New Forms Of Tourism Research Articles

Geocaching w Roztoczańskim Parku Narodowym

<p>Geocaching is a type of a field game, which consists in finding caches (ang. Cache) placed earlier in the area. Participants of the game find the approximate location of a hidden "treasure" basing on geographic coordinates and descriptions contained on the website and using GPS. Perceptiveness, creativity and unconventional thinking should be demonstrated to find a cache. There is a so called logbook in a hidden container in which its finding should be recorded, and then this fact must be confirmed on a special website (http://www.geocaching.com, http://www.geocaching.pl). Geocaching is not a threat to the environment, the rules of the game forbid the devastation of the environment near the cache. Many of the caches are located in the areas of national parks. Enthusiasts of a new form of tourism, which is geocaching, are rarely encountered near Roztoczański National Park, even though the area has a great potential for using in this game (play). Currently, there is only one cache in the Park at the Conservative Breeding Centre in Florianka. Numerous natural and cultural values, as well as developed tourism infrastructure create favorable conditions for the creation (establishment) of new caches in the RNP (Roztoczański National Park) and its surroundings. The authors present a proposal for the inclusion of new caches along the bicycle route Zwierzyniec - Florianka - Górecko Stare. General use of this kind of activity can be helpful in tourist traffic dispersal and directing tourists to places rarely visited.</p><div> </div>

Entrepreneurship Culture of SMEs in India's Tourism Sector

Travel and tourism is a promising service sector of this century. Tourism is one of the major forces for economic, social, and cultural change in any region and India is no exception. Tourism is the world's largest industry and a sector emphasized by many countries to advocate economic development. It is also used as a development strategy due to its economic effects of generating foreign exchange, creating employment and stimulating local economies. Yet, what has been lacking for many years is a study that reviews and analyses the entrepreneurship culture of SMEs especially in tourism sector. Due to emergent and new forms of tourism, there is an immense entrepreneurial opportunity which is a certainly breeding entrepreneurship culture. Focusing on India, this paper aims to do that, with an in-depth examination of emergent and new forms of tourism followed by entrepreneurial aspects in tourism. Though the discussion pertains to India; the lessons drawn could be applicable for all involved in the development of entrepreneurship and tourism.

Evaluating the Competitiveness of the Northern and Southern Macro-Regions of Italy

This study uses the Crouch and Ritchie (1999) model of competitiveness to investigate/measure the competitiveness of northern and southern Italian macro-regions. Researching competitive advantages along with identifying strengths/weaknesses represent the objectives of this study. 156 responses were analysed, and findings show that northern regions tend to be more competitive than southern regions. While naturally endowed and created resources represent strengths in both regions, the competitiveness of all the determinant factors included in the tourism development, planning and policy of both tourist destinations are found to be quite inadequate. Moreover, the findings revealed that these mature destinations are experiencing the effects unleashed by a number of trends such as the development of new forms of tourism, the increasing number of tourist arrivals, the growth of the global economy and the sophistication of tourists’ tastes, representing both opportunities and threats that Italian destinations need to consider when planning/developing new strategies.

Postmodern Society and Tourism

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to indicate that in today’s circumstances of time and space compression, diversification of the tourism product, diversity and multiplicity of tourist experiences it is necessary to move away from the traditional typologically rigid and narrow theoretical framework towards more flexible conceptualisations.Methodology – The paper brings a theoretical overview of theorists who have been meritorious for such a shift of opinion and associated with the emergence of the postmodern thought in the contemporary tourism theory. The abandonment of tourist typologies, the shift of attention towards the existential authenticity and the admittance that tourism is a multisensory and physical experience bear witness to the recent theoretical shift in the study of the tourist experience which stresses the importance of the individual and his role in the tourism industry.Findings – New forms of tourism have been emerging, which have the potential to replace or at least change the already existing forms and fundamental tourism structures. A new type of tourism demand has significantly changed the nature of tourism offer. The alterations in the tourism offer and demand and the mere nature of the tourism product are usually associated with the concept of the post-tourist.Contribution – By focusing on the effects of increasing mobilities of people and objects and new ways of sensing a touristic world this work is a contribution to new directions in tourism analysis providing an account of various tourists’ performances that help to constitute tourist destinations.

Revitalization of Historical Heritage Using Pop Culture in Japan: Shiroishi City and the Game/Anime Sengoku Basara

This research note examines the processes of tourism promotion and local cultural heritage revitalization using the video game/anime Sengoku BASARA, focusing on the case of Shiroishi city in Miyagi prefecture, Japan. Through interviews with people directly involved in the tourism sector and local media or online sources, the unfolding of the tourism boom is described. The article looks especially at the involvement of three groups—fans (tourists), local community, and the anime/game production company—and divides the processes of tourism development and promotion into five stages. Participatory events are flourishing through the efforts of local citizens and fans, who join together in appreciating the historical heritage of the local region. These findings suggest that a key to the successful use of game contents to promote historical tourism for the game/anime to be treated as an opportunity, and to have the fans of the game/anime become fans of the local region. Such a process encourages local residents to feel pride towards the history. An important factor in achieving this is to connect the present-day contents depicted in the game/anime with the authentic historical contents in the local region. Finally, the attractiveness as well as the depth of the local region must be shown to the fans. It must be presented to the local residents that the fans of the game/anime are not just admirers of the work, but that they are actually admiring the historical character of the local region and the history of the local region. These suggestions imply the possibility of a new form of tourism where new cultures can be created by revitalizing the local heritage.

The De Filippi scientific expedition to the Western Himalaya, Karakorum and Chinese Turkestan (1913–1914): a memory one hundred years after

The De Filippi expedition reached Bombay in August 1913, and, during the next 12 months, carried out extensive explorations of Western Himalaya, Karakorum, and Chinese Turkestan. There are several reasons for remembering the De Filippi expedition to Central Asia: (1) a real interest in a past and present neuralgic area comprising several states, in particular Pakistan, China, and India, (2) the renewed attention in the subject of exploration and Italy’s special contribution in this field, (3) the need—now finally acknowledged—to protect and make appropriate use of our scientific heritage, and (4) an interest in new forms of tourism. In 2014, more than one event marked the centenary of a geographic exploration occurring between the “heroic” explorations of unknown territories throughout the 19th century, which enabled the progressive mapping of uncharted areas, and the “scientific” expeditions of the early 20th, which already had at their disposal instruments of research and reportage unthinkable only a few decades earlier. One hundred years after the expedition, we focus the attention on the scientific results obtained by persons that we do not hesitate to define as extraordinary, but now partly forgotten.

Construction and Application of CAA Model for Intelligent Tourism

Intelligent tourism is a new conception in intelligent city, which can not only promote the systematic integration and development of tourism information and physical resources, but also provide high-quality services for tourists, tourism enterprises, and government with personality and convenience. Intelligent tourism is becoming a new form of tourism in future-oriented tourism market, which leads the new travel fashion. With the emergence of intelligent urban construction and the perfection of tourism information, objective conditions for intelligent tourism will be further optimized. This article defines the basic concepts of intelligent tourism, and then analyzes the three elements of intelligent tourism: capacities, attributes, and applications (CAA). It was found that the three elements interacted with and depended on each other, based on which the CAA model of intelligent tourism could be constructed. According to the analysis of the intelligent tourism CAA model, some policy recommendations of intelligent tourism are proposed at the end of this article.

La Cappadoce chrétienne ottomane : un patrimoine (volontairement) oublié ?

The emergence of the notion of cultural heritage is recent in Turkey and still delicate, linked to a particular understanding of the past and of “national history”. From the creation of the Republic of Turkey onwards, the Byzantine past of Anatolia territory has been hidden under the elation of modernist traditions and under a national turco-islamic heritage. However, in Cappadocia, it is precisely this Byzantine period which has been honored while Ottoman past passes unnoticed. In this article we will study the paradox of heritagization of Christian cultural heritage in Cappadocia: Byzantine heritage is at the heart of attentions while that of the Ottoman period is abandoned. Through examples, we will see that last decades show a new evolution through the development of faith and memorial tourism linked to the rehabilitation of the recent history and more especially of the 1923 population exchange during which the remaining Christians of Cappadocia have been expelled. This event, remained taboo until recently, is certainly at the origin of this difficulty of accepting Ottoman Christian monuments as an integral part of the Cultural Heritage in Turkey. However, the economic potential of these new forms of tourism incites the development of different strategies of touristification and heritagization.

The role of tourism in poverty alleviation in rural areas of the Republic of Serbia

Poverty in Serbia has increased dramatically in the last decade of the twentieth century. The social middle class has disappeared, the number of poor has doubled, and the data collected by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia shows that a quarter of the population lives below the poverty line. Although the number of those who live below the absolute poverty line is increasing in cities, this increase is even more significant in rural areas. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities of implementation of pro-poor tourism strategy in the Republic of Serbia. The paper consists of an introductory part, concluding remarks and three chapters. In the first chapter, the concepts of poverty, pro-poor, rural and sustainable tourism are covered. The second chapter gives insight into the international pro-poor experiences (Trinidad and Tobago, Bangladesh, Nepal, South Africa, Ecuador, Kenya, Tanzania and Brazil). The third chapter is dedicated to the situation in Serbia. It has been shown that new forms of tourism, which bring benefits to both tourism enterprises and local communities, can initiate the development of Serbia's rural areas.

Complementarity in the development of rural tourism with the development of thermal baths, spa and wellness tourism

Serbia has a long tradition in thermal baths tourism development. In the second half of the twentieth century, this branch of tourism attracted a significant segment of tourist demand, both domestic and foreign. However, due to difficult business conditions in the nineties, its infrastructure became outdated. This resulted in negative trends in tourism development and a negative image appeared in the tourism market. On the other hand, rural tourism is a relatively new form of tourism. In Serbia, it started developing from the 1970ies. A significant interim in this form of tourism was also noticed during the nineties. Today, these two forms of tourism are emphasized as the development chance of Serbian tourism and economy in diverse development-strategic documents by the Government and the departmental ministry. The conceptual approach to these forms of tourism is used in this work, in order to scope the possibilities of their complementary development. What is primarily borne in mind is the resource basis that Serbia possesses for their development, but also the newer tendencies and trends on the tourism market. Expectations are that a synergic cooperation of these forms of tourism would ensure better results, and Serbia would position itself higher on the international tourism market.

Study on the Development of Low Carbon Tourism in the Era of Low Carbon Economy

Under the new environmental advocacy, the world economy entered the era of low carbon economy, low carbon tourism as a part of low carbon economy era, a new form of tourism, which is fundamental to achieve sustainable tourism development. Although there have been some achievements in the aspects of low carbon tourism, problems still exist in some aspects that include system, environmental technology and tourists low carbon awareness. This paper expounds on the background of low carbon economy, serving as the "smokeless industry" of tourism industry will decide on what path to follow, and has put forward to build sustainable development strategic planning, strengthen technological innovation strategy and step up publicity and other strategies to achieve tourism. This paper focuses on the application level, hoping to enrich the connotation of low carbon tourism, discusses the realization mechanism of low carbon Tourism.

Wine Tourism in Romania

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Romanian wine growing heritage, with an impressive historical past and the rich cultural heritage and traditions related to wine, to highlight the considerable potential in terms of development of wine tourism in Romania, factors that attract and motivate this new form of tourism, respectively planning a network of traditional themed routes in the region of Dealu Mare, emphasizing the significant parameters needed for a successful organization of this network. The analysis of the wine tourism situation in Romania and identification of factors with important role in attracting and motivating the wine tourists represents an important step in the field of wine research, through knowledge of the economic efficiency of production in wine-growing farms, finding the possibility to increase the effectiveness of investment in this area, which will allow everyone to realize the possible recommendations for the future.

From information-sharing to vacation rental choices – the case of Albufeira, Portugal

Purpose – This study aims to examine, via social exchange theory and social representations, how online vacation rentals (OVR) connect tourists and owners. It also aims to understand the dynamics and representations between owners and tourists in Albufeira, one of the most popular counties in the south of Portugal, supported on the theories of representation and social exchange. More specifically this research is structured on the following question: how the consequents – engagement and personalization – are materialized in the testimonies and descriptions posted on the vacation rentals platform. Design/methodology/approach – The initial assumption for this exploratory study is that OVR bring both material and intangible advantages for the individual consumer and for the community of homeowners. Drawing from netnography, using textual analysis, including the use of a corpus linguistics software program (WordSmith v.6), the authors aim to capture the multidimensional meanings presented by the tourists' online reviews of their travelling experience and home rental. Findings – The findings suggest that sharing the same nationality can facilitate engagement and influence the decision-making process (selection of property). Furthermore, findings point to a sense of place construed through affordances of place, home and a functional sense of place. Personalization of services is perceived by tourists as a positive outcome, this being the result of a positive evaluation that properties have received. Originality/value – The innovative design of this research, combining textual analysis and netnography of data reviews, and the analysis of this new form of tourism are the main contributions of this paper.

Landscape Architectural Design of Ecological Sightseeing Park

Ecological tourism park is a new form of tourism emerging in recent years, which have very important significance to the new rural construction. The design of landscape architecture in ecological park is still at the exploratory stage. This paper presents the design idea, design method of landscape architecture. In order to improve the design level of architectures in the ecological park, the method of integrating the architectural art, design technology and environment is proposed.

KLIENTŲ LOJALUMO FORMAVIMAS ALTERNATYVIOJO TURIZMO KONTEKSTE

Research background. Global trends in the development of tourism are increasingly focused on being environmentally friendly, reflecting on the principles of sustainable development, the search for new forms of tourism, which would not be mass character and provide other cognitive and travel perspectives. One of those opportunities is alternative tourism development. In response to changes in the tourism sector the European Union is pleased to support the alternative tourism – tourist area that is developing rapidly, accommodating the strongest advantages – the region’s natural diversity and rich cultural resources (Kinderis, 2010). One of the most notable changes in this day in the alternative tourism is becoming a new form of tourism. Dark tourism as a branch of alternative tourism was examined by the foreign authors (Lennon, Foley, 2000; Kendle, 2008; Stone, Sharpley, 2008). The aim of the research was to investigate the development of customer loyalty in alternative tourism areas/objects. Scientific problem question. Is it possible to form customer loyalty in the alternative tourism context? To achieve the target, we set four tasks: to review the concept of alternative tourism; analyse the genesis of dark tourism; explore the concept of customer loyalty; identify customer loyalty formation stages. Methods: scientific literature analysis, questionnaire survey, descriptive statistical analysis (SPSS 17.0.). Results. Study results show that after a visit to dark tourism sites/objects, respondents understood the value created and named a motivational factor – what is important in the formation of loyalty. After the visit, respondents perceived site/object and time better (75%); were surprised by the strength and endurance of the people (71%); got a lot of useful information (69%). Respondents questioned what motivated them to visit dark tourism site/object, the mostly mentioned curiosity and desire to learn more (86%); desire to visit yet not visited area (84%); the quest of knowledge (68%); new impressions and experience of the quest (58%); nostalgia, the desire to understand the past (52%). The study also made clear that the respondents fulfilled their expectations (66%) and received what they expected (65%), which are the one of loyalty formation stages (Navickienė, 2010). Almost half of the respondents (43%) remembered only the good things after a visit, and as many as 70% of tourists would recommend dark tourism sites / objects to their friends or relatives. Conclusions. In particular, dark tourism caused mystical and sympathizing feelings to people. There are five basic emotions that interact with the psychological status of “dark tourists”: amazement, curiosity, fear, pity and sadness. The main motivation factors for the choice of dark tourism products are educational and emotional, i.e. the desire to feel connected with heritage. Keywords: customer loyalty, alternative tourism, dark tourism.

Changes in the Romanian Carpathian tourism after the communism collapse and the domestic tourists' satisfaction

In the context of Romania's transition to the market economy after the communism collapse, and the accession in EU, the study aims to analyse characteristics of tourism changes in the Carpathian destinations by correlation with the domestic visitors' satisfaction for tourist services and new forms of tourism by empirical field observations, and statistical analysis used to test the level of satisfaction for Carpathian tourism. The results show an increase of tourist demand for the Carpathian destinations in the framework of tourist establishments' structure changes, the spreading of agri-tourism, a need for improvement of accommodation services quality according to the visitors' profile. Tourism development, revealed by visitors' flows, has some similarities with the perception of tourists. The tourists' views can, with several limits, be considered as a barometer in tourism research and a useful instrument in building tourism offers.

New spaces and forms of tourism in experience economy

One of the best known economic theories of the early 21st c. is Pine & Gilmore’s of the experience economy (1999). This is nothing new for the tourism industry which has always been selling emotions, dreams and memories involving travel. Recently, however, it has become much more important to provide professionally (consciously and purposefully) prepared tourism products, strongly marked with emotion1. Efforts to create original experiences for tourists include not only various modifications of traditional tourism packages, but also a search for new recreation spaces and new forms of tourism. The aim of this article is to review new tourism-recreational areas (e.g. military areas, new churches, so-called ‘destination centres’, along with ordinary and extreme experience spaces), as well as new forms of travel and recreation (e.g. creative, event, sports, culinary or extreme tourism). The analysis includes those phenomena which above all are currently gaining in popularity as part of the tourist experience triad (WŁODARCZYK 2013).

Online reviews of short-term visits: exploring sense of place

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the phenomenon of online vacation rentals (OVRs) (a new source of e-business travel growth) and how the concept of sense of place is presented by tourists' online reviews. Design/methodology/approach – The initial assumption for this exploratory study is that OVRs bring both material and intangible advantages to the individual consumer and to the community of homeowners. Using a qualitative approach, within the conceptual framework of a sense of place, multidimensional meanings presented by tourists' online reviews of their travel experience and home rentals were explored. Findings – The findings point to a sense of place constructed through affordances of place, home and a functional sense of place. They seem to indicate that these testimonials come from a close-knit virtual community; although the site is open to all, it is primarily used by British-to-British. The data reveal neither any salient expression of social interaction between these tourists and the local community nor any references to the cultural context, thus pointing to the dimensions of security and familiarity and to the absence of any travelling-to-learn motivation. Research limitations/implications – It remains unclear whether sense of place, as defined here, is the outcome of the limitations induced by the channel and textual genre. Future research on this virtual community, via interviews and questionnaires, could clarify this question. Originality/value – The analysis of this new form of tourism and the innovative design of this research, based on textual analysis of free elicited data, are the main contributions of this paper.

Global Geotourism – An Emerging Form of Sustainable Tourism

Geotourism is a new form of tourism based on the geological environment. Whilst ecotourism and biodiversity have been described in the academic literature for over thirty years, geotourism and its attendant concepts of geoheritage, geodiversity, geoconservation, and geotours , is relatively new. Geotourism is defined as tourism which focuses on an area’s geology and landscape as the basis of fostering sustainable tourism development. It begins with an understanding of the Abiotic (non-living) environment, to build greater awareness of the Biotic (living) environment of plants and animals as well as the Cultural environment of people, past and present. It is argued that geotourism offers a new form of sustainable tourism which is more holistic than previous niche forms of tourism.

The presence of backpacking tourism in Europe

Global tourism is characterized by constant change. New forms of tourism and various types of tourist movements are emerging, while the number of tourists is constantly increasing and now it surpasses one billion. What considerably contributes to the increase in tourist traffic is low-budget travel. Backpacking is such form of travel. It is mostly present among young population that wants to travel in order to experience authentic adventures and learn about the local culture, far from typical tourist paths. Backpackers aim to see as much as possible for small amounts of money. The process of globalization has contributed to the fact that the phenomenon of backpacking is present all around the globe. In order to determine the presence of backpacking in Europe and some important characteristics of this type of travel there has been conducted a survey via the Internet. The results showed that young Europeans are informed of this way of tourist movements and they make the majority of the participants in backpacking tourism. In the years to come the number of people in the world involved in these types of journeys will grow, which will lead to the need for a more detailed analysis of backpacking worldwide. .