Network Providers Research Articles

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF DRY SEASON FLUTED PUMPKIN PRODUCTION AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN OKIGWE, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

The study analyzed the profitability of dry season fluted pumpkin production among smallholder farmers in Okigwe, Southeastern Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule using simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result showed that the smallholder fluted pumpkin farmers in the area had mean age of 39 years and majority (61.7%) were female who were mostly (76.7%) married with household size of 5 persons. Majority (51.7%) had secondary education with mean farming experience of 5 years and mean farm size of 0.5417 hectare. Majority (66.7%) were none members of cooperative society and greater percentages (71.7%) have never had extension contact but their mean annual farm income was N73,550. Result further showed that, the total cost and total revenue of production were N163,005 and N338,340 respectively. Net return was N175,335, Benefit to cost ratio was 2.08 and return on investment was 1.08, with shepherd future of 48%. The sources of water for dry season production analyzed, showed that majority (55%) of the farmers use perennial stream, and wastewater (26.7%). Results also, revealed the constraints on profitable fluted pumpkin production in the area. These constraints were categorized into production, economic and managerial. The major production constraints were inadequate improved varieties of seeds (0.518), and poor feeder roads (0.581). Also the economic constraints were high cost of inputs (0.526), and inadequate credit facilities (0.5331). The major managerial constraints were inadequate extension contact (0.5885), poor market information (0.563), and Lack of irrigation facilities (0.518). However, dry season fluted pumpkin production in the area was profitable and recommended regular extension contacts, provision of irrigation facilities and good road network.

Situational assessment for fecal sludge management in major cities of Pakistan.

With enhanced focus on global sanitation, access to toilets at the household level is increasing in developing countries although the provision of sewer networks is not expanding at the same pace. This is resulting in the adaptation of on-site sanitation facilities to contain the fecal sludge. The fecal sludge generated by the on-site sanitation facilities requires emptying, treatment, and safe end-use or disposal. In this study, the sanitation situation and need for fecal sludge management was evaluated in major cities of Pakistan including Karachi (provincial capital), Lahore (provincial capital), and Islamabad (national capital). Primary and secondary data were collected from key informant interviews of the stakeholders, national and international reports, research, and review articles. Infographics on wastewater and fecal sludge from origin to disposal were developed using a shit flow diagram tool and enabling environment was evaluated with a modified service delivery assessment tool. The results indicate that sewerage network coverage exists for 60%, 63%, and 50% of the areas in Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad respectively. The sewerage network in major cities is old, leaking, and insufficient, thus a limited amount of wastewater reaches the treatment plants. Total wastewater treatment in Karachi and Islamabad is 10% and 9% respectively whereas, in Lahore, there is no infrastructure for the same. The safe sanitation in Lahore (8%) and Islamabad (25%) is coming from on-site sanitation systems with fecal sludge buried safely onsite. National level sanitation programs exist in the country but are limited to reducing open defecation and containments of fecal sludge only. The inclusion of complete fecal sludge management related framework, guidelines, and policies can help achieve the goal of safe sanitation for all.

PENDAMPINGAN PENGADAAN JARINGAN DAN PERANGKAT INTERNET DI DESA WISATA SANGKANJOYO KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN

Sangkanjoyo Village has carried out a diversification program for economic business for non-agricultural businesses, such as the development of the Sangkanjoyo Tourism Village. Efforts to expand the agricultural sector and diversify the economy towards the tourism industry are in dire need of supporting infrastructure, including information and communication technology. Internet is one of the most popular technologies in Sangkanjoyo Village. However, unstable internet connectivity is still a significant obstacle for Sangkanjoyo village. Therefore, it is necessary to procure and optimize the procurement of internet networks. The purpose of this community service program is assistance to the Sangkanjoyo village community, which is focused on optimizing internet network activities, namely the provision of internet networks and devices. This community service program increased community activity in supporting the tourism village growth program through internet technology.

Associations between quality of care in informal provider networks and nursing home admissions in Germany: results of a retrospective cohort study using German health claims data

BackgroundHigh-quality outpatient medical care can prevent care-dependent people from having to move to a nursing home. Quality of care is determined by the behaviour and cooperation of providers, which, when sharing patient collectives, can be understood as functionally defined informal provider networks (PN). There is still a lack of knowledge about the relationship between the quality of care in the interaction among service providers as a structural characteristic of a PN and nursing home admissions (NHA). We therefore examined associations between treatment quality, compositional characteristics, such as the number of general practicioners in the PN and NHA.MethodsGerman statutory health insurance claims data from 2006 to 2016 was used in a retrospective cohort study. The observation cohort comprised community-dwelling people ≥ 65 years of age who initially became care-dependent in 2006 (n = 117,942). PN were constructed using the Speaker-Listener Label Propagation Algorithm. The quality of care provided by such networks was assessed by further including all people ≥ 65 years of age who were cared for by service providers of the observation cohort. Quality of care in the PN was measured using 67 quality indicators (QI). Event-time series analyses in three proportional hazard models, taking into account random effects, determined the association of treatment quality characteristics and compositional characteristics of the PN with NHA.Results35,540 admissions occurred in 406 PN. The majority of QI and individual predictors show significant associations with NHA, as well as a few compositional characteristics of the PN. Out of 67 QI, 37 were significant in two of three models, 19 of which were associated with a lower risk and 18 with an increased risk for NHA.ConclusionsAssociations between quality characteristics of the PN and the risk of NHA constitute a relevant influence as they remain significant when controlled for individual predictors. Most compositional characteristics had no influence on NHA. Aspects of treatment quality thus do play a role in determining how long care-dependent people continue to live at home after onset of care-dependency. The results contribute to revealing informal relationships between service providers that constitute a special characteristic of the German health care system and to the identification of starting points for further education in high quality treatment of selected populations and in formalizing care collaborations by joining voluntary PN. Further, sensitising service providers to the evaluation of care processes and to reflecting on the relevance of their role in PN can improve quality development and outcomes.

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIC OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

The lack of solid economic fundamentals in Indonesia has prompted the government to build an economic structure by taking into account the presence of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the international market. This sector has been proven to provide jobs and provide opportunities for SMEs to develop in the community. The existence of MSMEs cannot be doubted because they have proven to be able to survive and become an economic driver, especially after the economic crisis. On the other hand , SMEs also face many problems, namely limited working capital, low human resources, and incompetent mastery of science and technology (Sudaryanto and Hanim, 2002). Another obstacle faced by SMEs is the relationship with unclear business prospects and unstable planning vision and mission. Provision of information and market networks, easy access to funding and assistance as well as capacity building for information technology are some of the strategies to increase the competitiveness of Indonesian MSMEs. Therefore, it is necessary to synergize all parties, especially between the government and microfinance institutions.

Analysis of Urban Built Environment Impacts on Outdoor Physical Activities-A Case Study in China.

Outdoor physical activities can promote public health and they are largely influenced by the built environment in different urban settings. Understanding the association between outdoor physical activities and the built environment is important for promoting a high quality of life. Existing studies typically focus on one type of outdoor activity using interview-based small samples and are often lack of systematic understanding of the activities' intensity and frequency. In this study, we intend to gain deeper insight into how the built environment influences physical activities using the data extracted from individual's wearables and other open data sources for integrated analysis. Multi-linear regression with logarithm transformation is applied to perform the analysis using the data from Changsha, China. We found that built environment impacts on outdoor physical activities in Changsha are not always consistent with similar studies' results in other cities. The most effective measures to promote outdoor physical activities are the provision of good arterial and secondary road networks, community parks, among others in Changsha. The results shed light on future urban planning practices in terms of promoting public health.

Influence of physical layer impairments on connection provisioning of WDM Networks

Influence of physical layer impairments on connection provisioning of WDM Networks

Оценка обеспеченности транспортной сетью районов Республики Саха (Якутия)

The article assesses the provision of the municipal districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with a transport network. The importance of developing a backbone transport network on the territory of the Republic is noted. An assessment of transport provision was carried out at the level of municipalities (districts) using official statistics. As the main research method, a retrospective statistical analysis of the indicators of the development of the road network and the availability of it to the regions of the Republic was chosen: the length and density of public roads, coefficients for assessing the level of provision with the road network and transport. The Engel, Goltz, Uspensky coefficients as well as the indicator of the density of the road network were used as key indicators. With the use of this methodology, a quantitative assessment of the transport provision of the regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was made. Based on the assessment and thematic maps created, territorial differences in the transport provision of the Republic were identified, and a typology was carried out at the municipal level. Six types of transport provision have been identified. The obtained results allowed us for following conclusions: the highest indicator of the provision of a transport network is characteristic of the territory of the city of Yakutsk, as it is the center of development of the region located at the intersection of the main transport highways and the center in the formation of the all-season supporting transport network of the Republic. The ranking of the territory, taking into account all coefficients, showed that the highest level of transport provision of the population will be characteristic of areas with industrial development and a well-developed road network. The average level is typical for most areas with year-round regional roads and winter roads. 60 % of the territory of the Republic has a level of provision with a transport network “below average” and “low”. The low level of transport security is typical for Arctic regions with a network of winter roads that do not have year-round regional roads.

Mapping the VNFs and VLs of a RAN Slice Onto Intelligent PoPs in Beyond 5G Mobile Networks

The mapping of a virtual network service onto a physical network infrastructure is a challenging task due to the joint allocation of virtual resources across nodes and links, the diverse technical requirements of end-users, the coordination between multiple host domains, and others. This issue is exacerbated further by the extension of virtualization to the next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) architecture and the provisioning of radio access network (RAN) slicing. To that end, this article focuses on the mapping problem of the virtual network functions (VNFs), as well as their internal and external virtual links (VLs), of a RAN slice subnet onto intelligent points of presence (I-PoPs) and transport networks in the NG-RAN architecture. In this context, in contrast to the majority of the state-of-the-art proposals, which frequently fail to achieve performance objectives and neglect resource allocation constraints, this article introduces automation and intelligence at an architectural level to map VNFs and VLs onto their corresponding physical nodes and links, with the goal of achieving superior efficiency in virtual resource utilization while granting the performance of a RAN slice subnet. Benefiting from a top-down approach, the key contributions of this article are: <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(i)</i> to extend the architectural framework of network slicing towards the NG-RAN architecture and provide a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of the components and functionalities of a RAN slice subnet; <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(ii)</i> to integrate the Experiential Network Intelligence (ENI) framework into a joint architecture of the network functions virtualization–management and orchestration (NFV–MANO), Third Generation Partnership Project-network slicing management system (3GPP-NSMS), and I-PoPs in order to render automation and intelligence to the management and orchestration aspects of a RAN slice subnet in the NG-RAN architecture; and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(iii)</i> to propose a learning-assisted architectural solution for mapping the VNFs, as well as their internal and external VLs, of a RAN slice subnet onto the underlying I-PoPs and transport networks.

Assessment of Transport Accessibility of the Arctic Regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Within the framework of this material, the problems of transport accessibility of the Arctic regions of Yakutia are considered. The work describes in detail its natural and geographical characteristics. For a more detailed and detailed consideration of the issue, links are provided to the relevant regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, namely, on the development of the road network in the Arctic. After that, a competent assessment of transport accessibility was created, for which the Engel and Goltz coefficients were used, which made it possible to determine the zones with the least provision of the road network. Based on the results of the study, a substantiation of the need for active development of the road network is formed and recommendations are made to improve their current state and increase the transport accessibility of the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Impact of rural transportation networks on farmers’ income in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract This study examined how the nature of rural transportation networks affects the income of local farmers. The study involved arable crop farmers in the Ilaje local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured interview was used to gather information from a total of 120 farmers in rural communities across the local government using a two-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that farmers’ poor nature of transportation networks has a negative impact on their income. Gender (χ 2 = 6.472) and marital status (χ 2 = 9.745) positively influenced income generated by farmers at p &lt; 0.05. Additionally, there was a moderate and significant correlation between transportation systems used (r = 0.705, p &lt; 0.05), the perceived impact of rural transport (r = 0.267, p &lt; 0.05), and the farmers’ income on agricultural activities. The results have shown that the serious constraints faced by the farmers are high cost of transportation which has a great influence on their generated income. The study allows to conclude that the nature of transportation networks available in the communities under study has a significant impact on the level of income to be realised by farmers. The construction, development, and provision of more rural transport networks would not only boost the standard of living and reduce transport costs of the rural poor but could also be a solution for the prolonged deplorable and worsening situation of rural roads in the country.

Academic flaws in the face of the COVID - 19 Pandemic: A case of University of Zambia student

The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic crisis has brought unprecedented challenges to higher education. The COVID-19 pandemic has subsequently left higher institutions of learning struggling on how to provide quality education to all. Globally, students have faced unprecedented challenges stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Irrefutably, this austere pandemic has disrupted the teaching and learning process and it has affected the provision equitable and quality education. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive report on the challenges facing University of Zambia Students in the face of the COVID-19 Pandemic. This was achieved by analyzing 400 University of Zambia students’ responses to the survey-based questionnaire. A descriptive statistical method was used to test the validation of the study. The students were sampled using simple random sampling. The study revealed that the major challenges included poor network connectivity, failure to access and upload educational materials on the platforms and lack of digital skills. In order to curb these challenges, the study recommended that the government and private network providers should improve the network provision to all parts of the country. In addition, the study recommended that there is need to have blended learning so as to enhance understanding in the learners for concepts which were not clear when taught during online. It was proposed that the University of Zambia management should also put a deliberate programme to train all students in digital skills.

Analysis Of Procedures References Implementatiom National Health at Ujoh Bilang Public Health Center Mahakam Ulu District

Background:&#x0D; The number of referrals at Ujoh Bilang Health Center in 2016 wa 31 referrals in 2017 there were 37 referrals in 2018 there were 41 referrals and untiil april 2019 there were 114 referrals.&#x0D; Objectives:&#x0D; The research objective was to analyze procedures for implementing the referral system at Ujoh Bilang Public Health Center.&#x0D; Research Metodes: &#x0D; This Type of research is qualitative with a case study approach through interviews, observation and documentation of 4 informants namely doctors, nurses, the Head of Administration and the Head of Community Health Center. Data analysis techniques are data collection, reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing&#x0D; Findings: &#x0D; The results of the study was to procedures for implementing the referral system based on National Referral System Guidelines but the public health center can’t reach refferal health facilities beacuse online network facilities were not available. The referral procedure at Ujoh Bilang Helath Center is in accordance with the National Referral System Guidlines but the puskesmas does not contact the referral destination health facility before the patient is referred because there is ni inline referral&#x0D; Conclusion: &#x0D; It was concluded that the provision of an internet network was inadequate, the puskesmas did not contact health facilities before seeing patients. Suggestionsfor the Ujoh Bilang Public Health Center Are to Provide an internet network in the form of wifi

From monumentality to diversity – Lourenço Marques between the urban plans of Aguiar and Azevedo (1950-1970)

ABSTRACT The General Urban Development Plan for Lourenço Marques (today Maputo) was approved on 25th April 1955. Coordinated by architect João Aguiar, director of the Colonial Planning Office. it was developed based on the first urban plan for the city, which had been drawn up by Joaquim José Machado and António José de Araújo in 1887. A further new Master Plan for Lourenço Marques was drawn up between 1967 and 1969. This new one was the last before Mozambique gained independence in 1975 and it was drafted by a specialist team coordinated by the engineer and urbanist Mário de Azevedo. The orientations applied in Aguiar’s Urban Plan were quite distinct from those of Azevedo's Master Plan. The innovative element was that it opposed the ‘conception of a city closed in on itself, limited in size and structure’. Azevedo's plan furthered a regional interpretation of the territory and placed the emphasis on the provision of an entire transport infrastructure network by land, sea, and air. This paper seeks to throw light on the evolution of Portuguese urbanism in the Portuguese African colonies in the last years of colonization with a view to highlighting the different approaches.

Marketing analysis of snails in selected snail markets in Ibadan, Nigeria

The study was carried out investigate marketing of snails in selected snail markets in Ibadan, Nigeria. Information was collected with the use of structured questionnaires and oral interview. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage and regression were applied to analyze the socio-economic variables. For the regression analysis, linear function had F-ratio that was significant and highest co-efficient of multiple determination (R2) values of 0.971. The study revealed that more females (92.5%) than males (7.5%) were involved in snail marketing in the study area. Majority of the respondents (80.0%) were married while 46.2% were within age bracket of 50-59 years. The result further revealed that 82.5% sourced for capita through personal savings. Per annum profit of N 340,200.00/marketer indicates the profitability of sales. Marketing constraints facing the snail marketers in the study area are price fluctuation, inadequate credit facilities irregular supply and snail mortality. Enhancement of snail marketing can be through cooperative group formation to access credit facilities and good road network provision by government to convey product to market

APPLICATION OF HR-MARKETING TOOLS IN ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS OF QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the tools of HR-marketing in assessing the factors of quality of working life. The article substantiates the need to use HR-marketing tools in assessing the factors of quality of working life at the enterprise. The quality of working life as a degree of satisfaction of personal needs and interests of employees through work in the enterprise, an indicator of well-being, free realization of intellectual and creative potential of the individual is the object of study of HR-marketing. The analysis of modern trends in the development of HR-processes is carried out. One of the areas of HR-marketing at the company is the periodic assessment of factors that shape the quality of working life. Its purpose is to identify factors that have a positive or negative impact on employee performance. According to the results of the survey of employees on satisfaction with various factors of quality of working life, those of them are identified that have a positive (negative) impact on employees and the results of their work. The results of the expert assessment showed the following hierarchy of factors of quality of working life: material incentives, favorable psychological climate in the team, training and professional development, provision of information and communication networks and digital technologies of the workplace, favorable working conditions, social security. An integrated indicator of satisfaction with the quality of working life indicates a fairly high level of employee satisfaction with factors of quality of working life. According to the results of the study, measures are proposed to improve the quality of working life and employee satisfaction with the social and labor sphere of the enterprise.

Implementasi Honeypot Menggunakan Dionaea Dan Kippo Sebagai Penunjang Keamanan Jaringan Komunikasi Komputer

Today, the internet has become the most used tool for delivering information. Through the internet, people can search for information by freely accessing a web page. This freedom of access often raises security issues in the website provider's internal network. These security issues can be in the form of misuse of information, threats, and other attacks on the provider's internal network. Based on these conditions, a technique is needed to protect important data on the website owner's server from various attacks. In this research, a Honeypot security system has been implemented using Dionaea and Kippo in the Demilitarized Zone to increase the security of a network. The methodology of this research is Waterfall Model for software engineering. The system that has been built is able to detect, take action, record attack logs and display them in the form of a website in real time.

DENTIFICATION OF DEVELOPING FACTORS TOURISM DESTINATION OF GEGAS LAKE IN SUKAKARYA SUBDISTRICT MUSI RAWAS DISTRICT SUMATERA SELATAN PROVINCE

The purposes of this study are: 1) To analyze the general description tourism destination of Gegas Lake; 2) To identify and analyze the determinants of the development tourism destination of of Gegas Lake. This research is descriptive. This sampling method consists of purposive sampling accidental sampling. Methods of data collection using interview techniques, observation, and questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive. The results of the research are: 1) Lake Gegas tourism destination with an area of ± 6000 Hektar is located in Sugih Waras Village Sukakarya District which can be reached ± 48 km from Lubuk Linggau City and ± 30 km from the Capital Muarabeliti to Simpang Gegas. Tourist activities that can be done include relaxing and taking a walk on the outskirts of the lake, playing water near the dam waterfalls, traveling by boat and fishing. The facilities and services provided by the local community are public transport and motorcycle taxi services, providing food and beverage outlets and providing boat rentals. At Lake Gegas there are no facilities and services developed by entrepreneurs. While the facilities and services provided by the Regional Government of Musi Rawas Regency include improvements to the entrance to Lake Gegas, construction of gazebo, and stocking of fish seed; 2) The determinants of the development of Lake Gegas Tourism Destination, among others: the attractiveness of natural beauty and the attractiveness of tourism fisheries, the construction of more natural food and drinking establishments and religious facilities, the construction of water games and natural game facilities, the provision of electrical installations , repair of unpaved roads, provision of internet networks, and improvement of security systems and supervision and shelter development, enforcement of regulations and improvement of environmental management.

Secure Rate Control and Statistical QoS Provisioning for Cloud-Based IoT Networks

The Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates physical things to detect, interact, and execute activities on-demand, enabling a variety of applications such as smart homes and smart cities. However, it also creates many potential risks related to data security and privacy vulnerabilities on the physical layer of cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) networks. These can include different types of physical attacks such as interference, eavesdropping, and jamming. As a result, quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning gets difficult for cloud-based IoT. This paper investigates the statistical QoS provisioning of a four-node cloud-based IoT network under security, reliability, and latency constraints by relying on the effective capacity model to offer enhanced QoS for IoT networks. Alice and Bob are legitimate nodes trying to communicate with secrecy in the considered scenario, while an eavesdropper Eve overhears their communication. Meanwhile, a friendly jammer, which emits artificial noise, is used to degrade the wiretap channel. By taking advantage of their multiple antennas, Alice implements transmit antenna selection, while Bob and Eve perform maximum-ratio combining. We further assume that Bob decodes the artificial noise perfectly and thus removes its contribution by implementing perfect successive interference cancellation. A closed-form expression for an alternative formulation of the outage probability, conditioned upon the successful transmission of a message, is obtained by considering adaptive rate allocation in an ON-OFF transmission. The data arriving at Alice’s buffer are modeled by considering four different Markov sources to describe different IoT traffic patterns. Then, the problem of secure throughput maximization is addressed through particle swarm optimization by considering the security, latency, and reliability constraints. Our results evidence the considerable improvements on the delay violation probability by increasing the number of antennas at Bob under strict buffer constraints.

Evaluation of a Blockchain-Enabled Resource Management Mechanism for NGNs

A new era in ICT has begun with the evolution of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and the development of human-centric applications. Ultra-low latency, high throughput, and high availability are a few of the main characteristics of modern networks. Network Providers (NPs) are responsible for the development and maintenance of network infrastructures ready to support the most demanding applications that should be available not only in urban areas but in every corner of the earth. The NP’s must collaborate to offer high- quality services and keep their overall cost low. The collaboration among competitive entities can in principle be regulated by a trusted 3rd party or by a distributed approach/technology which can guarantee integrity, security, and trust. This paper examines the use of blockchain technology for resource management and negotiation among NPs and presents the results of experiments conducted in a dedicated real testbed. The implementation of the resource management mechanism is described in a Smart Contract (SC) and the testbeds use the Raft and the IBFT consensus mechanisms respectively. The goal of this paper is two-fold: to assess its performance in terms of transaction throughput and latency so that we can assess the granularity at which this solution can operate (e.g. support resource re-allocation among NPs on micro-service level or not) and define implementation-specific parameters like the consensus mechanism that is the most suitable for this use case based on performance metrics.