. A change of era defined by a new economic and labor space that is cyberspace, which deepens the digitization of the economy and the flexibilization of the labor market. Teleworking is an expected result in this new reality. The pandemic has exponentially increased this new form of work organization, defined as work done at home using electronic equipment. From a global perspective, the ILO has estimated, based on household surveys of 31 countries carried out in the second quarter of 2020, that 17.4% of the employed people worldwide, some 557 million, worked in that sector. period in their homes, ranging from 25.4% in high-income countries to 13.6% in low-income countries. For Latin America, teleworking rose between 25-30% in the second quarter of 2020, and in Europe, Eurofound, in April 2020, estimated that 37% of participants had started working at home with the onset of the pandemic. All of which has made it possible to maintain certain economic activity and the employment relationship of these people during the pandemic. Likewise, it should not be forgotten that the pandemic has also caused huge job losses, especially during the second quarter of 2020, when, according to ILO estimates, more than 300 million full-time jobs were lost. Job losses that as of the 2nd quarter of 2021 have not yet recovered from pre-pandemic levels. In this sense, it should not be forgotten that teleworking does not create new occupations, it only provides a new way of organizing work for those occupations whose tasks can be performed virtually. At the time of writing this article, after a year of restrictions on economic activity, mobility and social interaction, the surveys that Eurofound has continued to carry out show that exclusive teleworking, every day of the week, is decreasing in the whole of the European Union, from 34% in summer 2020 (second round) to 24% in spring 2021 (third round). Given that the pandemic has not yet ended, and we do not know how the "experiment" will end, we must continue to monitor these changes in the way of working, and how they affect the labor market and employment and working conditions. As far as we know, teleworking offers great advantages, but also important disadvantages, with respect to working and employment conditions, which can, positively or negatively, affect the health of the teleworker. Telework regulation is a key element of cyberspace-based regulation of the digital economy, and it must be a global issue.

Цифровизация: социология и право, концепция и практика социализации

The article highlights the short history of the Russian and world digitalization in details, focusing on the identified problems and priorities, which must be resolved if to successfully build and further effectively function information society in all its aspects. The theoretical part has formed important opinions and ideas about the topic under study and shows that the spread of digital technology in all spheres of life is evidence of an active stage in the transition of human civilization from an industrial development stage to a digital one with social reality relevant to it. An analysis to identify the process of digitalizing human civilization’s linear development vector based on creating an indicative planning system allowed the author to conclude that there is a long-awaited transition to a purposeful scientific management of society and the state. As it follows from the title of the article, legal coverage and all-round socialization are dominant in providing a successful solution to many challenges of digitalization. Russia’s political class is fully aware of the need to develop legal provisions, which are able to successfully prevent and mitigate possible threats to information society. It is primarily about the data breach related to both the functioning of the State and corporate/personal data. But the proposed draft legal acts of various kinds do not provide enough insight into how these protective, desirably preventive measures will be globally and nationally ensured. Digitalization offers great opportunities for a rapid economic and social recovery to society. Developing information and communication technology gives an unprecedented rise in productivity, creates new forms of work organization, ensures conditions for increased trade in goods and services, offers infinite possibilities for education, communication between representatives of various societies and cultures, community commitment and network. The challenges of digitalization are so complicated that they do not seem possible to be solved by legal precedents without enhancing the population’s moral upbringing. The efforts of the really responsible citizens, the users of digital technology, the Internet initially can only effectively confront a new global digital environment in which there are opportunities to act rather immorally while at the same time anonymously and with impunity. We shall have to act gradually, but as strict as possible in the domestic and international legalization of the “digital environment”, paying a special attention to its moral dimension and the creation of particular barriers for ethical violations.

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ НОРМАТИВНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЙ БАЗЫ В ОБЛАСТИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ И ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ КАПИТАЛЬНОГО РЕМОНТА МНОГОКВАРТИРНЫХ ЖИЛЫХ ДОМОВ

The design and execution of works on capital repair of apartment buildings are regulated by the current normative legal and normative-technical documents. Their actualization is conditioned by the development of technologies, new forms of work organization in repair-construction production as well as by the necessity to remove administrative barriers to intensify the processes of designing and execution of works on major repair in specific conditions without residents' resettlement in order to provide safety conditions, comfortable living environment and, as a result, to prolong the periods between repairs in the process of buildings operation.

Formation of soft skills in the educational process of higher education as a factor in the development of competitiveness of young professionals

Introduction. Modern professional activity of a specialist in tourism and hospitality requires the possession of not only highly specialized, so-called hard skills, but also skills, which in contrast to the former are considered “soft”. The growing tourism services sector, international competition, new forms of work organization require from a specialist to possess, first of all, the skills of self-organization, communication, teamwork, etc. Materials and methods. The study involved 86 people (46 people were in the control group; 40 people were in the experimental group) who were students of “Hospitality Management” at Tula State University. Methods of questionnaires, participant observation and “mystery shopping” were used to determine the level of formation of soft skills in the participants of the control group. The survey among employers (n=10) was conducted. To analyze the effectiveness of the forming experiment the χ2-Pearson’s criterion was used. Results. The formative stage of experimental work was associated with the introduction of organizational and pedagogical conditions in the practice of training bachelors in the direction of “Hotel Management”. It was found that the identified organizational and pedagogical conditions affect the formation of professionally significant qualities of a specialist, underlying its productive competitiveness in the field of professional activity. It was revealed that the students of the experimental group more actively form the skills of mental self-regulation and overcoming stressful situations (χ2 = 6.64; p<0.05). Discussion. The practical significance of the results is determined by the possibility of their use in training not only specialists in the field of tourism, but also other representatives of professions that are part of the “human-human” system.

Teletravel in Labor Reform

The present study aims to discuss the requirements that characterize teleworking with the advent of Labor Reform. Thus, it seeks to understand general aspects inherent to this new form of work organization, such as concept, characteristics and modalities. To carry out this research, as a methodology, we opted for a literature review on doctrines, legislation and jurisprudence that deal with the topic under analysis. It was seen that teleworking has advantages and disadvantages for the worker, for companies and for society. Everything indicates that, if the sense of teleworking is not distorted and, if implemented with due care and minimum observance of the recommended standards, this type of work tends to prove beneficial for the members of the employment relationship and to positively impact employment. society. However, the theme demands a more in-depth study, in view of the existence of a large field to raise judicial questions, especially with regard to the teleworking workday. The real effects, benefits and damages to the rights and health of the worker, only time can reveal.

Associations between Work Resources and Work Ability among Forestry Professionals

Globalization and structural changes in forestry have changed the content and operating practices of timber harvesting. Furthermore, digitization and new forms of work organization have changed work characteristics, requirements and resources. The importance of knowledge and competence, and the management of new technology, are emphasized more. The purpose of this study was to find out how work resource factors are related to the work ability of forest machine entrepreneurs and drivers. The research material was collected in 2018 through an online survey involving 322 professionals in the timber harvesting industry, 87 forest machine entrepreneurs and 235 forest machine drivers. The Mann-Whitney U-test and logistic regression analysis have been used for statistical analysis. Effective work organization and social support from co-workers, as well as the perceived meaningfulness of one’s work, were resources that increased the likelihood of good work ability. Based on our results, good management may enhance work resources, and by developing work it is possible to support employee ability amid the pressures of change inherent to a competitive commercial environment and new forms of work.

Дослідження розвитку віддаленої роботи в умовах пандемії COVID-19

The article considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process of implementing technologies for the organization of remote work both in management and in the technical sphere. The COVID-crisis is seen as a factor that has facilitated, accelerated and intensified the introduction of remote forms of work, because precisely due to the problem of new jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic both remote work and information-technological improvement of enterprises become relevant. The article is aimed at researching the development of remote forms of work under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The object of the research is the process of introducing remote forms of work at Ukrainian enterprises. The subject of the the research is the organization of remote forms of work at enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article presents the results of the study (based on a survey) of the demand for a remote form of work and training among Ukrainians during the COVID-19 pandemic. 150 Ukrainians took part in the survey. Among them are women and men aged 18 to 65 who work and study both traditionally and remotely. The analysis of the data was carried out using a Google survey. The survey participants were asked topical questions about their possibility and desire for a complete transition to a remote form of work; level of development of the remote form of work at their enterprise or place of study. As result, the most positive and negative, according to the respondents, traits of a remote form of work are identified; also the most frequently used programs to provide remote work. The conclusions emphasize that Ukrainians are not only ready to accept new forms of work organization, but also actively adapt to them and, despite the shortcomings, the remote form of work is in demand and promising, especially in the context of quarantine measures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Teletrabalho na Reforma Trabalhista

This study aims to discuss the requirements that characterize telework with the advent of the Labor Reform. Thus, we seek to understand general aspects inherent to this new form of work organization, such as concept, characteristics, and modalities. To carry out this research, as a methodology, we opted for a literature review on doctrines, laws and jurisprudence that address the topic under analysis. It was seen that telework has advantages and disadvantages for the worker, for companies and for society. Everything indicates that, if the meaning of telework is not distorted and, if it is implemented with due care and minimal observance of the recommended standards, this type of work tends to be beneficial to the integral parts of the labor relationship and to positively impact the society. However, the theme requires further study, considering that there is a large field to raise legal questions, especially regarding working hours under a telecommuting regime. The real effects, benefits and damages to the worker's rights and health, only time can reveal.

Institutional work in the transformation of the German energy sector

Two European and German policies – one transitioning to sustainable energy and the other enhancing competition – strained the German electricity sector's organizational structures, which had been designed for network stability and a secure supply. Digital technologies and the new business models were important factors in these changes. Based on qualitative interviews, we analyze how changes caused by liberalization and energy-transition policies are related to the internal organizational changes at publicly owned energy providers. While some companies legitimate new forms of work organization and employment, thereby disrupting old institutions, others block internal change with reference to the external institutional framework.

Emerging patterns of artistic organizations in Portugal: A three case studies analysis

In the wake of the 2008 global financial and economic crisis, new forms of work organization emerged in Europe. Following this trend, Portugal has undergone a reconfiguration of its artistic organizations. In the performing arts, some organiza-tions seem to have crystalized and others are reinventing their artistic mission. They follow a plurality of organizational patterns and resilient profiles framed by cyclical, structural and occupational changes. Artistic organizations have had to adopt new models of work and seek new opportunities to try out alternatives in order to deal, namely, with the constraints of the labour market. The article anal-yses some of the restructuring processes taking place in three Portuguese artistic organizations, focusing on their contexts, individual trajectories and collective missions for adapting to contemporary challenges of work in the arts. We conclude that organizations are a key domain for understanding the changes taking place.

A Process Theory on Transformation of Work Through Internal Crowdsourcing

Internal crowdsourcing showed a substantial increase of use in recent years, since it describes a promising alternative to traditional orchestration of employees in today’s digital era. However, literature falls short in explaining the transformation process that is enacted by such approaches of platform-based work organization. By using a work organizational perspective with the existing body of knowledge in combination with a revelatory case study, this paper develops a process theory explaining the transformation process of internal crowdsourcing over time and how the organization of work transform during this process. Moreover, we discovered four different forms of organizing work with a completely new form of work organization: the “Hybrid Flash Organization”. Scholars can identify critical incidents and process phases, while practitioners use our findings as a transformation guideline of internal crowdsourcing to detect potential threads, opportunities and constraints along the way of a successful implementation.

Considerations Regarding Work from Home and Telework

Abstract In the current pandemic conditions that have covered the whole world between individual contracts of special type, the contract with work at home has acquired a priority place. Likewise, telework, regulated in Romania since 2018 and considered a new form of work organization, has also proved its effectiveness. In this context, however, it is necessary to identify the advantages and disadvantages of working in the form of work at home or telework and to draw guidelines for future legislative changes in this area.

Plataformas digitais e uberização: a globalização de um Sul administrado?

Este artigo trata do trabalho de plataforma a partir da definição de uberização. Esta é compreendida como uma nova forma de organização, gerenciamento e controle do trabalho, que se firma como uma tendência global. A novidade catalisada pelas plataformas digitais se refere à um gerenciamento algorítmico que precisa ser mais bem compreendido e analisado É possível perscrutar uma nova forma de controle, que opera na extração e processamento de dados da multidão de trabalhadores, que são então utilizados como meios novos e pouco conhecidos para o gerenciamento do trabalho, informados pela possibilidade de um pleno mapeamento do processo de trabalho (Zuboff, 2018). São analisados: o trabalho de revendedoras de cosméticos para pensar em nas características tipicamente femininas do trabalho que se generalizam; o trabalho de motoboys e sua uberização na cidade de São Paulo.

Is Industry 4.0 a Good Fit for High Performance Work Systems? Trade Unions and Workplace Change in the Southern Ontario Automotive Assembly Sector

The automotive industry has long been a leader in the introduction of new forms of work organization and technology—including mass production and high performance work systems (HPWS). It has also been a focal point for how trade unions negotiate such systems. Recently, much attention has focused on Industry 4.0 (I 4.0)—a manufacturing system featuring advanced robotics, digitalization and artificial intelligence. However, in the automotive industry, I 4.0 is confronted with considerable technical and social challenges, and I 4.0 paradigms have been criticized for marginalizing the continuing importance of employees in shaping, if not ‘hybridizing,’ such new production processes. Based on a study of UNIFOR union locals in Canadian automotive assembly plants, we argue that I 4.0 has to be analyzed in terms of the ways unions have influenced the almost universal adoption of HPWS in that sector. We thus investigate the ways unions have impacted HPWS and its implications for their roles in workplace integration of I 4.0. As such, we first argue that, while overlapping, HPWS and I 4.0 represent different managerial strategies. Second, we develop an exploratory analytical framework for use in examining union roles in negotiating HPWS and technology adoption. Based on this framework, we then analyze 18 interviews we conducted in 2017-2018 with plant managers and key UNIFOR representatives at five southern Ontario assembly plants. The interviews illustrate not only commonalities in adoption of HPWS, but also differing ways in which the union influences the ‘hybridization’ of HPWS. Union practices differ significantly from one plant to another as a function of three variables: 1- firm-plant competitive positions; 2- the union’s overall monopoly face; and 3- internal union local solidarity and narratives around HPWS. Keeping these commonalities and differences in mind, we then consider the challenges that unions are likely to confront as they begin negotiating I 4.0.